基于CFOA-MKHSVM的滚动轴承健康状态评估方法

为了更有效评估滚动轴承性能退化程度,提出一种混沌优化果蝇算法(CFOA)与多核超球体支持向量机(MKHSVM)相结合的滚动轴承健康状态定量评估方法。该方法针对滚动轴承各状态数据分布不均匀、单一核函数分类存在局限性的问题,提出利用多核核函数的凸组合来优化超球体支持向量机。为消除人为选择分类器多参数的盲目性、避免果蝇优化算法陷入局部最优,将果蝇算法与混沌理论相结合,对多参数进行寻优。同时构建混沌优化果蝇算法-多核超球体支持向量机(CFOAMKHSVM)模型,并提出归一化差别系数评估指标。通过实验研究,与支持向量数据描述(SVDD)算法评估指标进行对比,验证了所提指标的有效性,实现了滚动轴承健康状态的定量评估。     

基于果蝇优化算法-小波支持向量数据描述的滚动轴承性能退化评估

针对支持向量数据描述(SVDD)算法对滚动轴承早期故障不敏感、参数选择困难的问题,提出了一种基于果蝇优化算法-小波支持向量数据描述(FOA-WSVDD)的滚动轴承性能退化评估方法。提取滚动轴承早期无故障振动信号的时域、时频域特征向量,并基于单调性进行特征选择;针对现有核函数对滚动轴承早期故障不敏感问题,将小波核函数引入到SVDD算法中;针对SVDD算法参数选择困难的问题,以支持向量个数与总样本数的比值作为适应度函数,采用改进的FOA算法对其核参数进行优化,建立FOA-WSVDD评估模型;最后,将轴承后期振动数据的特征向量输入到该WSVDD模型中,得到轴承的性能退化指标。试验结果表明,采用所提方法能准确地对轴承早期故障作出预警,与基于高斯核函数的SVDD算法相比,提前了17h。     

基于优化支持向量机的轴承故障诊断方法研究

以滚动轴承在正常、内圈故障、外圈故障和滚动体故障四种工况下的振动信号为研究对象,采用小波包变换的方法提取信号的能量熵,构成振动信号的特征向量。在此基础上采用支持向量机进行故障模式识别,建立支持向量机模型需要选择适当的核函数及相关参数,使用径向基核函数,需要设置的参数为核函数的宽度和误差惩罚系数,分别结合传统的网格搜索,遗传算法,粒子群算法优化支持向量机参数以提升分类性能。试验结果表明,采用优化后的支持向量机进行故障诊断可以大大提高诊断精度。     

基于LFOA优化多核支持向量机的液压泵故障诊断

针对采用传统支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)进行故障诊断时核函数的构造和参数的选取存在盲目性的问题,提出一种基于改进果蝇优化算法优化多核SVM的液压泵故障诊断方法。首先,对液压泵振动信号进行局部特征尺度分解(Local Characteristic-scale Decomposition,LCD),从多个角度提取混合特征组成特征集。然后,基于全局核函数和局部核函数构建多核支持向量机,并利用具有Levy飞行特征的果蝇优化算法(LFOA)对核函数权值和参数的选取进行优化。最后,将特征集输入多核SVM进行识别。液压泵故障诊断结果表明,与采用FOA、GA和PSO优化算法及单核SVM相比,所提方法具备全局寻优能力强和诊断准确率高的优点,可有效应用于液压泵故障诊断。     

核极化的多核LSSVM及其在分类中的应用

为了解决最小二乘支持向量机对于选择核函数盲目性的问题,将核度量标准核极化和多核学习引入最小二乘支持向量机中,提出了基于核极化的多核最小二乘支持向量机算法。算法首先利用核极化确定每个基本核函数的权系数,再根据多核学习原理组合多核函数,然后,建立多核最小二乘支持向量机模型,并进行模型的学习训练和预测。UCI数据上的试验结果表明,所提出的算法比SVM、最小二乘支持向量机和其他的多核学习方法具有更高的分类准确率。     

基于遗传退火优化MSVM的齿轮箱故障诊断

为了实现齿轮箱典型故障的自适应准确辨识,提出一种遗传退火算法优化多核支持向量机的齿轮箱故障诊断模型。首先,将齿轮箱故障振动信号经验模式分解为多个内禀模态分量并提取其幅值能量特征;然后,再基于高斯核和多项式核构建多核支持向量机;最后,将表征齿轮箱故障特征的内禀模态分量能量输入到遗传退火算法优化的多核支持向量机进行故障模式辨识。理论分析表明,多核支持向量机能够逼近任意多元连续函数,遗传退火参数优化可快速准确得到多核支持向量机的全局最优参数向量。通过齿轮箱的故障模拟实验验证了该方法的有效性,结果表明,相比于传统的故障诊断模型,该方法显著提高了齿轮箱典型故障的诊断精度和泛化推广能力。     

