铝罐冲杯质量与模具的研究

本文介绍铝罐冲杯工艺,着重讨论冲杯质量与冲杯模具的关系,以及模具国产化的进展情况。     

影响杯突试验数据因素的分析

在GBS-60型半自动数显杯突试验机上，通过对油桶板不同批次和不同厚度试样的检验，找出了影响杯突值准确性的主要因素-试样厚度、压边力和冲杯速度，以便更好地执行GB4156—84《金属杯突试验方法》。     

深冲用冷轧钢板冲压性能指标问题

在五、六十年代，有些国家标准，用艾利克逊杯突值代表钢板的冲压性能，直至今日，独联体的标准FocTIO51O－74艾氏杯突试验IF）仍存在。在POCTgO45－SO（冷冲压用冷轧低碳钢薄钢板）中还用艾氏杯突值代表冲压性能，但在实践中，往往发现杯突值合格的，对某些冲制．零件冲废率相当高。反之，杯突值不合格的，对某些零件，冲压废品并不高。许多国家标准中已不再用艾氏杯突值指标。我国过去制定的YBZ15－64深冲压用冷轧薄钢板，据生产厂认为达到该标准的难度很高，要求必保项目有化学成分，拉力试验、交货状态硬度、冷弯、晶粒度、艾氏…     

汽车钢板二次加工脆化试验及其在宝钢的应用

汽车钢板二次加工脆化试验是评价汽车钢板使用性能的一项重要试验.评价指标一般采用二次加工脆化温度(DBTT).选具有代表性的汽车用宝钢IF钢板,取不同的试验样杯尺寸、样杯拉延比、样杯圆角半径、冲制样杯时润滑剂、落锤高度等,对汽车钢板二次加工脆化试验的影响因素进行研究.并将宝钢原有的试验方法与GM9920P试验方法及试验结果进行对比分析,得出了两者的近似换算关系.本研究在完善GM9920P标准的同时,创建了宝钢的GM二次加工脆化试验方法,以"GM二次加工脆化检验作业指导书"的形式给出.     

工艺对铌片机械性能的影响

本文论述了粉末冶金方法研究工艺条件,对铌片机械性能的影响。试验表明,用粒形复杂的电容器级铌粉和-120目冶金粉末为原料,其杯突值提高1-1.5mm;换向轧制利于涤冲,提高杯突值0.5mm;退火温度和加工量对杯突值无明显改变。     

家电用彩涂钢板耐蚀性研究

使用传统的盐雾试验方法,结合产品用途和特点,采用不同的试样制备方式,对家电用彩涂钢板的耐蚀性进行了较为深入的研究.通过对家电彩涂板平板、划线、切口、折弯、冲压等类型盐雾试验的比较,研究了不同涂层、不同基板、不同镀锌量等对家电彩涂钢板耐蚀性的影响.研究结果表明:随着镀锌量的增加,家电彩涂钢板在耐涂层起泡、折弯处锈蚀、切口腐蚀蔓延等方面的耐蚀性增加;在改进金属漆系列彩涂钢板耐切口腐蚀能力方面,提高基板镀锌量是最有效的措施;随着冲杯力和冲杯深度的增加,彩涂家电钢板的切口耐蚀性降低.     

IF钢二次加工脆化性能的评定与研究

针对IF钢板成形后出现的加工脆化现象,对马钢生产的冷轧IF钢二次加工脆化进行检验评定。试验结果表明:马钢IF钢的韧脆转变温度为-60℃,冲杯破裂断口为沿晶与解理混合脆性断口,并对影响IF钢二次加工脆性的因素进行了阐述。     

专利名称：一种钼杯电极

本实用新型涉及一种冷阴极荧光灯管用的钼杯电极。钼杯电极包括筒状杯体和杯底，其特征在于：所述杯体壁沿轴向设有接缝，所述接缝之间设有一个或一个以上倒扣结构相互卡合，所述杯体下缘设有与之局部相连的尾翼水平内折构成所述杯底。本实用新型的钼杯电极可以采用钼板材经冲剪成型的工艺生产，极大地简化了生产工艺，生产效率也更高，大大地降低了钼杯电极的成本和价格，使冷阴极灯管整体价格下降，提高了产品的市场竞争力。     

烧结杯试验系统的设计进展

概述了近年来新设计的烧结杯试验系统的主要特点,介绍了烧结杯试验系统主要设备的性能参数及设计进步,并简要介绍了烧结杯试验监控系统的设计进展.     

