Argon injection in FT tokamak plasma

H-like argon line spectra have been recorded by means of a high-resolution crystal spectrometer, following puff injection during a tokamak discharge, in a small range of temperature and density plasma conditions (T_e ? 1.2 keV, n_e ? 10¹⁴ cm^?3).Accurate wavelengths determination shows good agreement with theoretical predictions. Second order diffraction of He-like iron, occurring at the same Bragg angle, permits an interesting wavelength comparison.Argon line intensities have been computed, in order to determine both the $\text{Lyα}{}_2\text{Lyα}{}_1$ and the dielectronic satellite to resonance line ratios, the former showing a small increase over the usual 0.5 value towards the end of the discharge and the latter allowing the calculation of a plasma electron temperature in fairly good agreement with Thomson scattering measurements. Finally, the plasma ion temperature is deduced by Doppler broadening of the resonance lines.     

Argon plasma immersion ion implantation of polystyrene films

Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII), using bias voltages of 5, 10, 15 and 20 kV in an argon plasma and fluences in the range of 2 × 10¹⁴-2 × 10¹⁶ ions/cm², was applied to 100 nm polystyrene films coated on silicon wafer substrates. The etching kinetics and structural changes induced in the polystyrene films were investigated with ellipsometry, Raman and FTIR spectroscopies, optical and scanning electron microscopies, atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements. Effects such as carbonisation, oxidation and cross-linking were observed and their dependence on the applied bias voltage is reported. Variations in the etching rate during the PIII process and its relationship to carbonisation of the modified surface layer are explored.     

电子束辐照制备微孔阵列聚丙烯膜的研究

采用电子束辐照方法成功制备了微孔阵列聚丙烯(PP)膜,将微孔阵列掩膜覆盖在聚丙烯膜上,在电子束下进行辐照,然后将样品在蚀刻剂中进行蚀刻,即可得到微孔阵列聚丙烯膜,其孔径为200μm.在研究中采用XRD、GPC、DSC等仪器分别测定了不同剂量辐照的PP样品的结晶度和分子量,分析了它们可能存在的内在联系及其对蚀刻工艺的影响,并对不同方法测得的结晶度结果进行了对比;探讨了蚀刻时间、蚀刻温度、蚀刻剂浓度等因素对蚀刻结果的影响;使用电子拉力机测定了不同电子束辐照剂量PP膜的力学性能;采用电子显微镜对制备的微孔阵列聚丙烯膜图案和孔径进行了相关表征.     

Study of polypropylene/polybutene blends modified by gamma irradiation and (high melt strength polypropylene)/polybutene blends

It is well-known that polypropylene (PP) is difficult to process as a consequence of its linear structure. It is also known that grafting of long-chain branches on PP backbone using ionizing radiation is an effective approach to achieve high melt strength polypropylene (HMS PP). Chain-scission and, in minor extend, crosslinking and grafting are the predominant reaction in order to branch PP backbone. However, if multifunctional monomers are used to promote the grafting reaction, crosslinking can surpass chain scission and grafting, reducing drawability. Therefore, in an effort to enhance the processability and so the drawability, it has been found helpful to add a small amount of polybutene-1. Gamma irradiation technique was used to induce chemical changes in blends of PP and polybutene in acetylene atmosphere (crosslinker promoter) and in HMSPP/polybutene blends. The samples were irradiated with a ⁶⁰Co source with doses of 12.5 and 20 kGy in the presence of acetylene. In this work, two different methods of blends processing were compared regarding rheological and mechanical properties. Effects on the strength and elongation at the yield point and at rupture were observed by mechanical tests and showed decrease of tensile strength and increase of elongation at rupture for samples obtained by irradiation of blends. The results from rheology demonstrated an increase in melt strength and drawability of blends.     