多尺度变异粒子群优化MK-LSSVM的轴承寿命预测

提出一种基于多尺度变异粒子群优化(MSPSO)算法和多核最小二乘支持向量机(MK-LSSVM)的预测新方法用于滚动轴承寿命预测。提取小波包相对能量特征对轴承性能衰退予以描述,提出MSPSO算法对MK-LSSVM模型参数进行优化选取,构造融合多核函数的LSSVM模型实现轴承寿命估计。MK-LSSVM中多核函数的引入克服了单核LSSVM对核函数类型强依赖性的弱点,MSPSO算法中种群全局大尺度均匀变异与个体局部邻域小尺度变异搜索联合策略的提出在增强种群多样性的同时保证了粒子群局部精确搜索的能力。利用实测滚动轴承振动数据分析,验证了所提MSPSO算法在模型参数优化及优化MKLSSVM模型在滚动轴承寿命预测应用中的有效性。     

FOA-WPT降噪和PSO-SVM在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

在轴承故障诊断中,为了进一步提高诊断方法的自适应性和分类准确率,提出果蝇优化小波包降噪和粒子群支持向量机相结合的方法。利用果蝇算法对小波包降噪的阈值进行优化,结合粒子群算法在GCV算法下的错误率最低,得到SVM的最优惩罚参数和核函数参数,建立PSO-SVM分类模型,对4种工况下滚动轴承的10类故障进行分类。实验结果表明,使用FOA-WPT降噪后,信号有着更高的信噪比和更低的均方误差（MSE）;和粒子群支持向量机相结合的分类方法准确率达到89%,与未使用粒子群算法优化的SVM相比,提高了约8%,进一步证明了该方法可以实现滚动轴承的多分类故障诊断。     

多核LSSVM算法在轴承故障识别中的应用

针对最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)实现过程中盲目选择核函数的现象,提出了一种基于核极化的多核LSSVM与EMD相结合的滚动轴承故障识别算法。首先,对滚动轴承振动信号进行EMD信号提取,进而提取故障特征向量;然后,根据多核构造原理,引入核极化确定基本核函数的组合权系数,构造多核函数;最后,结合多核函数与LSSVM,形成多核LSSVM学习器,进行故障识别。分析滚动轴承正常状态、内圈故障、外圈故障和滚动体故障的诊断实验结果,可知,EMD与多核LSSVM的故障识别算法可以准确地判断滚动轴承的工作状态和故障类型,并与SVM、LSSVM算法的诊断结果进行对照,表明所提算法的故障识别率更高。     

基于SPSO优化Multiple Kernel-TWSVM的滚动轴承故障诊断

双子支持向量机(twin support vector machine,简称TWSVM)的核函数选择对其分类性能有着重要影响,TWSVM其核函数一般是局部核函数或者全局核函数,这两种核函数的泛化能力和分类性能不能兼顾。笔者利用综合加权的高斯局部核函数和多项式全局核函数方法组成双核函数来改进TWSVM以提高其泛化能力和分类性能,并采用简化粒子群优化(simple particle swarm optimization,简称SPSO)方法来对权值和参数进行优化,提出了SPSO优化Multiple Kernel-TWSVM模型,将该模型应用到滚动轴承故障诊断模式识别中。实验结果表明,双核TWSVM比单核TWSVM和反向传播(back propagation,简称BP)神经网络具有更高的分类准确率。     

基于遗传算法的多尺度支持向量机及其在机械故障诊断中的应用

通过对支持向量机核函数的分析发现,当对样本的各个特征赋予不同大小的尺度参数时,可以避免冗余特征干扰分类,增强关键特征在分类中的作用,提高支持向量机分类器的学习和泛化能力。在此基础上,提出一种具有不同特征尺度参数的支持向量机(简称多尺度支持向量机),并通过遗传算法最小化LOO(leave-one-out)泛化错误上限估计,根据各个特征的识别能力赋予其不同大小的尺度参数。将多尺度支持向量机用于轴承故障诊断,实验结果表明,与传统的单尺度参数支持向量机相比,多尺度支持向量机具有更好的泛化能力。对压缩机气阀的故障识别表明,尺度参数的大小直接反映了对应特征识别能力的大小,因此可以依据尺度参数的大小进行特征选择,保留关键特征,剔除冗余特征。     

基于VMD和MRVM变负荷工况下的滚动轴承故障诊断

为了能够对变负荷工况下的轴承早期故障及损伤程度进行准确有效的诊断,提出了基于改进混沌果蝇优化算法的变分模态分解(variable mode decomposition,简称VMD)和基于嵌套一对一算法的多分类相关向量机(multi-class relevance vector machine,简称MRVM)的智能诊断模型。首先,使用改进混沌果蝇优化算法(improved chaotic fruit fly optimization algorithm,简称ICFOA)对VMD的本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)个数和惩罚参数进行优化,搜索两个参数的最优组合值;其次,使用最优组合参数值对VMD算法的关键参数进行设定,并对已知的故障信号进行分解获得相应的IMF分量;然后,使用嵌套一对一算法构造高精度的多分类RVM学习模型,将IMF分量的二维边际谱熵值作为MRVM的输入特征向量;最后,使用不同载荷下的实验数据进行验证。实验结果表明,所提出的方法能够准确地对变载荷工况下的轴承故障进行诊断,其中轴承故障类型的诊断精度为100%,轴承故障程度的诊断精度为91.87%,诊断精度较高,鲁棒性强。     

Fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing using principal component analysis and support vector machine

To effectively extract the fault feature information of rolling bearings and improve the performance of fault diagnosis, a fault diagnosis method based on principal component analysis and support vector machine was presented, and the rolling bearings signals with different fault states were collected. To address the limitation on effectively dealing with the raw vibration signals by the traditional signal processing technology based on Fourier transform, wavelet packet decomposition was employed to extract the features of bearing faults such as outer ring flaking, inner ring flaking, roller flaking and normal condition. Compared with the previous literature on fault diagnosis using principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM), one-to-one and one-to-many algorithms were taken into account. Additionally, the effect of four kernel functions, such as liner kernel function, polynomial kernel function, radial basis function and hyperbolic tangent kernel function, on the performance of SVM classifier was investigated, and the optimal hype-parameters of SVM classifier model were determined by genetic algorithm optimization. PCA was employed for dimension reduction, so as to reduce the computational complexity. The principal components that reached more than 95 % cumulative contribution rate were extracted by PCA and were input into SVM and BP neural network classifiers for identification. Results show that the fault feature dimensionality of the rolling bearing is reduced from 8-dimensions to 5-dimensions, which can still characterize the bearing status effectively, and the computational complexity is reduced as well. Compared with the raw feature set, PCA has a higher fault diagnosis accuracy (more than 97 %), and a shorter diagnosis time relatively. To better verify the superiority of the proposed method, SVM classification results were compared with the results of BP neural network. It is concluded that SVM classifier achieved a better performance than BP neural network classifier in terms of the classification accuracy and time-cost.     

Multi-fault diagnosis study on roller bearing based on multi-kernel support vector machine with chaotic particle swarm optimization

A novel intelligent fault diagnosis model based on multi-kernel support vector machine (MSVM) with chaotic particle swarm optimization (CPSO) for roller bearing fault diagnosis is proposed. Multi-kernel support vector machine is a powerful new tool for roller bearing fault diagnosis with small sampling, nonlinearity and high dimension. Chaotic particle swarm optimization is developed in this study to determine the optimal parameters for MSVM with high accuracy and great generalization ability. Moreover, the feature vectors for fault diagnosis are obtained from vibration signal that preprocessed by time-domain, frequency-domain and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the typical manifold learning method LTSA is used to select salient features. The experimental results indicate that this proposed approach is an effective method for roller bearing fault diagnosis, which has more strong generalization ability and can achieve higher diagnostic accuracy than that of the single kernel SVM or the MSVM which parameters are randomly extracted.     

改进蝙蝠算法优化支持向量机的故障诊断方法

提出了一种基于变分模态分解（VMD）和时移多尺度散布熵（TSMDE）的故障特征提取结合改进的蝙蝠算法（IBA）来优化支持向量机（SVM）的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。通过变分模态分解,避免了模式混叠问题,提取各模态分量的散布熵构造故障特征向量,作为故障诊断模型的输入;提出了一种新的自适应速度权重因子用于构建改进的蝙蝠算法以优化支持向量机（IBA-SVM）,实现了对不同故障类型的轴承进行分类;利用实验数据对提出的诊断方法进行验证,并与用粒子群算法（PSO）优化支持向量机（PSO-SVM）的诊断方法进行对比。结果表明所提出的方法分类准确率更高,用时更少。     

Semi-supervised weighted kernel clustering based on gravitational search for fault diagnosis

Supervised learning method, like support vector machine (SVM), has been widely applied in diagnosing known faults, however this kind of method fails to work correctly when new or unknown fault occurs. Traditional unsupervised kernel clustering can be used for unknown fault diagnosis, but it could not make use of the historical classification information to improve diagnosis accuracy. In this paper, a semi-supervised kernel clustering model is designed to diagnose known and unknown faults. At first, a novel semi-supervised weighted kernel clustering algorithm based on gravitational search (SWKC-GS) is proposed for clustering of dataset composed of labeled and unlabeled fault samples. The clustering model of SWKC-GS is defined based on wrong classification rate of labeled samples and fuzzy clustering index on the whole dataset. Gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is used to solve the clustering model, while centers of clusters, feature weights and parameter of kernel function are selected as optimization variables. And then, new fault samples are identified and diagnosed by calculating the weighted kernel distance between them and the fault cluster centers. If the fault samples are unknown, they will be added in historical dataset and the SWKC-GS is used to partition the mixed dataset and update the clustering results for diagnosing new fault. In experiments, the proposed method has been applied in fault diagnosis for rotatory bearing, while SWKC-GS has been compared not only with traditional clustering methods, but also with SVM and neural network, for known fault diagnosis. In addition, the proposed method has also been applied in unknown fault diagnosis. The results have shown effectiveness of the proposed method in achieving expected diagnosis accuracy for both known and unknown faults of rotatory bearing.