烧结杯试验系统精细化控制探讨

在长期试验实践的基础上,分析了烧结杯试验过程中存在的问题,并从原料准备阶段、烧结过程控制、烧结试样处理、技术经济指标计算4个方面对烧结杯试验过程精细化控制进行了探讨。且针对这4个方面中所存在的问题提出了相关建议,倡导烧结杯试验系统试验标准的建立,规范试验过程,提高烧结杯试验的模拟性,指导工业生产。     

Formability of Fe-Mn-C Twinning Induced Plasticity Steel

A comparative analysis of formability was investigated between Fe-Mn-C twinning induced plasticity steel with different Mn contents and interstitial-free steel. Tensile test combing with the morphology of fracture reveals that element Mn is helpful for the forming of inclusion or particles with film or rod shapes inducing the crack initiation and propagation. During stamping process, twinning induced plasticity steel without earing shows better anisotropy than interstitial-free steel because a typical <111> fiber texture forms accompanied by a weaker <100> fiber texture. The difference between the two steels is not evident during Erichsen cone cupping test, but the result of cone cupping test indicates that the twinning induced plasticity steel has superior drawing ability compared with interstitial-free steel. The different performances can be attributed to the different deformation mechanism during cupping test. FLD (forming limit diagram) of tested steels further suggests twinning induced plasticity steel has slightly superior deep drawability but low stretchability than that of IF steel, whose FLD₀ value can reach 30%.     

800 MPa级TRIP钢窄搭接焊接工艺研究

通过杯突试验、表面质量观察、焊缝金相组织分析,研究了800MPa级TRIP钢的焊接工艺性能。实验结果表明,焊接前无需预热处理;随着焊接电流的降低,焊缝表面起皮缺陷减轻;采用低电流、低焊接速度的合理匹配,并投入后退火工艺,焊缝熔合线区金相组织为贝氏体,可获得合格的杯突试验和优异的焊缝表面质量;试验钢焊接工艺选择与普材搭接焊接可获得最佳焊缝质量焊缝。     

热输入对S43932超纯铁素体不锈钢焊接接头组织性能的影响

对1.0 mm厚度的S43932不锈钢冷轧板分别进行88、101、132、188 J/mm的钨极氩弧焊焊接,研究了焊接区的显微形貌和相组成。详细分析了垂直焊缝、平行焊缝和带缺口焊缝试样的拉伸性能及焊缝杯突试验结果,当热输入为101 J/mm时,焊接接头具有最佳的拉伸及成形性能匹配,之后随热输入＞101 J/mm,焊接接头抗拉强度和埃里克森杯突值急剧下降。焊接接头良好的力学性能与焊接区小尺寸晶粒的形成及大量富Ti(Nb,Ti)(C,N)相的析出有关。     

冷轧薄板表面粗糙度微观形貌的测试分析

对喷丸毛化、电火花毛化、激光毛化三种工艺处理后的轧辊轧制的冷轧薄板，由GBS-60杯突试验机进行冲压成形，用扫描电镜进行了观察分析，对比其变形前、后的微观表面粗糙度形态特征。结果表明，扫描图像与测试的粗糙度参数值相吻合，并能形象、直观地反映出粗糙度的均匀性；从变形后的扫描图像可以分析钢板的塑性变形行为。     

S32760超级双相不锈钢冷轧板的组织和性能

设计及制备了2mm厚S32760超级双相不锈钢冷轧板。对国产及进口冷轧板的化学成分、常温力学性能、金相组织、杯突值、应变硬化指数、腐蚀性能及焊接性能进行了对比测试。结果表明,国产板材各项性能指标达到ASEMSA240标准及工程指标要求,与进口板材相当,可以替代进口产品用于相关设备的生产及制造。     

The relationship between deterioration and reversal of optic disc cupping in monkeys with chronic experimental high-pressure glaucoma

PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation between the deterioration in optic disc cupping during the chronic elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) and the reversal of cupping during a subsequent reduction in IOP in experimental glaucoma. METHODS: We examined changes in the vertical and horizontal cup to disc ratios, the rim area to disc area ratio, and the cup volume to disc area ratio in 11 monkey eyes with laser-induced glaucoma using computerized stereo-image analysis. Correlations between changes in disc parameters during a spontaneous IOP reduction and changes in disc parameters during a period of chronic IOP elevation from baseline before laser exposure (baseline) to before the IOP reduction (pre-IOP reduction) and during the period from baseline to after the reduction in IOP (post-IOP reduction) were determined by linear regression analysis. RESULTS: All disc parameters improved significantly during IOP reduction and deteriorated significantly during the periods from baseline to the pre-IOP reduction and from baseline to the post-IOP reduction. The degree of reversal in disc parameters was correlated with the deterioration from baseline to the pre-IOP reduction and from baseline to the post-IOP reduction in the vertical cup to disc ratio (r = 0.68, P = 0.0218 and r = 0.97, P < 0.0001, respectively), the horizontal cup to disc ratio (r = 0.57, P = 0.0649 and r = 0.98, P < 0.0001, respectively), the rim area to disc area ratio (r = 0.68, P = 0.0227 and r = 0.98, P < 0.0001, respectively), and the cup volume to disc area ratio (r = 0.67, P = 0.0256 and r = 0.88, P = 0.0004, respectively). CONCLUSION: The degree of deterioration in cupping from baseline before the induction of glaucoma may be an important determinant of the degree of cupping reversal during subsequent reductions in IOP in primate glaucoma.     

