基于纹理的视觉伺服研究

不同于传统的基于点、线等几何特征和图矩等统计特征的图像伺服,本文提出了基于纹理的视觉伺服的方法.实验证明目标纹理特征变化能够提供机器人运动信息.本研究不仅是对视觉伺服理论、纹理研究的丰富与补充,具有重要的理论意义,在某些几何特征缺乏,仅有纹理特征场景中,也有实际应用价值.本文以摄像机两个自由度运动引起的图像纹理特征变化实验为例说明了该方法的可行性和实用性.     

基于彩色图像的高速目标单目位姿测量方法

针对风洞分离实验对于视觉测量系统的高精度、大视场、高速的测量要求,提出一种基于单目摄像机的风洞运动目标位姿测量方法。该方法利用单目摄像机进行运动目标位姿信息测量,相比于双目测量方法具有设备简单、视场大的优点。首先提出一种基于靶标特征点相互约束关系的参数优化方法,采用复合式靶标实现摄像机的快速高精度标定;针对目标运动图像处理,提出一种基于图像差叠法和标记点位置估计的图像快速分割与目标定位方法,实现图像特征的快速准确定位;针对单目测量要求及目标运动特性,提出一种基于方向估计标记点布局方式,实现合作标记点的快速识别和提取;最后利用单目视觉原理求解运动目标的位置和姿态信息,通过实验室模拟实验完成了测量系统的精度验证,在1 m×1 m视场范围内,其位移测量精度可达到0.19 mm,俯仰和偏航角测量精度可达到0.18°。     

基于多直线对应和加权最小二乘的位姿估计

为了求解复杂环境下目标的位姿,提出了基于多直线对应的加权最小二乘位姿估计算法。首先对模型直线进行等间隔采样,并沿采样点投影法线方向搜索图像点对应;然后利用图像点对应局部和全局特性对样本点进行加权;最后通过优化法向距离实现目标位姿的优化求解。为了解决模型-图像对应错误引起的优化失败问题,算法在模型-图像点匹配阶段为每个采样点保留多个图像点对应,通过随机Hough变换(RHT)算法将图像点对应约束在直线上,并为每条模型直线保留多图像直线对应。在对样本点进行加权时,综合考虑了样本点自身的属性和样本点同周围点的关系,有效提高了算法对纹理,背景,噪声等的鲁棒性。实验结果表明:提出的方法能够实现复杂环境下目标位姿的优化求解,其在x方向、y方向和z方向的角度估计误差分别优于0.4,0.3和0.1°;在垂直光轴方向和沿光轴方向的相对位置误差则分别优于0.03%和0.1%。相比单假设方法,提出的方法能够更有效地克服复杂背景干扰,实现特殊视图目标位姿的稳定估计。     

应用摄像机位姿估计的点云初始配准

基于摄像机位姿估计的数学模型,提出了一种检测摄像机位移前后目标图像特征点的方法,通过求解摄像机发生位移前后的相对位姿矩阵来解决应用视觉图像获得点云的初始配准问题。首先,介绍了摄像机位姿估计模型,包括本质矩阵、旋转矩阵以及平移矩阵;然后,介绍了SURF算子的特征点检测、描述和匹配的方法,在此基础上面向双目视觉和单目结构光系统,分别提出了摄像机位移前后目标图像SURF特征点匹配和深度估计模型;最后,分别进行双目视觉和单目结构光系统点云的获取、位移前后目标图像特征点检测匹配和深度估计实验,应用摄像机位姿估计模型求解旋转矩阵和位移矩阵,并对位移矩阵进行统计分析剔除粗差。实验中采用基于点云空间特征点和基于图像的方法进行对比,点云对应特征点均方误差缩小至12.46mm。实验结果验证了方法的可行性,表明本文的点云初始配准方法能较好地获得点云精确配准初值。     

基于正交消失点对的摄像机标定方法

为了提高摄像机的标定精度和灵活性,提出了基于正交消失点对的摄像机标定方法。该方法采用了摄像机线性模型,仅需设计制作简易的标定模板并以不同的视觉角度拍摄多幅(至少3幅)平面标定模板的图像,利用消失点的性质和标定模板的几何特征,从每幅标定模板图像中可获得正交消失点对与标定矩阵之间的2个几何约束条件,从而线性标定出所有摄像机内参数,通过仿真实验和真实实验验证了该方法具有较高的标定精度和鲁棒性。     