紫外辐射引发聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐-苯乙烯的研究

将紫外辐射技术应用到本体接枝改性,成功制备了聚丙烯的马来酸酐-苯乙烯接枝物(PP-g-(MAH-co-St)),并用红外光谱对接枝物进行了表征.研究了紫外光辐照时间、单体及引发剂(BP)浓度等因素对接枝率及熔体流动速率的影响.结果显示,辐照时间为30 s时,接枝效果最佳.接枝率及熔体流动速率随BP含量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,分别在BP用量为0.6g/100g PP及0.4g/100g PP时达到最佳值.MAH及St浓度对接枝率及熔体流动速率的影响与BP浓度的影响相似,其最佳用量为4 g/100 g PP.St的存在对接枝反应有明显的改善作用.接枝物的热性能分析显示,接枝PP的结晶及熔融温度都有所变化,说明接枝反应对PP的晶体形貌及尺寸有显著影响.     

Stabilization of polypropylene, polypropylene blends with poly (styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene) under irradiation: A comparative investigation

The aim of this paper is to investigate the stabilization of polypropylene in the poly (styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene) (SEBS)/polypropylene (PP) blends under irradiation with respect to PP. The PP films, SEBS/PP films were subjected to electron beam irradiation and characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). It demonstrated that upon irradiation, the molecular weight of PP had a pronounced decrease due to the major chain scission, and the minor chain cross-linking or chain branching occurred at the higher irradiation dose. Stabilization of PP was improved in the presence of SEBS, exhibiting an enhanced irradiation resistance.     

Effect of electron beam irradiation sterilization on the biomedical poly (octene-co-ethylene)/polypropylene films

The effect of electron beam irradiation with the dose ranging from 15 to 40 kGy on poly (octene-co-ethylene) (POE)/polypropylene (PP) films was investigated. Wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), yellowness index testing and mechanical performance measurement were applied to characterize the films. It demonstrated that crystalline structure exhibited little change, and degree of crystallinity slightly change under the irradiation treatment. Irradiation brought about oxidation of the films, forming hydroxyl groups of the peroxides and carbonyl groups. Tensile properties become worse as irradiation dose increased. Electron beam irradiation with the dose of 15-40 kGy has little effect on crystalline performance and a little influence for the POE/PP films, indicating a good irradiation resistance.     

Modeling tungsten response under helium plasma irradiation: a review

Tungsten, a leading candidate for plasma-facing materials (PFM) in future fusion devices, will be exposed to high-flux low-energy helium plasma under the anticipated fusion operation conditions. In the past two decades, experiments have revealed that exposure to helium plasma strongly modifies the surface morphology and hence the sputtering, thermal and other properties of tungsten, posing a serious danger to the performance and lifetime of tungsten and the steady-state operation of plasma. In this article, we provide a review of modeling and simulation efforts on the long-term evolution of helium bubbles, surface morphology, and property changes of tungsten exposed to low-energy helium plasma. The current gap and outstanding challenges to establish a predictive modeling capability for dynamic evolution of PFM are discussed.     

Field emission property of nanostructured tungsten formed by helium plasma irradiation

Field emission property of nanostructured tungsten formed by the exposure to a helium plasma is measured to investigate the initiation process of arcing in nuclear fusion devices. Field emission current from the nanostructured tungsten and tungsten with helium bubbles was significantly higher than that from the polished tungsten specimen. However, field enhancement factor was on the order of 100, which was almost comparable to that of bulk tungsten; the increase in the field emission current is attributed to primarily an increase in the effective emission surface area. From the calculation of thermo-field emission current from a heated tungsten, it is thought that a significant current emission can be still initiated even when the field enhancement factor is not so high when tungsten is exposed to high density plasmas such as the one accompanied with ELMs.     

Estimation of plasma density perturbation from dusty plasma injection by laser irradiation on tungsten target in DiPS

To investigate the interaction of dusty plasma with magnetized plasmas at divertor plasma simulator, radial profiles of plasma density(ne) and electron temperature were measured in terms of plasma discharge currents and magnetic flux intensity by using a fast scanning probes system with triple tips. Dusty plasma with dusts(a generation rate of 3 μg s~(-1) and a size of 1–10 μm)was produced via interactions between a high-power laser beam and a full tungsten target. As ne increases, the scale of the effects of dusty plasma injection on magnetized plasmas was decreased. Also, the duration of transient fluctuation was reduced. For numerical estimation of plasma density perturbation due to dusty plasma injection, the result was ~10% at a core region of the magnetized plasma with n_e of(2–5)×10~(11) cm~(-3) at steady state condition.     

