聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及其光催化性能（英文）

以碳纳米管(CNT)为模板,采用原位聚合法合成了聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合材料,采用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、红外光谱和能谱分析对产物进行了表征。通过光催化降解甲基橙实验,对所制备的PANI/CNT复合材料的光催化活性进行了考察。结果表明,产物是由聚苯胺均匀包裹在碳纳米管上构成的一种纳米复合材料,管径约60~80 nm。聚苯胺/碳纳米管作为光催化剂表现出较高的可见光催化活性。当碳纳米管和聚苯胺的摩尔比为30%时,在可见光照射下,甲基橙的降解率最高。     

SF煤/聚苯胺导电复合材料结构表征

采用FTIR，X衍射和SEM等分析测试手段对在位聚合法制得的SF煤／聚苯胺导电复合材料的官能团结构、结晶性、外观形貌以及煤与聚苯胺之间的化学作用进行了分析，SEM分析发现，SF煤／聚苯胺复合物颗粒外型与SF煤相似，这表明聚苯胺是以SF煤为模板聚合的；FTIR分析表明，苯胺在聚合过程中和SF煤发生了化学作用，形成了更大的共轭体系；X衍射分析表明，苯胺在煤中聚合生成了较多低聚合度的聚苯胺晶粒，这些晶粒与SF煤发生了较为稳定的复合。     

聚苯胺改性负载型纳米二氧化钛的研究

采用悬浮聚合法制备聚苯乙烯微珠载体,通过矿化接枝技术将溶胶-凝胶法制备的纳米二氧化钛负载在微珠载体上,制成负载型纳米二氧化钛光催化剂。利用导电聚苯胺对负载型纳米二氧化钛光催化剂进行可见光改性研究,通过XRD,SEM等方法对负载型纳米二氧化钛光催化剂进行表征;通过光催化降解甲基橙实验评价了导电聚苯胺改性负载型纳米二氧化钛光催化剂在可见光条件下的光催化活性。实验结果表明：导电聚苯胺对负载型纳米二氧化钛光催化剂的改性,可有效改善负载型纳米二氧化钛光催化剂在可见光条件下的光催化性能,降解率提高了24.5%。     

聚苯胺的发展及其防腐性能研究

聚苯胺由于其良好的性能受到广泛的关注。首先综述了聚苯胺在国内外的发展的概况,以聚苯胺的独特性能、化学结构、聚合机理以及聚合工艺作为出发点,研究了聚苯胺的防腐机理及其应用,并且对将来聚苯胺的生产工艺流程和新型的聚苯胺复合材料的防腐涂层制备技术的研究方向进行了展望。     

聚苯胺/二氧化钛复合微粒的光催化性能研究

利用原位聚合的方法制备出聚苯胺/二氧化钛复合材料。透射电镜、X射线衍射分析表征表明，聚苯胺修饰后的纳米二氧化钛形貌、晶型和粒径基本没有发生改变；紫外可见漫反射吸收光谱表征表明，PANI/TiO₂纳米复合微粒在可见光区的光吸收能力增强。当苯胺与二氧化钛的摩尔比为1:100，盐酸浓度为2 mol/L，可见光光催化效果最好。经过10次的稳定性循环测试后，降解率能保持在42%，说明复合材料有一定的稳定性。二氧化钛表面的聚苯胺能够吸收可见光的光子产生电子p-p*跃迁，聚苯胺的电子输运性可以有效分离光生电子-空穴对，降低电子-空穴复合的几率，提高了光催化活性。     

聚氨酯/聚苯胺抗静电涂料的制备与性能研究

先以IPDI和聚醚二元醇为原料合成聚氨酯，然后加入通过氧化还原引发聚合制备得到的聚苯胺，获得了聚氨酯／聚苯胺抗静电复合材料，研究了聚苯胺含量对共聚物材料抗静电性能和力学性能及热学性能的影响。并用红外谱图、扫描电镜、TGA和DSC对此材料进行了表征。研究表明经聚苯胺改性的聚氨酯材料的热稳定性及力学性能均有所提高，该聚氨酯-聚苯胺复合材料作为抗静电涂料完全可以满足要求。     

