贵阳地区菜籽油制油小作坊塑化剂迁移规律及储存影响研究

目的 研究贵阳地区菜籽油制油小作坊中原料、油渣、毛油和成品油的塑化剂含量及其迁移规律,并研究不同储存条件对塑料瓶装菜籽油中塑化剂迁移和变化的影响。方法 采用试验分析法对贵阳地区菜籽油制油小作坊的原料、油渣、毛油和成品油进行塑化剂含量监测。通过对比不同阶段的塑化剂含量变化,研究塑化剂在制油过程中的迁移规律。同时,设置不同储存温度、时间和光照条件,对聚乙烯（polyethylene,PE）和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（polyethylene terephthalate,PET）两种塑料瓶装菜籽油进行储存试验,分析储存条件对塑化剂迁移和变化的影响。结果 共检出邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(butyl benzyl phthalate,BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（di n butyl phthalate,DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯（di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate,DEHP）、邻苯二甲酸二己酯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二(2-甲氧基)乙酯6种塑化剂,菜籽原料部分受到塑化剂的污染,但风险较低;成品油存在塑化剂超标风险,不合格率为15.63%,4个样品DBP不合格,两个样品DEHP不合格,成品油中塑化剂平均含量会随着加工和储存过程而逐渐增加;在储存试验中,光照对塑化剂的迁移影响不大,而储存时间和温度是影响塑化剂迁移的主要因素。随着储存时间和温度的增加,瓶装菜籽油中塑化剂的含量呈增加趋势,尤其在储存时间达90 d、温度大于35℃时,塑化剂含量增加明显。主要迁移的塑化剂种类为DBP和DEHP。PE材质储存菜籽油塑化剂的迁移量普遍大于PET材质,虽然所有样品的塑化剂迁移量均满足国标要求,但PE瓶装菜籽油中DBP含量已接近规定限量值,存在一定风险。结论 贵阳地区菜籽油制油小作坊在制油过程中存在塑化剂迁移现象,且成品油存在塑化剂超标风险。不同储存条件对塑料瓶装菜籽油中塑化剂的迁移和变化具有显著影响。因此,为确保菜籽油的质量安全,消费者、生产企业和监管部门需密切关注塑化剂问题,并采取有效措施加以控制。     

分子蒸馏法脱除油脂中塑化剂效果的研究

研究了利用分子蒸馏法脱除油脂中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂(PAEC)的工艺条件和脱除效果。结果显示,在刮膜转速190 r/min,进料速率50滴/min、蒸馏温度200℃的分子蒸馏条件下,油脂中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(DEHP)的脱除率分别达到46.5%、68.1%、96.0%、97.3%、71.5%,残留量分别为0.927、0.536、0.246、0.179、0.853 mg/kg。DBP、DEHP残留量达到并优于国标限量要求(≤0.3 mg/kg、≤1.5 mg/kg)。与水蒸汽蒸馏法脱除植物油脂中塑化剂相比,分子蒸馏法能在较低温度和很短时间条件下高效脱除油脂中的PAEs,尤其是对DBP和DEHP的脱除效果显著。     

GC-MS法测定白酒中DBP、DEHP、DINP含量的不确定度评定

邻苯二甲酸盐对人体健康有一定的威胁,因此食品及饮品中其含量有一定的限度,这类化合物性质类似植物油且有一定的挥发性,因此采取GC-MS法测定白酒中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DINP)等邻苯二甲酸盐的含量,并对对白酒中DBP,DEHP,DINP测量结果的不确定度进行了评定。结果表明,白酒样品中DBP,DEHP,DINP含量的合成不确定度和扩展不确定度分别为0.004 mg/kg,0.008 mg/kg,0.004 mg/kg和0.008 mg/kg,0.016 mg/kg,0.008 mg/kg。     

青岛市市北区居民主要邻苯二甲酸酯类物质膳食暴露水平及其风险评估

目的分析青岛市北区主要食品中邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)含量水平,计算本区居民膳食暴露水平并进行初步风险评估。方法全区采集7类样品共281份,采用气相色谱-质谱法测定食品中DEHP和DBP的含量。利用食品中DEHP和DBP的平均含量,同时结合居民平均食物消费量,计算7类食品的DEHP和DBP的膳食暴露水平,并分别与DEHP和DBP的每日可耐受摄入量(tolerable daily intake,TDI)比较,初步评估市北区居民主要食品中DEHP和DBP的暴露风险。结果 7类食品中DEHP和DBP的含量范围分别为0.00~5.90和0.00~7.20 mg/kg BW。市北区居民经7类食品中DEHP和DBP暴露量分别为0.006 927和0.005 558mg/kg BW,均未超过相应的TDI。结论市北区居民经7类食品摄入DEHP和DBP的的健康风险较低。     

不同制作工艺对猪油理化与风味品质的影响

通过猪油品质对比分析优化猪油制备工艺。将猪肥膘和猪板油按2 个质量比（1∶4和2∶3）混合,考察加水量及炼制温度对猪油感官品质、酸价和过氧化值的影响;采用气相色谱-质谱联用和电子舌技术分析以最佳工艺制作的2 种猪油风味间的差别。结果表明：猪油的最佳制作工艺为加水量2%、炼制温度160 ℃、炼制时间15 min;2 种猪油中共鉴定出75 种风味化合物,包括酮类、醛类、酸类、醇类、酯类、烷烃和其他杂环化合物共7 类,2 个不同原料配比猪油样品中各风味物质的种类及含量存在差异,醛类化合物含量均较高,其次是酸类及醇类化合物;电子舌检测结果表明,2 种猪油挥发性风味差异显著,猪肥膘、猪板油质量比1∶4的样品滋味优于猪肥膘、猪板油质量比2∶3的样品。炼制原料、炼制工艺对猪油成品的感官、理化及风味品质有显著影响。     

奶茶杯内膜中增塑剂含量的检测分析

采用高效液相色谱法测定奶茶杯内膜材料中的邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二辛脂(DOP)3种增塑剂向脂溶性模拟液(牛奶、植物油、异辛烷)中的迁移溶出量。结果表明,奶茶杯内膜材料经过脂溶性模拟液浸泡后有DEHP和DBP的检出,DOP未检出,DBP检出量在欧盟指令2007/19/EC的规定范围内,DEHP检出量远大于英国农渔食品部规定的的每日耐受量。     

塑料食品接触材料中邻苯二甲酸酯的迁移研究

邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)是塑料中常用的一类添加剂,对人体的免疫系统、生殖系统、神经系统都有一定的伤害。以塑料食品接触材料为研究对象,通过10%乙醇、4%乙酸、50%乙醇和异辛烷为食品模拟物研究邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二环己酯(DCHP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)迁移。结果表明:DBP是最容易迁移出的一种增塑剂,在四种模拟物中DBP迁出量大小依次为异辛烷50%乙醇4%乙酸10%乙醇。PAEs迁移量随着接触时间的延长和接触温度的升高而增加。     

烟台市居民经饮料和白酒摄入邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的风险评估

目的通过对烟台市居民饮料及白酒中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)含量检测分析,计算烟台市居民膳食暴露风险并进行初步评价。方法在烟台市采集饮料和白酒样品共385份,采用气相色谱-质谱法测定饮料及白酒中DBP和DEHP的含量。利用饮料及白酒中DBP和DEHP的平均含量,结合居民平均食物消费量,计算烟台市居民经饮料和白酒摄入的DBP和DEHP水平,并分别与DBP和DEHP的每日可耐受摄入量(TDI)进行比较,初步评估烟台市居民经饮料及白酒摄入的DBP和DEHP的健康风险。结果饮料及白酒中DBP和DEHP含量范围分别为未检出(ND)~4.106和ND~3.285 mg/kg。烟台市居民饮料和白酒中DBP和DEHP暴露量分别为0.038和0.031μg/kg BW,远远低于健康指导值。结论烟台市居民经饮料及白酒摄入DBP和DEHP的健康风险较低。     

温度对食品级PVC中4种增塑剂迁移量的影响

以食品包装材料聚氯乙烯(PVC)为研究对象,研究PVC中邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)4种增塑剂在30℃～80℃条件下,水、乙酸、乙醇、正己烷4种模拟液中的迁移情况。结果表明,此4种增塑剂都在正己烷的环境下迁移量最大,并且在各种食品模拟液中的迁移量均随温度的升高而增大。     

复合调味料中邻苯二甲酸酯污染分析和风险控制研究

为调研市场上复合调味料中塑化剂污染水平并提出风险控制方法,本实验通过外标法对市场上60种复合调味料及其70种原料样品中的3种常见邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DINP)进行检测;利用气相色谱-质谱联用法对市场上16种包装材料、生产用塑料制品中常见的DBP、DEHP、DINP的含量以及18种邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)化合物的迁移量进行测定。结果表明,DBP、DEHP、DINP在复合调味料产品和原料中均有检出,其中DBP的检出率和超标率最高,而生产和包装塑料制品中,有18种PAEs未检出。复合调味料的超标率46.7%,DBP最大值7.91 mg·kg^-1;原料超标率40.0%,DBP最大值31.50 mg·kg^-1。通过分析发现PAEs的污染途径主要包括原料带入的直接污染和产品接触中迁移的间接污染两大类。复合调味料企业需通过识别污染途径,加强原材料和供应商管理,加强生产过程监控等方式,建立PAEs的风险控制系统方案,从而有效降低PAEs风险,保证产品安全。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the