时间差型磁通门敏感单元巴克豪森噪声处理研究

敏感单元是时间差型磁通门传感器的核心,磁芯在交变磁场激励下产生巴克豪森噪声,该噪声直接影响后续电路输出信号质量及时间差检测,限制了磁通门稳定性和灵敏度的提高。针对时间差型磁通门的工作原理,对巴克豪森噪声特点进行分析,研究该噪声与磁芯磁导率之间的关系。在Simulink仿真平台上以动态反正切磁滞回线模型为基础,搭建敏感单元巴克豪森噪声模型。根据噪声分布规律将小波滤波应用到感应信号去噪处理中,利用时间差信噪比对比分析不同滤波方法的效果。仿真及实测结果表明,小波滤波能有效去除巴克豪森噪声,时间差信噪比提高133倍,时间差波动小于35μs,为提高时间差型磁通门敏感单元检测精度和稳定性提供了依据。     

时间差型磁通门灵敏度及稳定性研究

为了提高时间差型磁通门的灵敏度及稳定性,当敏感单元及检测电路确定时,激励信号参数选取和时间差数据处理成为了关键。文中在建立磁通门灵敏度随正弦激励信号参数变化模型的基础上,选取参数条件提高灵敏度,并针对时间差存在随机波动,提出了将变系数拉依达准则与等权端点平滑相结合的时间差混合处理方法,能够实时动态地处理时间差数据。结果显示在±4×10~4n T范围内灵敏度达到550 ns/n T,时间差波动可降低93%。实验结果表明,灵敏度变化模型能够有效地指导选取激励参数来提高灵敏度,并结合混合处理算法,减小了时间差波动,增强了磁通门的稳定性。     

U型磁轭励磁时磁巴克豪森噪声信号分布规律研究

磁巴克豪森噪声是材料性能和应力状态检测的重要技术之一,材料磁化时磁巴克豪森噪声信号发射分布状况以及信号接收器的位置直接决定着所获取原始信号结果,进而对后期结果评判具有非常重要的影响。研究得到了U型磁轭励磁方式不同励磁条件下材料表层磁巴克豪森噪声信号的发射强度分布。试验使用缠绕于磁芯上的线圈作为接收器,采用逐点测试方法获取Q235材料表面磁巴克豪森噪声信号分布图。通过这些信号分布图,得了材料磁化强度与巴克豪森噪声信号发射强度分布的关系,以及信号接收器位置对接收信号的影响。     

磁巴克豪森噪声重构磁滞参数的硬度测定方法EI北大核心CSCD

针对铁磁性材料硬度指标的快速、定量、无损检测的实际需求,揭示了材料微观结构变化对磁巴克豪森噪声信号的影响机理,提出了采用磁巴克豪森噪声重构磁滞参数作为无损定量评价材料力学性能硬度指标。采用不同热处理制度对45钢试件进行处理,得到一组具有硬度梯度的标定试件;通过比较标定试件上不同激励电压对磁巴克豪森检测系统灵敏度的影响,选择最佳激励电压;采用磁巴克豪森噪声检测技术对不同热处理标定试件进行检测,对检测信号数据进行后处理,得到磁巴克豪森噪声能量滞后周期循环曲线,即重构磁滞回线。计算不同热处理45钢标定试件4种重构磁滞参数,构建材料力学性能硬度指标、微观结构及4种重构磁滞参数之间的映射关系,得到磁巴克豪森噪声重构磁滞参数评价45钢硬度的标定模型,并对标定模型进行验证,标定模型预测硬度误差基本满足工程应用10%的指标要求。     

磁巴克豪森噪声重构磁滞参数的硬度测定方法

针对铁磁性材料硬度指标的快速、定量、无损检测的实际需求,揭示了材料微观结构变化对磁巴克豪森噪声信号的影响机理,提出了采用磁巴克豪森噪声重构磁滞参数作为无损定量评价材料力学性能硬度指标。采用不同热处理制度对45钢试件进行处理,得到一组具有硬度梯度的标定试件;通过比较标定试件上不同激励电压对磁巴克豪森检测系统灵敏度的影响,选择最佳激励电压;采用磁巴克豪森噪声检测技术对不同热处理标定试件进行检测,对检测信号数据进行后处理,得到磁巴克豪森噪声能量滞后周期循环曲线,即重构磁滞回线。计算不同热处理45钢标定试件4种重构磁滞参数,构建材料力学性能硬度指标、微观结构及4种重构磁滞参数之间的映射关系,得到磁巴克豪森噪声重构磁滞参数评价45钢硬度的标定模型,并对标定模型进行验证,标定模型预测硬度误差基本满足工程应用10%的指标要求。     

