砂浆力学性能与其断口分形维数关系的研究

对4种不同配比、3种不同养护期的砂浆的抗压性能差异性进行了检测;用投影覆盖法编程计算了砂浆断面的表面分形维数,并考察了它与抗压强度之间的关系。结果表明,不同的配比、不同的养护期均会对砂浆的抗压强度产生影响,由实验结果分析得出最优配比和最优养护期;砂浆断口的分形维数介于2.7~3,相关系数均大于0.9,分形维数与抗压强度呈正相关关系,验证了用分形理论分析建筑砂浆力学性能的可行性。     

水泥砂浆断面形貌像素点法与投影法分形的计算对比研究

为对比分析像素点覆盖法和投影覆盖法计算水泥砂浆断口分形维数的优缺点,采用这2种方法分别计算水泥砂浆在3种不同养护龄期下的断面分形维数,探索分形维数与抗压强度之间的关系。结果表明,像素点覆盖法计算得到的断口分形维数为2.258 0～2.265 6,相关系数为0.988 6～0.989 3,计算精确度高,数值变化区间小;投影覆盖法计算得到的断口分形维数为2.856 0～2.918 9,相关系数为0.921 4～0.935 2,计算精度较差,但数值变化区间大,有利于实际应用,与抗压强度呈良好相关性。     

非定向有机玻璃拉伸断口形貌与拉伸温度相关性分析EI北大核心CSCD

为探究非定向有机玻璃断口定量表征方法及其断口形貌参数与拉伸温度的相关性,以航空有机玻璃YB-2为研究对象,首先采用体视显微镜和三维激光扫描仪测量了不同拉伸温度下的断口雾状区尺寸和表面粗糙度均值Ra,其次通过扫描电镜-盒维数法测算了断口雾状区的分形维数均值D,最后通过两个假设推算了有机玻璃断裂形成雾状区时消耗的能量,并与断口雾状区的分形维数进行联系。结果得出:当拉伸速率一定时,拉伸温度由-55℃提升至60℃,断口雾状区的尺寸J3从1.257 mm升高至4.978 mm,Ra从0.517μm降低到0.330μm,D从1.357升高至1.579,拉伸温度分别与断口雾状区尺寸、表面粗糙度、分形维数的拟合曲线的拟合度因子均高于0.9,拟合程度较高。研究表明:有机玻璃拉伸断口的形貌参数与其断裂条件存在一定的相关性,雾状区形成时消耗的能量与其分形维数呈正相关关系,该研究结果可为有机玻璃断口定量分析奠定一定的基础。     

材料断口分形维数分析

本文分析了应用分形维数描述材料断口轮廓形貌几何特征的局限性。结果指出，分形维数对于材料断口粗糙度的变化是不敏感的，该参数与材料断口轮廓几何形态和断裂韧性之间不存在确定性的关系。     

内部氢对奥氏体不锈钢拉伸断口分形维数的影响

采用热充氢方法研究了1Cr18Ni9Ti、21Cr6Ni9Mn、Fe31Cr14Ni奥氏体不锈钢的氢脆性能。采用垂直截面法测量了不同热充氢时间拉伸试样的断口分形维数,分析了材料氢脆性能与分形维数的相关性。研究表明:随着充氢时间的延长,3种材料内部氢含量增加、断面收缩率降低、氢致塑性损减增加。反映在断口分形维数上,表现为断口分形维数随充氢时间的延长而降低,且断口分形维数与其断面收缩率呈线性相关。断口分形维数能够描述氢对材料性能的影响。     

SiC填充PP/FA复合材料拉伸强度及分形特征

目的定量研究不同含量碳化硅晶须(SiC)对聚丙烯(PP)/粉煤灰(FA)复合材料拉伸强度以及拉伸断口复杂程度的影响。方法以聚丙烯为基体,马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)为相容剂,FA和SiC为填料,采用熔融共混法制备PP/FA/SiC复合材料。利用电子万能试验机测试复合材料的拉伸强度,同时采用扫描电镜对拉伸断口进行形貌分析,并基于分形原理,利用差分盒维计数法计算复合材料拉伸断面的分形维数,分析研究复合材料拉伸断面的分形维数与其拉伸强度间的关系。结果复合材料的拉伸断面分形维数在1.24~1.90之间,相关系数均大于0.9,说明其具有统计意义上的自相似和较强的相关性。结论复合材料拉伸强度的对数与其断面的分形维数呈线性函数关系。     

