金黄色葡萄球菌生物传感检测方法研究

本文的目的是建立一种运用电化学免疫传感器快速检测金黄色葡萄球菌的方法。该传感器采用微间隙阵列电极作为基础电极,运用双抗夹心酶联免疫反应和酶催化银沉积反应实现分析信号放大。该方法特异性良好,对非目标菌株无交叉反应,检出限为10~4CFU/mL,线性范围为10~4～10~8CFU/mL,传感器的电导率与金黄色葡萄球菌浓度之间的线性关系较好,线性相关系数R~2=0.947。本研究证明,电化学免疫传感器快速检测金黄色葡萄球菌法具有检测速度快、操作简便、检测成本低等优点,为金黄色葡萄球菌的快速检测工作提供了一种有效手段。     

时间分辨免疫荧光法测定食物中鸡蛋过敏原蛋白成分

目的:建立双抗体夹心时间分辨免疫荧光法(TRFIA)用于测定食物中鸡蛋过敏原蛋白成分,为进出口食品鸡蛋过敏原成分检测提供技术基础.方法:提取鸡蛋过敏原总蛋白,免疫小鼠获得多克隆抗体,并以此抗体包被酶标板,采用生物素标记抗鸡蛋过敏原总蛋白抗体、Eu3+标记的链酶亲和素和以β-二酮体为主的增强液等试剂,建立双抗夹心TRFIA方法,用于检测10种食品中是否舍有鸡蛋蛋白成分.结果:鸡蛋总蛋白SDS-PAGE显示带大致有10条,其中主要条带有4条,分子量分别为71、55、38、14kDa;成功地研制出双抗体夹心TRFIA法检测食品中鸡蛋过敏原蛋白成分,具有特异性,其最低检出限为0.625ng/mL,标准曲线在12.5～640ng/mL范围内线性良好;8种食品检测结果与食物过敏原标签标注内容相符,而2种标示不详的食品检测结果均呈现阳性.结论:初步建立了检测食品中鸡蛋过敏原蛋白成分的双抗体夹心TRFIA,具有较好的特异性和灵敏度;该方法对于未标注鸡蛋过敏原成分的食品检测具有一定的实际应用价值.     

基于衍生化3-氨基-2-恶唑烷酮的夹心酶联免疫分析

建立一种3-氨基-2-恶唑烷酮（3-amino-2-oxazolidinone,AOZ）夹心免疫检测方法。通过1,6-己二醇连接2-硝基-4-羧基苯甲醛和生物素合成针对AOZ的新型衍生试剂。在样品前处理时加入衍生试剂可对AOZ进行衍生,衍生产率为89%。在酶标板上包被抗AOZ单克隆抗体并以辣根过氧化物酶标记的亲和素或抗生物素抗体作为第二结合物可实现AOZ的夹心酶联免疫吸附检测（enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay,ELISA）。从实际应用的角度,得到双抗夹心和抗体-亲和素夹心模式下两个表位的极限距离,分别为12?和13?,理想距离分别为16?和17?。在双抗夹心和抗体-亲和素夹心模式下的检出限分别达到1.8 pg/mL和0.8 pg/mL（以AOZ质量浓度计）,相对于竞争ELISA,其灵敏度最高提高了25倍。平均回收率为73%～85%,平均相对标准偏差为9.0%。     

电化学生物传感器在黄曲霉毒素检测中的研究进展

黄曲霉毒素是黄曲霉和寄生曲霉的次级代谢产物,具有剧毒性和严重的致癌性、致畸性和致突变性,摄入受黄曲霉毒素污染的农作物和食品会对人类和动物的身体健康造成极其严重的危害。基于十年来国内外的研究成果,从电化学传感机理方面概述了电化学生物传感器在黄曲霉毒素检测中的发展现状和应用前景,介绍了各类电化学生物传感器的工作原理、制备方法和检测性能。电化学生物传感器相比于传统的黄曲霉毒素检测方法,具有检测时间短、操作简单、成本低、便于微型化等优势。金纳米颗粒、碳纳米管等纳米材料的使用将进一步提高电化学生物传感器的灵敏度以及抗原或抗体的固定效率。超微电极技术、传感器阵列技术以及微流控技术的应用也将进一步提高电化学生物传感器在毒素检测中的性能。     

基于微间隙阵列电极传感器检测副溶血性弧菌的方法初探

目的建立电化学免疫传感器法快速检测副溶血性弧菌的分析方法。方法采用微间隙阵列电极作为基础电极,运用双抗夹心酶联免疫反应和酶催化银沉积反应实现分析信号放大,检测副溶血性弧菌。结果该方法特异性良好,对非目标菌株无交叉反应,对副溶血性弧菌的检出限为10~5 CFU/mL,线性范围为10~5~10~8CFU/mL,传感器的电导率与副溶血性弧菌浓度之间呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r~2=0.955。增菌6h后,只需2h即可完成检测。结论该方法具有检测速度快、操作简便、检测成本低等特点,为副溶血性弧菌的快速检测提供了一种有效手段。     

