低温催化剂CT6-13在硫磺回收尾气加氢反应器中的应用

本文介绍了低温催化剂CT6-13在硫磺回收装置尾气加氢反应器中的使用情况。实际生产数据表明,CT6-13具有较好的低温加氢水解活性,反应器的入口温度为230℃时,CT6-13催化剂可将克劳斯尾气中的S、SO2完全加氢为H2S,同时可将尾气中的有机硫COS、CS2完全水解为H2S。与常规的高温尾气加氢催化剂要求的反应器入口温度280℃相比,CT6-13的操作温度大幅降低,节能降耗效果显著,且操作弹性强。     

高含硫天然气净化厂总硫回收率的主要影响因素探讨

根据Claus+Scot尾气处理工艺的特点,结合克劳斯反应的原理,从克劳斯反应的温度、配风以及酸性气组份等方面对硫磺回收率的影响因素进行分析。为了提高装置的硫磺回收率,易采取以下措施:做好脱硫单元的平稳操作,以减少酸性气中的杂质对硫磺回收单元的负面影响;在装置负荷发生变化时应及时调整燃烧炉的配风,以保持硫磺尾气中H2S与SO2的物质的量比为2:1;控制反应炉的温度在920～1350℃,以确保炉内燃烧火焰稳定;控制一、二级反应器的过程气入口温度在213℃左右;在装置停工时严格执行克劳斯催化剂的再生和钝化操作;加强胺液溶剂再生效果,优化工艺参数,以确保胺液选择性吸收效果。     

提高总硫回收率的硫磺回收工艺

扬子石化炼油厂原有20 kt/a硫磺回收装置,采用三级Claus制硫工艺处理含H2S的酸性气,生产硫磺,总硫回收率较低。现采用二级Claus制硫SCOT尾气净化组合工艺处理含H2S的酸性气,将新建的70 kt/a硫磺回收装置和原20 kt/a硫磺回收装置并联操作,共用1套100 kt/a SCOT尾气净化系统,同时对生产操作和催化剂选择进行了优化。运行结果表明,采用组合工艺处理含H2S的酸性气效果很好,可使总硫回收率由93%提高至99.8%。     

硫回收装置主燃烧室温度异常原因分析及处理

陕西渭河煤化工集团有限责任公司硫回收装置采用荷兰荷丰两级克劳斯(Claus)+低温SCOT(LT-SCOT)加氢还原工艺.2020年11月硫回收装置大修后恢复运行仅月余,出现主燃烧室炉膛温度异常,同时伴有催化反应床层温度偏高、硫比值仪故障多发、Claus尾气中(H2S+SO2)含量偏高等问题,其他过程工艺参数也有不同程...     

转化吸收型常温精脱硫工艺

一种转化吸收型常温精脱硫工艺，它是将含有0～30ppm（H2S＋COS＋CS2）的合成氨或石油化工原料气，通过脱无机硫的脱硫剂和转化吸收型俄有机硫的脱硫剂的脱硫过程，在温度为-20～60℃、压力为常压至10MPa的条件下精脱硫，脱硫后的气体中总硫（H2S＋COS＋CS2）＜0．1ppm。选用的脱硫剂为湖北省化学研究所生产的EAC系列活性炭，或TG系列、SN系列、ET系列的氧化铁，转化吸收型脱硫剂为湖北省化学研究所生产的含活性炭载体重量1％～40％的钾盐或钠盐，1％～30％有机腔的EZX脱硫剂或见山精细化工研究所生产的KT312型脱硫催化剂，上海…     

催化氧化净化黄鳞尾气现场实验

为净化黄磷尾气中的主要杂质HF、PH3、SO2、H2S、羰基硫(COS)和CS2,利用高浓度CO气体,采用自制的2种AC系列催化氧化催化剂,进行了黄磷尾气现场净化实验.实验结果表明:在中试实验碱洗塔中,HF可全部除去;之后对尾气进行小试实验,在温度为66℃,空速为800 h-1的条件下,AC系列催化剂能够净化脱除黄磷尾气中的PH3、SO2、H2S和CS2,但对COS的吸附净化不明显;其中AC-1型催化剂净化效果最好,可以使尾气中的PH3、SO2、H2S和CS2质量浓度低于0.1 mg/m3,且催化寿命长.     

液硫池尾气回收技术及应用

介绍了中原油田普光分公司天然气净化厂液硫池脱气尾气的回收利用情况。液硫池脱气采用机械与空气组合脱气工艺,尾气采用蒸汽喷射器送至Claus炉回收利用。该改造技术对Claus炉H2S和SO2比例调节和炉膛内部反应不会造成较大影响。改造后硫磺总回收率提高0.01%,排放尾气中SO2质量浓度低于290 mg/m3。     

低温Claus尾气加氢催化剂浅析

介绍了4种低温Claus尾气加氢催化剂的性能指标和研究进展。与普通催化剂相比,使用该低温催化剂可使加氢反应器的入口温度在224～240℃运行,取消在线燃烧炉和废热锅炉,Claus尾气流量可减少10%～15%,装置总投资可降低约18%,总操作费用可减少20%左右。并且装置工艺流程得到优化,操作性和稳定性提高。目前,该低温催化剂已在国内多套硫磺回收装置中得到推广应用。     

氨法脱硫技术在硫回收尾气处理中的应用与优化分析

以年产400万吨煤制油工程硫回收尾气处理项目为例,对两级Claus+焚烧+氨法脱硫工艺在脱硫效率和长周期稳定运行性能方面提出改造思路,同时基于改造后的氨法脱硫装置,针对入口尾气SO_2浓度、吸收喷淋量、氧化风量和循环液温度等参数对脱硫效率的影响规律进行实验探索,并总结得出运行优化建议。     

硫回收尾气处理技术及超级克劳斯工艺

回收石油、天然气及化工过程气体中的H_2S制硫,多采用传统的Claus法。我国目前Claus硫磺回收装置约30套(近期将再建成10套),生产能力250kt/a,实际产量125kt/a(1991年)。 Claus法采用新工艺、新型催化剂、自动监控技术等,硫的回收率已接近热力学平衡值,例如二级Claus法,硫回收率已达92％～95％。若附加尾气处理装置,总硫回收率可达98％,甚至99.5％以上。因此Claus尾气处理技术是目前研究中的一个热点。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。