掺珍珠岩水泥石孔分形维数及其与孔结构、强度的关系

通过压汞法测试不同龄期掺0-40%珍珠岩掺合料水泥石的孔结构参数,利用分形理论的相关知识研究这些水化物的孔体积分形特征,计算它们的孔分形维数D=3.3～3.5,分析并探讨该水泥石孔分形维数与孔结构参数、抗压强度之间的关系.结果表明水泥石孔分形维数与孔隙率、孔径、孔表面积有密切的关系,随着孔分形维数增大,孔隙率提高,孔径扩大、孔表面积增大,孔结构就越劣化,对应的材料抗压强度下降.因此孔体积分形维数可用于综合评定材料的孔结构特性.     

分形维数与D6AC钢的韧性

本文研究了超高强度钢Ｄ６ＡＣ的断裂韧性、冲击韧性和拉伸面缩率与断口分形维数的关系。分别用二次电子线扫描和数字图像法断裂韧性试样的断口分形维数，得出试样的韧性与分形维数Ｄｓｅ，ＤＨ和ＤＬ成正比关系，即韧性随分形维数增大而增加。试样断口的粗糙度由夹杂物引起差异小于金相组织不同引起的差异时，使用数字图象法测得的分形维数与韧性的线性关系优于二次电子线扫描的结果。     

D6AC钢冲击断口形貌的分形研究

本文利用扫描电镜对含Mn$夹杂物和含ZrN夹杂物的D6AC钢的冲击断口形貌进行了观察与分析;利用数字图象法测定了试样的断口分形维数,揭示了冲击断口形貌和冲击韧性与夹杂物含量之间的内在联系,探讨了材料冲击断口形貌与分形维数的关系,拓宽了分形几何学在材料领域的应用范围.     

双相钢疲劳断口的分形分析

本文研究了双相钢疲劳门槛值与门槛值附近断口形貌和分形维数的关系。初步实验结果表明:分形维数基本上能反映断口粗糙度。发现门槛值随分形维数呈线性变化,门槛值、分形维数和粗糙度都随马氏体含量呈抛物线型变化。     

分形维数与D6AC钢的韧性

本文研究了超高强度钢Ｄ６Ａｃ的断裂韧性、冲击韧性和拉伸面缩率与断口分形维数的关系。分别用二次电子线扫描和数字图象法测定断裂韧性试样的断口分形维数，得出试样的韧性与分形维数Ｄｓｅ、Ｄ_Ｈ和Ｄ_Ｌ成正比关系，即韧性随分形维数增大而增加。试样断口的粗糙度由夹杂物引起的差异小于金相组织不同引起的差异时，使用数字图象法测得的分形维数与韧性的线性关系优于二次电子线扫描的结果。     

Effect of aggregate size distribution and confining pressure on mechanical property and microstructure of cemented gangue backfill materials

The use of gangue, cementitious materials, and water mixed to make cemented gangue backfill material (CGBM) can achieve solid waste recycling while reducing environmental problems caused by its accumulation. In this paper, the fractal dimension of particle size distribution (PSD) and the confining pressure were investigated on the compressive strength, elastic modulus, stress–strain behavior, dilatancy deformation, and failure mode of CGBM using uniaxial compression, conventional triaxial compression, and microscopic scanning tests. The mechanism of the PSD fractal dimension on the mechanical properties of CGBM was revealed from a microscopic perspective. The results demonstrate that the compressive strength and elastic modulus of CGBM are quadratic polynomial and positively linearly related to the PSD fractal dimension and confining pressure respectively, with the PSD fractal dimension characterizing the maximum compressive strength of CGBM ranging between 2.4150 and 2.6084. The volume strain variation of CGBM diminishes as the PSD fractal dimension grows and increases dramatically when the confining pressure rises. The PSD fractal dimension has a quadratic polynomial relationship with both the cohesive force and the internal friction angle of CGBM. A reasonable PSD fractal dimension can optimize the microstructure of CGBM, reduce the distribution of defects such as microcracks and micropores, and enable hydration products to effectively fill the defects, guaranteeing that the CGBM has sufficient load-bearing capacity.     

