基于K-均值聚类的动态频谱接入技术

为了有效降低次用户接入授权信道时对主用户造成的干扰以及次用户被阻塞的概率,提出了一种基于K-均值聚类的动态频谱接入方法.该方法首先将关注的频谱划分为若干子信道,尔后对每个子信道进行特征提取,借助频谱特征,用K-均值算法对子信道进行聚类,将子信道分别纳入白色、灰色和黑色频谱池.次用户在接入信道时,重点选择白色频谱池中的信道接入.理沦分析和仿真结果表明,利用该方法能够有效降低次用户对主用户的干扰和次用户被阻塞的概率,提高信道接入效率.     

异构频谱环境下基于协商的机会频谱接入策略

文章在异构频谱环境下的分布式认知无线网络中,提出了一种基于协商（可用频谱信息交互）的机会频谱接入策略,对该策略的原理作了详细阐述。仿真结果表明,相比于随机信道选择接入机制,该频谱接入策略在吞吐量性能上有明显提升。     

超短波电台信道模型的仿真研究

无线信道的特性直接关系到为实现优质可靠地超短波电台通信必须采用的技术措施,因此分析研究无线信道模型对于超短波电台通信有着重要的意义。针对平坦开阔地形的超短波无线信道进行了研究,介绍了无线信道的特性以及多径衰落的信道模型和统计特征,描述了超短波无线信道模型的组成框架,结合应用实际进行了信道仿真与性能分析,得到信道模型的时域和频域特性,仿真结果表明该模型满足应用需求,可以应用于超短波电台的算法设计仿真。     

基于主动频谱感知接入的认知无线电台研究

讨论了所研制的工作于30-512 MHz的基于主动频谱感知接入的认知无线电台。该电台实现了认知无线电动态频谱接入最为关键的几大功能：频谱感知、频谱会合、频谱监视,以及频谱切换。试验结果表明,该电台具备在不依赖于公共控制信道的情况下自动寻找空闲信道建立链路的能力,也具备在当前通信信道上出现主用户信号或其他干扰信号时自动切换到其他空闲信道上继续通信的能力,为认知无线电技术的实用化提供了很好的借鉴。     

基于寡头定价的动态频谱接入控制

为了解决频谱接入中主用户和次级用户交互信息过程复杂的问题,提出了一种基于寡头定价的动态频谱接入控制算法。该算法利用博弈论建立寡头定价模型,通过控制次级用户的频谱接入过程以实现系统收益的最大化,算法只需一次用户信息交互,且无需建立公共控制信道,网络拓扑结构简单。通过比较帕累托最优与全局最优的关系,实验计算与性能分析证明了该算法的有效性。     

一种针对超短波电台接入网的混合信道接入方案

为超短波电台接入网提供了一种混合信道接入方案,方案借鉴了民用接入技术的一些先进理念,并结合军用跳频电台网络的特殊业务应用需求,采用了一种静态TDMA、动态TDMA和频分多址FDMA的混合信道接入策略,实现了多用户多业务传输的QOS保障,满足了军用业务的特殊传输需求。     

一种改进的认知无线电频谱接入策略

认知无线电（Cognitive Radio）网络中,次用户在不干扰主用户的情况下即时接入检测到的空闲频谱以提高频谱资源的利用率。基于部分可观测马尔科夫决策过程的最优频谱接入算法计算复杂度较高,而基于贪婪算法的次优接入策略具有自私性,都不能有效的提高频谱利用率。本文提出一种新的频谱接入算法,该算法对贪婪算法的自私性进行了改进。由于贪婪算法只关注信道当前时隙的瞬时奖励值,导致最大奖励值相同的信道可能会有多个,因此给瞬时奖励值加上这些信道下一时隙的奖励值后重新选择,直至次用户选择出奖励值最大的一个信道。仿真结果表明,相比于传统的贪婪算法,改进算法虽然增加了一些计算复杂度,但有效提高了系统的吞吐量。     

基于频谱数据库的分布式动态频谱接入算法

频谱数据库是一种直接获得频谱信息的方式,针对在复杂多变的网络环境中用户之间缺少信息交互,研究了数据库协助和没有数据库情况下的动态频谱接入算法。一方面,次用户通过历史感知数据估计信道的可用性而进行信道选择,另一方面,次用户通过数据库获得更加可靠的频谱信息从而做出策略。证明了用户之间的博弈是一个超模博弈,通过提出的分布式学习算法能收敛到一个纯策略纳什均衡点。仿真结果表明,提出的联合数据库感知算法和数据库协助算法比依靠感知的结果收敛更快,获得的系统吞吐量接近最大,减少了用户决策的时延,提高了频谱利用率。     

CVANET中基于POMDP模型的频谱接入算法

针对认知车载Ad Hoc网络(CVANET)信道的动态特性,以部分可观测马尔科夫决策过程(POMDP)为模型对认知车辆用户的频谱感知和频谱接入过程进行研究,提出基于POMDP模型的分布式机会频谱接入算法,并通过贪心算法降低POMDP算法计算量,最后通过仿真研究影响认知车辆用户吞吐量的主要因素,并验证算法的可行性。仿真分析结果表明,认知车辆用户通过本算法接入吞吐量得到有效提高,降低了交通中广播风暴的可能,并且降低了计算量。     

基于时间估计的动态频谱接入算法

基于先验知识模型,设计了基于信道剩余空闲时间估计的动态频谱接入算法：每个次用户根据感知历史维护信道剩余空闲时间的估计向量并周期进行更新,每个时隙开始时次用户选择剩余空闲时间估计最大的信道接入。对动态频谱接入算法的适应性问题进行了分析,并求得了次用户的最优传输时间长度。仿真结果表明,在给定的参数下,新算法的信道利用率比其他算法提高约5%-10%,同时对主用户的干扰保持最低。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks