高生物量富硒酵母菌的选育

以酿酒酵母PT为出发菌株,采用梯度浓度筛选的方法对其进行驯化,得到1株生物量较高和对亚硒酸钠抗性较高的菌株GB-1。对其进行紫外诱变处理,当致死率达91.85%时,获得多株突变株。通过多次平板初筛和摇瓶复筛,得到1株高生物量富硒酵母UV-PT。采用响应面法对富硒酵母UV-PT发酵条件进行了优化。借助于SAS软件,首先利用Plackett-Burman试验设计筛选出影响富硒的3个主要因素,即转速、温度、初始pH值。在此基础上,再利用Box-Behnken试验设计及响应面分析法对发酵条件进行优化,确定最佳发酵条件:转速为203r/min,发酵温度为30.3℃,初始pH值为4.52。结果表明,优化后富硒酵母的生物量和含硒量分别为10.62g/L、1003.26μg/g,硒总含量为10654.62μg/L,为出发菌株的1.62倍。     

高生物量富硒酵母菌的选育

以酿酒酵母PT为出发菌株,采用梯度浓度筛选的方法对其进行驯化,得到1株生物量较高和对亚硒酸钠抗性较高的菌株GB-1.对其进行紫外诱变处理,当致死率达91.85%时,获得多株突变株.通过多次平板初筛和摇瓶复筛,得到1株高生物量富硒酵母UV-PT.采用响应面法对富硒酵母UV-PT发酵条件进行了优化.借助于SAS软件,首先利用Plaekett-Burman试验设计筛选出影响富硒的3个主要因素,即转速、温度、初始pH值.在此基础上,再利用Box-Behnken试验设计及响应面分析法对发酵条件进行优化,确定最佳发酵条件:转速为203r/min,发酵温度为30.3℃,初始PH值为4.52.结果表明,优化后富硒酵母的生物量和含硒量分别为10.62g/L、1003.26ug/g,硒总含量为10654.62ug/L,为出发菌株的1.62倍.     

富硒乳酸菌发酵条件的研究

通过单因素试验和L27(313)正交试验,确定了乳酸菌富硒的最佳发酵条件.正交试验结果表明,影响乳酸菌总硒量的主要因素是培养温度、接种量、亚硒酸钠浓度和培养温度与接种量的一次交互作用.最佳发酵条件为培养基初始pH为6.6,亚硒酸钠浓度为18 μg/mL,装液量为150 mL/250 mL三角瓶,接种量5.5%,培养温度 42 ℃,培养时间45.5 h.在此优化条件下,富硒乳酸菌生物量可达6.85 g/L,细胞硒含量达1100 μg/g,硒总含量可达7536 μg/L,细胞硒含量的92.15%为有机硒.     

富硒酵母的分离鉴定及富硒条件的优化

富硒酵母生产发酵食品是补充硒元素的有效方法,以实验室保存的酵母菌为材料,通过选择培养基平板稀释法,分离纯化得 到四株富硒酵母,经形态学和分子生物学鉴定,初步鉴定菌株Z4、Z5、Z7、Z9均为库德毕赤酵母（Pichia kudriavzevii）。 通过对比四株菌 的生长曲线及富硒能力,发现Z5菌株生长状况最好,选取接种量、碳源（葡萄糖）和氮源（蛋白胨）添加量作为单一因素,通过单因素 试验和正交试验,探究各影响因素对菌株Z5富硒能力的影响。 结果表明,Z5菌株的最佳富硒发酵条件为接种量10%,葡萄糖2.4%,蛋 白胨1.8%。 在此最佳条件下,菌株Z5生物量为9.63 g/L,总硒含量可达到862 μg/g。     

啤酒酵母的富硒条件和效果研究

研究了硒添加量、接种量、培养时间及装液量对啤酒酵母富硒作用的影响。结果表明，培养基中的硒添加量是影响啤酒酵母富硒效果的最主要因素，在初步确定的优化培养条件下（硒添加量20mg／L，接种量5％，培养时间20h，装液量60mL／250mL三角瓶），富硒酵母中的硒含量达920．3μg／g，硒总含量达4038．7μg／L，富硒效果较好。     