Relationship between Fracture Toughness and Fractal Dimension of Fracture Surface of Steel

The relationship between fracture toughness and fractal dimension of fracture surface was analysed based on a united fractal model of microscopic fracture modes. It was indicated that fracture toughness is a multivariant function of yield strength, microstructural length, fractal dimension of fracture surface and volume fraction of inclusions, other than a monovariant function of fractal dimension of fracture surface. This new fractal model of fracture toughness was verified to fit well with a set of experimental data of a ultrahigh strength steel with equal microstructure and grain size but different volume fraction of inclusion.     

PP/纳米碳酸钙复合材料冲击强度与断口表面分维关系的研究

应用脂肪酸、钛酸酯偶联剂分别对纳米级碳酸钙(Nano-CaCO3)进行表面处理,并用熔融共混法制备PP/Nano-CaCO3复合材料.在室温条件下,测量PP/Nano-CaCO3复合材料的V型缺口冲击强度.采用投影覆盖法测算复合材料的冲击断口表面分维,考察断口表面分维与复合材料冲击强度的关系.结果表明,断口表面分维在2.3673～2.4120之间,相关系数均大于0.95,强的相关性说明断口表面分形特性显著;复合体系冲击强度与断口表面分维之间近似呈指数函数关系.     

Characterization of grain-boundary configuration and fracture surface roughness by fractal geometry and creep-rupture properties of metallic materials

Grain-boundary configuration in heat-treated specimens and fracture surface roughness in creep-ruptured specimens of several kinds of metallic material were quantitatively evaluated on the basis of fractal geometry. Correlations between the fractal dimension of grain boundary, that of fracture surface profile, the creep-rupture properties and the fracture mechanisms of the alloys are discussed. In heat-resistant alloys, the fractal dimension of a nominally serrated grain boundary was always larger than that of a straight grain boundary in the same alloy. The relative importance of the ruggedness of grain boundaries was estimated by the fractal dimension difference between these two grain boundaries. There was a quantitative relationship between the increase of the fractal dimension of the grain boundary and the improvement of rupture ductility and rupture strength owing to grain-boundary serration in the alloy. A similar correlation was also found between the increase in the fractal dimension of the fracture surface profile and the improvement of the creep-rupture properties, since in some cases the fractal dimension of the fracture surface profile was correlated with that of the grain boundary. Both grain boundary and fracture surface profile were assumed to exhibit a fractal nature between one grain boundary length (upper bound) and an interatomic spacing (lower bound). In carbon steels with ferrite-pearlite structure, according to the increase in pearlite volume fraction, the rupture ductility decreased and the fracture mechanism changed from transgranular fracture in pure iron and low-carbon steels to intergranular fracture at ferrite-pearlite grain boundaries in medium-carbon steels, and further to intergranular fracture at pearlite grain boundaries in high-carbon steels. The correspondence between the fractal dimension of the grain boundary and that of the fracture surface was confirmed in ruptured specimens of ferrite-pearlite steels when the grain boundary was the fracture path.     

水泥粉体粒度分布分维与其流动性的关系研究

为研究水泥粉体粒度分布分维与流动性的相关性,本文中将粒度分布分维作为表征水泥粉体的粒度分布特征,用图像分析法测算了5种水泥颗粒样品的粒度分布分维,5种水泥样品粒度分布分维值处于2.1006～2.2931之间;并用卡尔指数法测量了水泥样品的流动系数,考察了水泥粉体粒度分布分维及其与粉体流动性的关系,研究表明:水泥粉体粒度分布分维与其流动性呈线性负相关性。