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本文在分析江西省现状工业用水的基础上,结合近10年工业用水与经济发展的变化情况,采用库兹涅茨曲线分析方法,对江西省工业用水量变化趋势作了定性分析;另根据近10年工业用水水源情况,指出江西省工业用水水源变化趋势. 相似文献
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安徽省工业用水量变化影响因素分析 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
为探讨区域工业用水量变化的主导因素,以安徽省为例,采用对数平均迪氏指数法(LMDI)建立了工业用水恒等式,将工业用水影响效应划分为工业节水效应、经济规模效应、产业结构效应和用水强度效应,对安徽省2003—2011年总体及逐年的工业行业用水变化分别进行了因素分解计算和分析。结果表明,安徽省工业用水增长的主导促进因素是工业经济规模的增长,抑制因素主要是行业用水强度的不断下降,同时工业节水效应和产业结构效应也具有一定的抑制作用。研究成果可为制定安徽省工业用水规划提供决策依据。 相似文献
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社会经济的发展影响着工业用水量,为揭示两者发展关系利用环境库兹涅茨曲线(environmental Kuznets curve,EKC)进行拟合并预测。以宁夏为例,利用1980—2013年工业用水数据,采用参数和移动平均回归拟合,判断工业用水环境库兹涅茨曲线形状;并采取对数平均迪氏指数法(logarithmic mean Divisia index,LMDI)将工业用水影响效应分解为用水效率效应、产业结构效应和经济规模效应,定量解析宁夏工业用水环境库兹涅茨曲线形成机制;最后采用灰色预测模型定量预测宁夏未来工业用水EKC曲线的发展,探究其今后可能演变趋势。结果表明:1980—2013年宁夏工业用水EKC曲线为先增后减再增的"N"形曲线;根据LMDI分解结果,1994—1997年以及2004—2013年经济规模扩大所增用水量大于用水效率和产业结构效应所减用水量,用水量呈上升趋势,1997—2004年,工业用水强度继续提高以及产业结构朝节水方向的调整,使得两者所减水量高于经济规模扩大所增水量,用水量持续下降并在2004年达最低值,曲线由此呈"N"形;通过实际值和预测发现,未来宁夏工业用水EKC曲线呈下降趋势,EKC曲线形状的发展存在"M"形的可能。综合对宁夏工业用水EKC曲线的分析,揭示其形成原因和发展趋势,对宁夏水资源高效合理利用以及未来工业节水具有重要意义。 相似文献
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福建省近10年用水结构变化及驱动力分析 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
苏龙强 《水资源与水工程学报》2010,21(1):101-104
分析了1999~2008年福建省工、农业和生活用水等用水结构的变化及其驱动力因子。结果表明:福建省用水总量呈上升趋势,年均增加2.52×108m3;农业用水量及其所占比重逐渐减小,工业用水量及其所占比重递增,生活用水量增长缓慢,比重基本不变。用水结构的变化和全省产业结构变化相适应。耕地面积的减少和节水灌溉面积增加是农业用水减少的主要原因;工业产值的迅速增长和工业结构的调整共同促进了工业用水量的增加,工业用水重复利用率和万元工业增加值用水量水平的提高对工业用水具有负驱动作用;人口增长是生活用水逐年增加的主要驱动因子。 相似文献
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以榆林市工业用水为例谈西北干旱地区需水管理战略 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
需水管理是通过水行政管理者、用水户及水经营者等共同协作,促使不同部门形成科学用水模式,提高用水效率,优化资源配置。以地处西北干旱地区的榆林市为例,通过分析其多年工业用水数据,认为榆林市工业用水与人均GDP增长基本服从库兹涅茨曲线分布,并针对其工业用水量急剧增长、高耗水行业用水量偏大、总体用水效率低下、水污染严重等特征,从需水管理目标的制定与手段的实施等方面,对榆林市工业用水实施需水管理进行了探讨。 相似文献
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工业用水定额分析与研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
以杭州市为例,根据2000~2006年工业增加值与工业用水量资料,分别采用指数模型和年下降率法,建立一般工业用水指标预测模型,以此预测出未来不同水平年工业用水指标和工业用水量.通过与万元工业产值定额法预测的工业用水量进行比较,对确定的工业万元GDP用水指标进行了评价,说明本文提出的预测分析方法可行,对工业节水工作具有重要意义. 相似文献
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利用2001-2012年邢台市用水量资料,分析邢台市用水结构变化及演变趋势,总用水量相对稳定并呈递减趋势。农业用水比例较大,占总用水量的76.4%,由于开展农业节水和农业种植结构调整,使农业用水量呈下降趋势。工业用水相对稳定,工业开展节水和水资源重复利用,在用水量相对稳定的情况下,工业增加值大幅度增长。生活用水随着人口增加和生活水平的提高,使用水呈上升趋势。生态环境用水是从2002年开始的,随着人民生活水平的提高和对环境质量意识的加强,环境用水呈增加趋势。随着社会经济的快速发展,用水结构也发生了相应变化,不同行业用水量变化随着社会经济的发展,也会发生相应的变化。如农业用水逐渐减少,生活用水和生态用水逐渐增加,是社会经济发展的必然结果。分析用水结构变化特征与社会经济发展的关系,为社会经济发展规划和水资源利用规划提供科学依据。 相似文献
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国内外工业用水状况比较分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
20世纪中期世界总用水量迅速增长,到20世纪后期世界先进国家意识到水资源短缺的现实,通过各种方式达到工业用水零增长.在此期间中国工业用水也经历了快速增长、低速稳定增长阶段.由于对经济发展和用水需求的客观规律认识不清楚,在先前许多水资源规划中,一些地区工业需水预测值出现与实际用水不符的现象.为了更科学地进行我国的工业需水预测研究,本文对世界几个发达国家以及我国的工业用水变化情况进行研究,总结用水变化的原因,提出我国在工业需水预测方面存在的问题,为水资源规划和供水工程建设提供依据. 相似文献
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根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。 相似文献
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The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects. 相似文献
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In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment. 相似文献
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V. K. Konovalov O. V. Yashkin V. V. Ermakov 《Power Technology and Engineering (formerly Hydrotechnical Construction)》2008,42(2):105-109
A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed
in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash
and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers
of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional
components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect
dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system,
configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants
of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered.
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Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008). 相似文献
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Peter B. Bayley 《河流研究与利用》1991,6(2):75-86
The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed. 相似文献
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简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式,分析其原因,提出了相应的处理方法及措施,并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。 相似文献