巴克豪森噪声在电站用铁磁材料疲劳寿命评估领域的研究现状

介绍了国内外应用巴克豪森噪声检测技术在电站用铁磁材料疲劳寿命评估中的研究状况。分析、总结巴克豪森噪声与显微结构特征的内在关系以及巴克豪森噪声疲劳寿命预测曲线的研究进展,并指出该技术存在的问题和今后发展的方向。     

基于磁巴克豪森噪声的S136钢表面硬度定量预测模型对比

表面硬度是铁磁性材料制造质量评价的重要指标,其无损定量检测是该领域的研究热点。为将磁巴克豪森噪声技术用于S136表面硬度的无损定量检测,利用实验室研制的磁巴克豪森噪声检测装置对60块具有不同表面硬度的S136试件进行重复性测试,统计测得多项磁参量的变异系数,结果表明检测装置具有良好的重复检测精度。为实现表面硬度的磁学定量表征,分析磁巴克豪森噪声和切向磁场强度检测信号的6项特征磁参量与硬度的关系,重点对比研究基于一元、多元线性回归和BP神经网络模型的表面硬度定量预测方法。研究结果显示:采用6项磁参量作为输入的BP神经网络模型对表面硬度的预测精度最高,对300个案例的平均预测误差仅为2.14%,最大误差约为11.74%,274个案例的预测误差小于5.00%。研究成果为实现钢板表面硬度的磁巴克豪森噪声无损定量检测提供了方法借鉴。     

角加速度信号自适应小波的去噪方法

针对多扰动、大负载环境下角加速度计输出信号中含有脉冲噪声和高斯白噪声的情况,提出一种改进的离散小波阈值法与中值滤波算法相结合的角加速度计信号自适应去噪算法。首先,使用中值滤波对原始信号进行去除脉冲噪声的预处理;其次,使用分解层数的自适应确定方法与改进的阈值选取准则,通过离散小波阈值去噪法去除高斯白噪声。仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效地提高信噪比,降低最小均方误差。实验结果表明,该算法既能去除分子型液环式角加速度计信号中噪声,又能很好地保留真实信号中的高动态部分。     

一种改进的转子振动信号消噪方法研究

为提高转子振动信号消噪方法的性能,通过分析噪声成分和对应消噪方法的特点,提出了一种基于改进中值滤波与小波包消噪技术相结合的信号降噪新方法.该方法首先根据信号采样频率计算中值滤波器的窗口宽度,从而可以有效滤除含噪信号中的脉冲噪声和部分白噪声;然后再用阈值及其处理函数都经过改进的自适应小波包消噪方法去除残留在信号中的白噪声,最终得到信噪比提高的振动信号.通过仿真信号和转子实验振动信号的降噪处理,对新方法的性能进行了验证.降噪结果表明,该方法在有效消除混合复杂噪声对振动信号干扰的同时,保留了故障信号的细节特征,比一般的小波域中值滤波降噪方法更为有效.     

基于最优小波包Shannon熵的再制造电机转子缺陷诊断技术

为了实现对再制造电机转子质量的有效监控,采用超声波技术对其内部缺陷进行检测与评价。引入滤波效果良好的最优小波包滤波法和对超声波信号噪声含量变化敏感的Shannon信息熵算法,定义一种新的最优小波包Shannon熵(Best wavelet packet Shannon entropy,BWPSE)的概念,并提出基于BWPSE的超声波信号消噪方法。对采集到的再制造电机转子超声检测信号进行最优小波包滤波处理,得到各尺度的小波包分解系数,在此基础上计算各尺度小波包分解系数的Shannon熵,通过分析小波包系数Shannon熵的变化规律确定分解层数及阈值。采用该方法对再制造电机转子超声检测信号进行消噪处理,结果表明该方法对噪声消除比较彻底,对比Sqtwolog阈值小波分析及Heursure阈值小波分析等其他信号消噪方法,该方法可显著提高再制造电机转子内部缺陷定量分析的准确度。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.