Different carbon‐based fillers such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphite, and thermally reduced graphene oxide (TrGO) are melt mixed with an isotactic poly(propylene) (iPP) and the mechanical properties of the resulting composites in the solid and melt state are analyzed. The Young's modulus of composites is increased around 25% relative to the neat iPP at concentrations above 10 wt% of CNTs or graphite whereas composites with TrGO are increased around 40% at similar concentrations. These results are compared with theoretical models showing that the filler agglomeration and surface area are key parameters. The rheological results of the composites under oscillatory shear conditions at the melt state show that the viscous raw polymer melt experiences a solid‐like transition at a threshold concentration that strongly depends on the filler used. This transition appears at 10 wt% for CNTs, 8 wt% for TrGO, and 40 wt% for graphite. The viscosity of iPP/TrGO composites is further increased by adding CNTs particles, although the Young's modulus does not increase.
This paper reports results on experimental investigation of the conductivity behavior of carbon fiber filled polymer composites at the percolation threshold. Two types of carbon fiber‐epoxy matrix composites have been studied and comparison of the measured data has been made. These two types of composites differ in the surface modification of carbon fibers (in one case the surface of carbon fibers is covered with polymer beads using the microencapsulation technology, in the other their surface stayed unmodified). Experimental data reveal that surface modification of carbon fibers influences greatly the DC conductivity (percolation threshold moves to higher concentrations) but does not influence the AC electrical properties. From the frequency dependence of conductivity upon fiber concentration it becomes clear that it is not possible to predict the high frequency conductivity (electromagnetic interference shielding properties) based on the DC conductivity. Percolation behavior of conductivity as a function of conductive filler concentration is typical only for DC or low frequency AC conductivity. The percolation threshold gradually vanishes for high frequencies of electromagnetic field. The temperature dependence of electrical properties has also been studied. Composites with concentration near the percolation threshold show the switch‐off effect (at the specific temperature the DC conductivity drops by several orders of magnitude). This switch‐off effect does not occur for high frequency AC conductivity. 相似文献
We fabricated a piezoresistive composite using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a conductive filler and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a polymer matrix, which operated in the extremely small pressure range required for finger-sensing. To achieve a homogeneous dispersion of MWCNTs in PDMS, the MWCNTs were modified by a polymer wrapping method using poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). The percolation threshold of the composites was significantly lowered by the presence of P3HT. The electrical conductivity and piezoresistive sensitivity of the composite were found to strongly depend on the P3HT concentration. The well-dispersed P3HT-MWCNT/PDMS composite showed good piezoresistive characteristics in the 0–0.12 MPa pressure range. 相似文献
Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites were prepared by melt compounding, following two different compatibilization strategies that involved non-covalent interactions between the matrix and the filler. The first approach involved grafting pyridine aromatic moieties on the maleated polyolefin backbone, which are able to interact by π–π stacking with the surface of the nanotubes. The second method implemented non-covalent/non-specific surface functionalization of the MWCNTs with a hyperbranched polyethylene (HBPE). The enhanced interfacial interactions established in the composites containing LLDPE functionalized with pyridine grafts improved the dispersion of the nanotubes within the polymer matrix. Dispersion was also favoured by higher matrix viscosity. Composites containing finely dispersed MWCNTs exhibited an increase in the rheological and electrical percolation thresholds, and a significant improvement in mechanical properties. On the contrary the composites based on the low viscosity matrix contained large amounts of aggregates, which promoted lower percolation thresholds. Manipulation of matrix viscosity and compatibilization resulted in composites with good mechanical properties, and low percolation thresholds. 相似文献
A new method was developed to disperse carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a matrix polymer and then to prepare composites by melt processing technique. Due to high surface energy and strong adsorptive states of nano-materials, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were adsorbed onto the surface of polymer powders by spraying SWNT aqueous suspected solution onto fine high density polyethylene (HDPE) powders. The dried SWNTs/powders were blended in a twin-screw mixture, and the resulting composites exhibited a uniformly dispersion of SWNTs in the matrix polymer. The electrical conductivity and the rheological behavior of these composites were investigated. At low frequencies, complex viscosities become almost independent of the frequency as nanotubes loading being more than 1.5 wt%, suggesting an onset of solid-like behavior and hence a rheological percolation threshold at the loading level. However, the electrical percolation threshold is ∼4 wt% of nanotube loading. This difference in the percolation thresholds is understood in terms of the smaller nanotube-nanotube distance required for electrical conductivity as compared to that required to impede polymer mobility. The measurements of mechanical properties indicate that this processing method can obviously improve the tensile strength and the modulus of the composites. 相似文献
The electrical and mechanical behaviors of carbon black‐filled. Poly(vinyl acetate) latex‐based polymer composites were examined. These composites were found to exhibit percolation thresholds in electrical conductivity near 2 vol% carbon black due to their segregated microstructures. Storage modulus and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) both exhibited discontinuities at 10 vol% carbon black, corresponding to a critical pigment volume concentration. Drying composites at 60°C rather than room temperature produced a higher percolation threshold and better mechanical properties at carbon black loadings above 10 vol% carbon black. A figure of merit was proposed to assess the balance of electrical conductivity, storage modulus and UTS. The figure of merit exhibited a peak value at 10 vol% for composites dried at room temperature and was shifted to higher carbon black concentrations when composites were dried at 60°C. 相似文献
Semicrystalline syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) composites with carbon nanocapsule (CNC) and carbon nanotube (CNT) fillers were prepared and good filler dispersion confirmed by electron microscopy. Their rheological and electrical properties were investigated to reveal the effect of filler aspect ratio. Amorphous atactic polystyrene (aPS) was used to prepare composites with a CNT filler to elucidate the effect of matrix tacticity. Percolation scaling laws are applied and the threshold concentration and exponent are determined. Above a threshold, the magnitudes of storage modulus (G′) and conductivity are related to the level of percolation network as well as the intrinsic properties of the matrix and filler. Master curves are obtained provided that an appropriate percolation function is selected. Different scaling laws are validated for the G′ and conductivity results.Composites with CNTs show a much lower threshold than those with CNCs. A lower threshold is derived from the G′ results compared to that obtained from the conductivity data regardless of the filler aspect ratio and matrix tacticity. Owing to the pronounced nucleating effects of CNT, crystalline sPS composites exhibit a four times larger conductivity threshold compared to their amorphous aPS counterparts, although their rheological thresholds are similar. 相似文献
Flexible, light‐weight, and wearable electronics have significant potential for the development of Internet of Things. Flexible sensors with tunable piezoresistive properties are in high demand for various practical applications. Herein, different morphology thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/ carbon nanostructure (CNS) composites with segregated network are obtained by swelling the TPU powders using various solvents. The better solvent for TPU, dimethylformamide (DMF), renders the composites with 0.7 wt% CNS stronger polymer‐filler interactions, resulting in significantly improved piezoresistive sensitivity at strain larger than 150%. Also the gauge factors (GFs) for these composites are 9.7 in the range 0–60% strain and 19.3 for 60–100% strain. In contrast, the composites with ethanol (EtOH) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) which swell less the TPU show delayed increase in piezoresistivity and GFs of 2.2 and 3.5 for strain up to 100%, respectively, suggesting potential applications for stretchable conductors. 相似文献