聚苯胺尼龙导电织物的制备及其传感性能

采用低温原位聚合法在尼龙织物表面形成一层聚苯胺导电材料，并用场发射扫描电子显微镜和显微拉曼成像光谱仪对其形貌及化学组成进行表征，用万用表和电化学工作站测试其导电性能。结果表明，聚苯胺聚合在尼龙织物的表面，赋予织物较好的导电性，织物电导率为31.62 S/m。聚苯胺尼龙织物的电阻随应变的增大而增大，当应变回复到初始状态时，织物电阻逐渐恢复并接近初始值，在3500次拉伸-回复循环后仍有96.2%的高循环稳定性。作为导电织物，聚苯胺尼龙织物具有良好的传感性能，在0~15%应变范围内可以准确监测人体的关节运动。同时，聚苯胺尼龙导电织物也具有热电性能，织物的塞贝克系数为8.406μV/K，有望作为温差传感器。     

电化学合成聚苯胺的研究概况

聚苯胺是目前研究最为广泛的导电高分子材料之一.综述了电化学方法合成聚苯胺的研究概况,包括电解液的pH、苯胺单体浓度、掺杂酸的种类、聚合电位、聚合电流密度、循环伏安扫描的次数、速率以及扫描上限、扫描方式等工艺条件对聚苯胺膜的制备及其性能的影响.并对聚苯胺的研究前景进行了展望.     

溶胀处理煤对煤结构与煤基聚苯胺导电性影响

首次选用苯胺为溶剂对神府煤(SFC)进行溶胀处理,以研究其对煤结构与煤基聚苯胺导电性的影响,对其结构进行TG/DSC、FTIR和SEM分析,并通过溶胀SFC处理煤为聚合基体,在苯胺和引发剂条件下聚合为煤基聚苯胺,测定了其导电率。结果表明:苯胺溶胀处理破坏了煤中非共价键,降低了煤的交联缔合度,疏松了煤的孔结构,在此条件下的煤基聚苯胺的导电率均小于溶胀处理前原煤为聚合基体的煤基聚苯胺导电率,这与煤大分子网络结构受到一定程度破坏有关,这可为煤基聚苯胺的扩大化生产提供重要参考。     

聚苯胺／聚乙烯醇复合材料结构分析

复合技术是一种有效提高聚苯胺综合性能的方法.采用原位聚合法制备了溶解性较好的聚苯胺/聚乙烯醇复合材料.通过扫描电镜分析重点研究了聚苯胺/聚乙烯醇复合材料的结构.结果表明:聚苯胺能够在聚乙烯醇基体上均匀的聚合,且结构致密.     

液体橡胶的制备方法

液体橡胶作为低分子功能性聚合物,在塑料加工等领域具有广阔的应用前景。介绍了单体聚合和橡胶降解制备液体橡胶的方法,单体聚合法包括自由基乳液聚合、自由基溶液聚合、负离子聚合、正离子聚合等,橡胶降解法主要包括氧化降解、光催化降解、微生物降解等,提出液体橡胶的研究方向为探索新的合成技术及聚合体系,降低生产成本,改进后处理工艺,充分回收溶剂,走绿色环保加工之路。     

DEGRADATION RATE OF WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMERS BY OZONE

Water-soluble polymers were degraded by ozone, and the degradation rate defined by the change of weight average polymerization degree per unit time was obtained. The degradation rate of poly(oxyethylene) (PEG) was proportional to the 1.5 to 2.0 power of the polymerization degree, and was 20 to 60 times that of poly(acrylamide) (PAAm). The experimental results of PEG and PAAm were correlated as a function of polymerization degree, temperature, dissolved ozone concentration and OH^- ion concentration. The degradation rate of poly(sodium acrylate)(PANa) was proportional to the 2.0 power of the polymerization degree when no other electrolyte was added. However, the degradation rate of PANa decreased with the increase in NaCl concentration, and approached that of PAAm in the range of high NaCl concentrations.     

DEGRADATION RATE OF WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMERS BY OZONE

Water-soluble polymers were degraded by ozone, and the degradation rate defined by the change of weight average polymerization degree per unit time was obtained. The degradation rate of poly(oxyethylene) (PEG) was proportional to the 1.5 to 2.0 power of the polymerization degree, and was 20 to 60 times that of poly(acrylamide) (PAAm). The experimental results of PEG and PAAm were correlated as a function of polymerization degree, temperature, dissolved ozone concentration and OH^? ion concentration. The degradation rate of poly(sodium acrylate)(PANa) was proportional to the 2.0 power of the polymerization degree when no other electrolyte was added. However, the degradation rate of PANa decreased with the increase in NaCl concentration, and approached that of PAAm in the range of high NaCl concentrations.     