结构光视觉传感器通用现场标定方法

建立结构光视觉传感器通用数学模型,提出一种基于平面靶标的结构光视觉传感器结构参数标定新方法.在测量空间不同位置多次随意摆放平面靶标,结构光投射在靶标表面,摄像机拍摄靶标图像.利用靶标上特征点及对应的图像点求解靶标坐标系到摄像机坐标系的转换.根据靶标平面与图像平面之间的同射变换获得结构光标定点在靶标坐标系下的坐标,并统一到摄像机坐标系下,在此基础上拟合出结构光方程.该方法获得标定点效率高,能胜任点、线、曲面等任何模式结构光视觉传感器的现场标定.试验结果表明,该方法具有较高的标定精度.     

基于线结构光参考平面的多摄像机标定方法研究

多摄像机视觉测量系统中不同视觉传感器空间分布广,无公共视角,现场标定十分困难。针对多摄像机标定问题,研究了一种基于线结构光参考平面的灵活标定方法。标定过程中,以空间中同时覆盖相邻摄像机视角的结构光平面作为标定参考基准,在不同摄像机视角中,自由移动平面靶标多次,确保每次移动后靶标与结构光相交,并能在各自摄像机中清晰成像,摄像机拍摄靶标图像。提取靶标图像中角点坐标、激光光条特征点坐标。借助靶标平面与摄像机坐标系外部参数矩阵,求解激光光条特征点在对应摄像机坐标系中坐标。通过结构光基准平面内,不同摄像机坐标系中至少3组非共线特征点坐标信息,求解相邻摄像机外部参数。分别进行标定试验和精度验证试验,试验结果表明该方法切实可行。     

基于线结构光参考平面的多摄像机灵活标定方法研究

多摄像机视觉测量系统中不同视觉传感器空间分布广,无公共视角,现场标定十分困难。针对多摄像机标定问题,研究了一种基于线结构光参考平面的灵活标定方法。标定过程中,以空间中同时覆盖相邻摄像机视角的结构光平面作为标定参考基准,在不同摄像机视角中,自由移动平面靶标多次,确保每次移动后靶标与结构光相交,并能在各自摄像机中清晰成像,摄像机拍摄靶标图像。提取靶标图像中角点坐标、激光光条特征点坐标。借助靶标平面与摄像机坐标系外部参数矩阵,求解激光光条特征点在对应摄像机坐标系中坐标。通过结构光基准平面内,不同摄像机坐标系中至少3组非共线特征点坐标信息,求解相邻摄像机外部参数。分别进行标定试验和精度验证试验,试验结果表明该方法切实可行。     

一种新的摄像机线性标定方法

传统摄像机线性标定Faugeras方法具有简单易实现的优点,然而其模型在求解时未考虑摄像机的特性,只当成一般数学问题求解,造成误差较大,特别是求解的图像中心点与实际的图像中心有较大偏差。为此提出一种新的摄像机线性标定方法,把图像中心作为光轴中心点,在认为该参数已知的情况下,可有效避免其他参数产生较大误差。将参数分开求解,分步获得摄像机参数,并对部分参数进行优化。实验结果表明,提出的这种新的线性标定法相较于Faugeras方法有了一定提升,标定精度较高且计算速度较快。     

基于双线性滤波器的安防相机低照度去噪研究

针对安防监控摄像机在夜间拍摄时易产生噪声,以及所使用的图像去噪方法易产生图像边缘特征退化的问题,提出了一种基于图像像素值差的监控摄像机低照度去噪方法。通过计算像素值差,再下采样得到图像金字塔,以获得整体和局部像素值差的索引,由此设计了一种适用于低照度的去噪卷积核,以增加噪声对中间像素值的影响,实现低照度环境下图像噪点的消除并保留其边缘特征。实验表明,该方法在低照度场景实际应用中既去除了图像的噪点,又保留了边缘信息。与基于小波变换的算法相比,该方法明显提升了图像的主观评价质量,并在Imatest信噪比测试中提升了图像的亮度信噪比。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.