CeO2-SiO2复合氧化物的制备及性能表征

化学沉淀法制备了SiO2和CeO2以及复合氧化物CeO2-SiO2等纳米粉体。对粉体的形貌及物相结构、粒径大小通过TEM及XRD进行了检测分析。SiO2粉体为无定形结构,粒径约500 nm,立方萤石型结构的CeO2及复合氧化物CeO2-SiO2的平均粒径小于10 nm,说明复合氧化物的合成过程抑制了粒径的长大。制备了SiO2/CeO2质量比分别为5%、10%、15%、20%的复合氧化物,煅烧温度为400℃～1000℃,结果显示随着SiO2比例的增加,CeO2的特征峰在逐渐减弱,半高宽变宽,粒径变小;随着煅烧温度的升高,特征峰强度增加,半高宽变窄,颗粒的晶型发育越来越完善,但样品的粒径变大。     

负载型纳米氧化铈载体的制备

以大比表面积、大孔径的γ-Al2O3为基载体通过浸渍-沉积法制得了一系列不同负载量的CeO2/γ-Al2O3复合载体,通过测定复合载体的比表面积和TPR实验考察了CeO2的负载量和焙烧温度对复合载体物化性能的影响,实验结果发现,30%(质量分数)的负载量是CeO2在γ-Al2O3上单层分散的极限负载量;450℃的焙烧温度可避免CeO2和基载体之间生成复合氧化物.     

化学共沉淀法制备纳米二氧化铈的研究

采用正、反向化学共沉淀法制备了CeO2纳米粉末材料,有机物共沸蒸馏,用XRD、TEM、BET等技术研究粉体的相结构、晶粒大小、比表面积和孔径情况.结果表明,反向制备的纳米CeO2超细粉体粒径在20nm～40nm之间;样品经400℃焙烧3h后粉体的比表面积为123.14m2/g,平均孔径为55.8578(A),总孔容为0.3439cm3/g.     

稀土氧化物对羟基磷灰石力学性能和显微结构的影响

采用XRD,SEM及力学性能测试等方法研究添加稀土氧化物Y2O3、CeO2和(Y2O3+CeO2)对羟基磷灰石基复合材料的烧结温度、力学性能和显微结构的影响。结果表明,添加2%的稀土氧化物,可以降低烧结温度,改善显微结构,提高抗弯强度。尤其是添加2%的复合稀土氧化物(Y2O3+CeO2)后,羟基磷灰石基复合材料的抗弯强度达110 MPa,是未添加稀土氧化物的试样的1.29倍。其强度提高的主要原因是稀土元素的细晶强化和固溶强化等对基体的作用。     

CeO_2基三效催化剂中金属-载体强相互作用的研究进展

金属-载体强相互作用(SMSI)的发生机理及其对催化活性的影响是目前CeO2基三效催化剂研究的热点。介绍了金属-载体强相互作用产生的基本条件及其基本特征,综述了贵金属与CeO2基复合氧化物间SMSI的可能机制及相关研究进展,提出了金属-载体强相互作用可能的研究方向。     

CeO_2基固体氧化物燃料电池电解质研究

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFCs)被誉为21世纪最具有发展潜力的能源技术之一.由于用稀土或碱土金属氧化物掺杂的CeO2在较低的温度下具有较高的氧离子电导率,是用作中低温固体氧化物燃料电池较理想的电解质材料.本文综述了近年来以掺杂的CeO2作电解质的SOFCs性能的研究情况,总结了提高、改善CeO2基固体电解质电性能的几种方法,并对今后的研究提出了自己的看法.     

稀土氧化物LnO1.5掺杂CeO2-δ固体电解质的缺陷与电导率

利用缺陷化学的知识,对定量求解稀土氧化物LnO1.5掺杂CeO2-δ固体电解质中氧离子空位的浓度进行了初步探讨.在此基础上,推导出了该固体电解质的离子电导率和电子电导率的表达式.并且得出了计算CeO2基固体电解质临界氧分压P*O2的公式,利用该公式对两个问题进行了简单分析.     

Ti/Ce复合氧化物的制备及改性研究

采用燃烧法制备单体氧化物,异相成核沉淀法制备Ti/Ce复合氧化物并对其进行改性.采用XRD、IR、UV-vis、SEM对Ti/Ce复合氧化物进行了表征.对制备的样品进行改性研究,考察了改性剂类型、改性温度、酸度、改性剂用量等条件对改性效果的影响,得出改性工艺的最佳条件.对于CeO2/TiO2:改性剂选择钛酸酯偶联剂,温度45℃,时间60min,pH值为7,改性剂用量为5％(质量分数).TiO2/CeO2:改性剂选择钛酸酯偶联剂,温度55°C,时间60min,pH值为6,改性剂用量为5％.改性后可增强样品在基体中的可溶性,扩大其适用范围.     

氨水一草酸协同沉淀法制备超细CeO2粉体的研究

采用氨水一草酸协同沉淀法制备了CeO2超细粉体材料.用正交试验研究了制备条件对粉体性能的影响,得到最佳的制备条件.并用XRD、SEM、粒度测试等对其进行了表征.结果表明,所制备的超细CeO2粉末颗粒细小均匀,形状完整,具有完整的晶格.体积中心径D50为0.139μm,最大粒径约为1.5μm,基本上呈正态分布.     

NH4HCO3沉淀法制备纳米CeO2棒状晶的研究

以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O和NH4HCO3为原料,采用化学沉淀法制得了平均长度84nm,直径15nm的CeO2棒状晶.利用XRD、TEM对CeO2粉体及其前驱体进行分析表征,发现CeO2晶粒继承了前驱体的棒状形貌.借助FTIR确定了前驱体的化学组成为Ce2O(CO3)2·H2O,从化学反应过程出发研究了CeO2棒状晶的具体形成过程.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.