The cupped disc. Who needs neuroimaging?

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of positive neuroradiologic studies in consecutive patients with glaucoma associated with normal intraocular pressure and to compare the psychophysical and clinical characteristics of these eyes with eyes with disc cupping associated with intracranial masses. DESIGN: Retrospective case-controlled study. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-two eyes of 29 patients with glaucoma associated with normal intraocular pressure and 44 eyes of 28 control patients with compressive lesions were reviewed. INTERVENTION: The medical records of consecutive glaucoma patients with normal intraocular pressure who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scanning as part of a diagnostic evaluation between January 1, 1985, and July 1, 1995, were reviewed. A masked reading of optic nerve photographs and visual fields was performed by one observer. A similar analysis was performed on a control group of consecutive patients with nonglaucomatous optic nerve cupping with known intracranial mass lesions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The neuroradiologic findings, clinical characteristics, optic nerve head appearance, and patterns of visual field loss were compared between groups. RESULTS: None of the patients diagnosed with glaucoma had neuroradiologic evidence of a mass lesion involving the anterior visual pathway. Compared to control subjects, patients with glaucoma were older (P = 0.0001), had better visual acuity (P = 0.002), greater vertical loss of neuroretinal rim tissue (P = 0.0001), more frequent optic disc hemorrhages (P = 0.01), less neuroretinal rim pallor (P = 0.0001), and more nerve fiber bundle visual field defects aligned at the horizontal midline (P = 0.0001). Visual acuity less than 20/40, vertically aligned visual field defects, optic nerve pallor in excess of cupping, and age younger than 50 years were 77%, 81%, 90%, and 93% specific for nonglaucomatous cupping associated with compressive lesions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior visual pathway compression is an uncommon finding in the neuroradiologic evaluation of patients with a presumptive diagnosis of normal-tension glaucoma. Younger age, lower levels of visual acuity, vertically aligned visual field defects, and neuroretinal rim pallor may increase the likelihood of identifying an intracranial mass lesion.     

Long-term epinephrine therapy of ocular hypertension

Nineteen patients with symmetrical ocular hypertension and symmetrical cupping of the optic nerves were made asymmetric with respect to intraocular pressure for one to five years by unilateral topical treatment with epinephrine hydrochloride. Development of glaucomatous visual field defects was observed in 32% of the untreated eyes and in none of the treated eyes (P less than .05). Progressive cupping of the optic nerve was noted in 53% of the untreated eyes and in 11% of the treated eyes (P less than .025). Evidence of glaucomatous damage was observed more frequently in subjects maintained on this regimen for longer periods and in subjects with initial horizontal cup/disc ratios greater than 0.4 (P less than .05). None of the eyes, either treated or untreated, with mean intraocular pressures less than 24 mm Hg developed glaucomatous damage during the period of this study.     

Comparative Study on Failure Prediction in Warm Forming Processes of Mg Alloy Sheet by the FEM and Ductile Fracture Criteria

An important concern in metal forming is whether the desired deformation can be accomplished without any failure of the material, even at elevated temperatures. This paper describes the utilization of ductile fracture criteria in conjunction with the finite element (FE) method for predicting the onset of fracture in warm metal working processes of magnesium alloy sheets. The uniaxial tensile tests of AZ31 alloy sheets with a thickness of 3 mm and FE simulations were performed to calculate the critical damage values for three kinds of ductile fracture criteria. The critical damage values for each criterion were expressed as the function of strain rate at various temperatures. In order to find out the best criterion for failure prediction, Erichsen cupping tests under isothermal conditions were carried out at various temperatures and punch velocities. Based on the plastic deformation histories obtained from FE analysis of the Erichsen cupping tests and the critical damage value curves, the initiation time and location of fracture were predicted under bi-axial tensile conditions. As a result, Cockcroft–Latham’s criterion showed good agreement with the experiments.     

Extended Forming Limits using Laser‐assisted Hydroforming

The motivation of the presented research work was to provide an approach to reduce the high fluid pressures and clamping forces needed in hydroforming presses to cup small form elements. Using local heating, small form elements like domes and creases can be formed at very low pressures of 2‐3 MPa, whereas cold forming requires pressures which are 20‐50 times higher. Apart from the proportion of forming temperature and work pressure, temperature distribution is very important, and can be adjusted by a special laser beam shaping optic or scanning processing head. The second method is more flexible in regard to element sizes and outlines, but has a lower thermal efficiency. Line network analyses were carried out showing great improvements in the resulting strain distribution. In order to characterise the general improvement of the material's formability, forming limit curves (FLC) were generated, using the bulge‐test. The results prove the extended forming limit of the laser‐assisted warm cupping process. For the investigations different materials were used: the deep drawing steel DC05, the aluminium alloy 5182 and the magnesium alloy AZ31.