水牛乳和羊乳中掺伪牛乳高特异性酶联免疫检测方法

建立可检测水牛乳和羊乳中掺伪牛乳的双抗夹心酶联免疫检测方法。分别以牛Ig G和牛Ig G的Fc片段为抗原,制备抗牛Ig G的多克隆和高特异性单克隆抗体,并将以此蛋白作为包被抗体,构建双抗夹心ELISA方法。该方法标准曲线的IC50为4.3μg/m L,方法的灵敏度为0.1μg/m L。添加回收率在95%~105%之间,相对标准偏差小于12%。该方法无需复杂的前处理,检测时间为60 min,能准确检测水牛乳和羊乳中掺伪牛乳,避免了传统免疫方法在乳制品掺伪检测上的假阳性。     

电化学纳米免疫传感器在食品安全检测中的应用展望

电化学纳米免疫传感器具有检测快速、灵敏、操作简单等优点,在医药、食品、环境及生命科学等领域显 示了巨大的应用潜力。本文分析比较了电化学纳米免疫传感器与分析化学仪器检测、免疫检测、以聚合酶链式反应 为基础的分子生物学测定技术和基于表面等离子共振、生物薄膜干涉技术的检测方法的优缺点,讨论了电化学纳米 免疫传感器本身所面临的免疫结合信号放大处理和商业化应用的两个关键问题,最后,概述了纳米材料在免疫传感 器中的应用及电化学纳米免疫传感器在食品检测中的应用并对其在食品检测领域的未来发展作了展望。     

时间分辨免疫荧光法测定食物中花生过敏原成分

目的:建立双抗体夹心时间分辨荧光免疫法[Time-resolved Fluoroimmunoassay(TRFIA)]测定食物中花生过敏原蛋白成分,为进出口食品中花生过敏原成分检测和由花生导致的食物过敏性疾病的预防提供技术基础。方法:提取花生蛋白,免疫小鼠制备抗花生总蛋白的多克隆抗体,用该抗体包被酶标板,并用生物素标记该多抗作为捕捉抗体,Eu3+标记的链酶亲和素和以β-二酮体为主的增强液等试剂,建立双抗夹心TRFIA方法,检测该方法的灵敏度,同时用于13种食品中花生过敏原蛋白成分检测。结果:初步地研制出双抗体夹心TRFIA法检测食品中花生过敏原蛋白成分,具有特异性,和其最低检出限为0.1ng/mL,标准曲线在0.1～160ng/mL范围内线性良好;11种食品检测结果与食物过敏原标签标注内容相符,而2种标示不详的食品检测结果均呈现阳性。     

双抗体夹心ELISA法测定食物中花生过敏原蛋白成分

通过建立双抗体夹心ELISA法测定食物中花生过敏原蛋白成分,为进出口食品花生过敏原成分检测和由花生导致的食物过敏性疾病的预防提供技术基础.提取花生总蛋白,免疫小鼠制备抗花生总蛋白的多克隆抗体,用该抗体包被酶标板,并用生物素标记该多抗,从而建立双多抗体夹心ELISA法;自制花生总蛋白标准品并检测该方法的灵敏度,同时检测15种食品中是否含有花生蛋白成分.成功地研制出双抗体夹心ELISA法检测食品中花生过敏原蛋白成分,具有特异性,其最低检出限为8ng/mL,标准曲线在8 ng/mL～125 ng/mL范围内线性良好;13种食品检测结果与食物过敏原标签标注内容相符,而2种标示不详的食品检测结果均呈现阳性.     

MoS2纳米材料在食品检测中的研究进展

二硫化钼(MoS_2)纳米材料典型的"三层夹心"片层结构,使其具有特殊的物理、化学、光学、电学特性,也为其在食品检测中的应用奠定了基础。本文首先简单介绍了二硫化钼的不同制备方法,包括机械剥离法、液相剥离法等,化学气相沉积法和水热法,并对制备方法的优缺点和应用领域进行比较,然后综述了基于MoS_2纳米材料的检测方法在食品检测领域的研究现状,主要包括比色法、荧光法、电化学传感器、光纤传感器和基于场效应晶体管的传感器等新型检测方法,简单述评MoS_2的性能在检测中的应用,以及检测方法的特点、原理和应用,最后对展望了基于MoS_2的检测技术在食品检测中的发展前景,以及可能面临的挑战。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the