甲氧基硅烷在丁苯合成树脂的研究

以苯乙烯、丁二烯为单体，N—BuLi为引发剂，环己烷为溶剂，甲基三甲氧基硅烷为偶联剂，通过负离子聚合和偶联反应，制备含有多种嵌段水平的星形r苯透明抗冲树脂。并初步探讨了偶联剂加入量、加料次数、温度、时间和基峰分子量与偶联效率、支化度（臂数）的关系。     

聚DL-乳酸的合成与降解性能研究

以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,采用丙交酯的开环聚合法合成了聚DL-乳酸（PDLLA）,并采用正交试验法分析了反应温度、聚合时间和催化剂用量等因素对聚合产物相对分子质量的影响。探讨了聚DL-乳酸在20～120min、180～210℃及不同环境中的热降解性能,研究了聚合物存体外模拟的生物环境中的降解特性。结果表明,当聚合温度为165℃,聚合时间为46h,催化剂用量为0．03％时聚乳酸的相对分子质量可达到21．4×10^4。在一定温度下,聚DL-乳酸的相对分子质量随热降解时间的延长而下降;聚乳酸在空气中的热降解速率比在真空中的热降解速率快。     

Cationic degradation of poly (cyclohexene sulfide)

Summary The polymerization of cyclohexene sulfide initiated by triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate is quantitative in a few minutes (at 0°C) but is followed by a complete degradation of the polymer to cyclic tetramer and an equimolar mixture of a 1,2,5-trithiepane derivative and cyclohexene. Also poly(cyclohexene sulfide), obtained by coordinative polymerization, degrades to the same compounds when it is treated with a trace of triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate. The active species for the polymerization as well as for the degradation is believed to be the thiiranium ion. A revised mechanism for the trithiepane formation is proposed.     

Degradation of Alginate and Polymerization of Styrene Initiated by Alginate Macroradicals under Ultrasonic Irradiation

Ultrasonic irradiation is a promising method used for polymer degradation and polymerization. In this study, the degradation of alginate under ultrasonic irradiation was investigated. The macroradicals produced in the degradation process were used to initiate polymerization of styrene without adding any initiators and surfactants, and copolymers of styrene and alginate were obtained. The amphiphilic copolymers could form nano particles in aqueous solutions. A hydrophobic drug, ibuprofen, was loaded onto the copolymer gels for controlled release. The results showed that the hydrophobically modified alginate had higher drug loading and prolonged release time compared to those of the neat alginate.     

Polymerization of trithiane

The catalytic solid-state polymerization of trithane to polythiomethylene has been studied. The polymerization can be initiated by wide varieties of substances such as metal salts, halogen, and active organic halides. The polymerization proceeds in solid-state without topochemical process. The catalytic irreversible degradation of polythiomethylene to dimethyl sulfide and carbon disulfide has been observed.     

The effect of chemistry on the polymerization, thermo-mechanical properties and degradation rate of poly(β-amino ester) networks

Poly(β-amino ester) networks are gaining attention as a scaffold material for tissue engineering applications where it is important to have tailorable degradation rate and elastic modulus. The objective of this work is to characterize and understand the relationships between chemical structure, polymerization, thermo-mechanical properties, and degradation in poly(β-amino esters) networks. The networks were synthesized from a primary amine with systematically varied molar ratios and chemical structures of diacrylates. Fundamental trends were established between the chemical structure, conversion during polymerization, macromer molecular weight, rubbery modulus, and degradation rate. The thermo-mechanical properties were dependent upon both polymerization steps. The rubbery modulus was tailorable over a range of several MPa by changing molar ratio and diacrylate molecular weight. The degradation rate ranged from hours to months depending upon the composition. Select chemical structures showed degradation rate independent of modulus. This work provides a basis for designing poly(β-amino esters) networks with specific thermo-mechanical properties and degradation rates for biomedical scaffolds.     

可聚合表面活性剂及其乳液聚合

本文介绍了乳化剂在乳液聚合中的作用，可聚合表面活性剂的典型品种，特性及在乳液聚合中的影响。