Argon irradiation damage at a Cu/Al2O3 interface for different alumina structures

The evolution of damages at a Cu/Al₂O₃ device interface after Ar⁺ irradiation, depending on alumina structure, and the effect of surface roughness on sputtering have been studied. A polycrystalline Cu/Al₂O₃ bilayer and polycrystalline Cu on amorphous alumina were irradiated with 400 keV Ar⁺ ion beam at doses ranging from 5 × 10¹⁶ to 10¹⁷ Ar⁺/cm² at room temperature. The copper layer thicknesses were between 100 and 200 nm. RBS analysis was used to characterize the interface modification and to deduce the sputtering yield of copper. The SEM technique was used to control the surface topography. A RBS computer simulation program was used to reproduce experimental spectra and to follow the concentration profile evolutions of different elements before and after ion irradiation. A modified TRIM calculation program which takes into account the sputtering yield evolution as well as the concentration variation versus dose gives a satisfactory reproduction of the experimental argon distribution. The surface roughness effect on sputtering and the alumina structure influence at the interface on mixing mechanisms are discussed.     

Argon ion surface erosion of niobium

Experiments were performed on the surface erosion of polycrystalline niobium by a beam of 15 keV argon ions. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the existence of various surface irregularities. Cones were observed and their evolution as a function of dose was studied. A ledge migration mechanism based on preferential sputtering rates of certain grains in a polycrystalline material is suggested to account for some of the characteristics of the cone development.     

Modeling of the impurity-induced silicon nanocone growth by low energy helium plasma irradiation

The formation mechanism of nanocone structure on silicon(Si) surface irradiated by helium plasma has been investigated by experiments and simulations. Impurity(molybdenum)aggregated as shields on Si was found to be a key factor to form a high density of nanocone in our previous study. Here to concrete this theory, a simulation work has been developed with SURO code based on the impurity concentration measurement of the nanocones by using electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The formation process of the nanocone from a flat surface was presented. The modeling structure under an inclining ion incident direction was in good agreement with the experimental result. Moreover, the redeposition effect was proposed as another important process of nanocone formation based on results from the comparison of the cone diameter and sputtering yield between cases with and without the redeposition effect.     

Research on Argon Vacuum Arc Discharge

正Ion source is the kernel part of electromagnetic isotope separator.For the yeilding-type separator the beam current of the ion source need be large,and usually gas discharge is adopted for producing plasma containing enumerous ions,which could form ion beam by extracting electrodes.Gas ion source is one kind of the intense     

Operation of a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

For the first time, the operation of a three-dimensional liquid argon time projection chamber has been demonstrated. This was accomplished in a 50 liter test detector using a readout plane with a woven structure etched on a PC-board.     

气相色谱法测定水中溶解氩

采用真空释放气相谱法测定水中溶解氩。制定了新的色谱分析流程，以氢作载气，用一段催化剂柱和一段吸附分离柱，分离了氩－氧重叠峰，测得纯氩。装置简单，操作方便，测量范围为１０－２００μＬ／Ｌ，回收率约为９９．１％－１０２．６％，测定的相对误差小于±５％。     

Performance Characteristics of Potassium Heat Pipe Loaded with Argon

The influence of inert gas on performance characteristics of liquid metal heat pipe was experimentally studied over a wide range of gas loading. In this experiment, potassium was used as a working fluid and argon was loaded in the heat pipe. The loading amount of argon ranged in initial pressure 10^?2～10²Torr at room temperature. As the results, the followings became evident.

During a start-up, an axial heat flux of the heat pipe is reduced from that corresponding to the sonic vapor flow by the presence of inert gas accumulating in the condenser section. In the region of high initial gas pressure, an over-all thermal conductance of the heat pipe can be described with the model due to “flat-front”, but, with decreasing initial gas pressure, the over-all thermal conductance deviates from the theoretical values obtained from the flat-front model and approaches to that corresponding to the sonic vapor flow. Also, the over-all thermal conductance is influenced by the effect of the gravitational force on the wick pumping ability of the heat pipe and the decrease of the thermal conductance depends on the initial gas pressure.