富硒乳酸菌的制备

课题以嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)、动物双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium animals)、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermopiles)作为供试菌株,进行富硒发酵试验,测定菌株的富硒能力及确定其适宜硒浓度。采用单因素试验和正交试验优化了益生菌的培养基组成。采用响应面法研究了富硒益生菌的发酵工艺,获得了富硒菌粉。结果显示:(1)在选购的4种乳酸菌中,嗜酸乳杆菌的富硒能力最强,且硒添加量为0～1 000 mg/kg时,嗜酸乳杆菌冻干粉的活菌数均能达到千亿级(即1×1012);优化的益生菌的培养基配方为蔗糖5%、蛋白胨与酵母膏的总添加量0.35%、蛋白胨-酵母膏比例3∶2、K2HPO4的总添加量0.1%;(2)优化嗜酸乳杆菌的最佳富硒工艺,并进行验证试验:菌种硒含量为2 902.81 mg/kg,加硒量为15.30 mg/kg,加硒时间为6.64 h。在此条件下,富硒益生菌产品得率为498.46 mg/kg,硒含量为13 039.62 mg/kg。     

高生物量富硒产朊假丝酵母培养基优化

对富硒产朊假丝酵母发酵培养基进行优化,获得高生物量富硒酵母。从6种发酵培养基中确定G改良培养基为最佳培养基。利用Plackett-Burman设计法从影响富硒产朊假丝酵母生长的12个因子中筛选出葡萄糖、蛋白胨、KH2PO4、CuSO4添加量这4个关键因子。再利用Box-Behnken试验设计及响应面分析法确定关键因子的最佳水平及交互作用。试验得出各关键因子的最优组合为葡萄糖30 g/L、蛋白胨17 g/L、KH2PO4 6.5 g/L、CuSO4 0.01 g/L。结果表明,培养基优化后酵母生物量为12.01 g/L,有机硒含量为1 337.46 μg/g,谷胱甘肽为134.27 mg/L。将培养基中亚硒酸钠添加量由25 μg/mL提高至30 μg/mL,酵母生物量为11.21 g/L,有机硒为1 673.32 μg/g,谷胱甘肽为126.80 mg/L。     

富硒冬虫夏草发酵工艺优化

采用冬虫夏草作为富硒的载体,啤酒糟为基质,进行富硒冬虫夏草液态深层发酵试验,研究冬虫夏草对无机硒的生物转化能力.利用正交试验设计,对富硒冬虫夏草液态深层发酵条件如摇床转速、接种量、pH等进行了优化.结果表明,冬虫夏草能在含有低质量浓度亚硒酸钠（10～25mg/L）的培养基中生长,并在菌丝体内富集硒,最佳发酵工艺为摇床频率180r/min、培养10d的条件下,装液量50mL/250mL,pH值为7.0,接种量15％,温度20℃,亚硒酸钠质量浓度25 mg/L,啤酒糟质量浓度20 mg/L.在此优化的发酵条件下,富硒冬虫夏草菌丝体总富硒量为5808.20 μg/L.     

富锗酵母培养条件优化及分析

该研究通过向麦芽汁培养基中添加GeO2培养啤酒酵母的方法来制备富锗酵母.测定富锗酵母的生物量及锗含量来评价其品质.对培养条件进行了优化.确定培养条件为:培养温度28℃,摇床转速200r/min,培养基锗离子添加浓度为100mg/L,培养基的装液量80mL/250mL三角瓶,种子液接种量10％(v/v),培养基初始pH值为为6.0,培养时间60h.优化培养条件制备所得的富锗酵母生物量可以达到(3.85+0.17)g/L,而其锗含量可以达(758.6+31.6)μg/g,其中有机锗含量为92.8％.采用红外光谱法分析空白酵母粉和富锗酵母粉,比较酵母富集Ge元素前后红外吸收峰的变化.     

梯棱羊肚菌富硒条件优化工艺研究

为得到梯棱羊肚菌最佳富硒条件,在硒浓度、装液量、发酵时间及pH值单因素试验的基础上,以菌丝生物量及富硒率为指标,通过L_9(3~4)正交试验筛选出梯棱羊肚菌最佳液体富硒条件。结果表明:梯棱羊肚菌最佳液体富硒培养条件为:硒浓度20.0 mg/L、装液量125.0 mL/250.0 mL、发酵时间8 d、pH值为7.0,在此条件下菌丝生物量达到11.304 g/L,硒含量为0.683 mg/g,富硒率为37.15%。结果可为富硒羊肚菌液体菌种制备及羊肚菌富硒液体深层发酵提供参考。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the