拼焊板焊接工艺及其对拼焊板塑性变形影响的试验研究

通过拼焊板试件拉伸试验对拼焊板的塑性变形性能进行了分析研究 ,讨论了拼焊板的几种实用焊接技术 ,给出了拼焊板的机械性能参数 ,比较了焊缝处于拉伸试样不同位置时拼焊板与母材的拉伸试验结果 .分析了焊缝分布对拼焊板塑性变形性能的影响 ,以及如何优化焊缝位置以提高拼焊板的整体塑性变形能力 .     

不等厚拼焊板的塑性拉伸变形性能试验分析

通过拉伸试验对拼焊板的塑性变形能力进行了测试和分析研究,针对焊缝处于拉伸试件的不同方向、不同位置进行了拉伸试验,给出了拼焊板的主要机械性能参数.讨论了焊缝方向、焊缝位置和薄厚比例对拼焊板塑性拉伸变形性能的影响,提出了冲压件中优化焊缝方向和位置的建议以获得较高的拼焊板整体塑性变形能力.     

高强度钢-普通钢拼焊板热冲压成形机理研究

目的 研究高强度钢-普通钢拼焊板热冲压成形机理.方法 对高强度22MnB5钢-Q235钢拼焊板高温力学性能及U形热弯曲件的微观组织和力学性能进行实验研究,对高温下拼焊板协调变形进行数值分析,研究拼焊板高温力学性能和热弯曲件微观组织、力学性能的影响机制及拼焊板热变形协调机制.结果 焊缝与拉伸方向平行时,800℃下拼焊板伸长率不高,两侧母材形变量相差较大;900℃和950℃下,两种母材形变量接近.焊缝与拉伸方向垂直时伸长率较低.热弯曲件"软"、"硬"区抗拉强度差为500～1000 MPa,伸长率差为5％～20％.结论 焊缝与拉伸平行时拼焊板塑性较好,温度越高焊缝两侧变形较一致,焊缝与拉伸垂直时拼焊板力学性能主要取决于"软"区母材的性能.揭示了高强度22MnB5钢-Q235钢拼焊板热冲压成形机理.     

双相钢激光拼焊板温成形拉深性能分析研究

板料的温塑性成形方法已经得到广泛使用,可以运用到双相钢激光拼焊板成形中以提高其成形性能。以盒形件为分析对象对双相钢激光拼焊板的温拉深性能进行了研究,通过温单拉实验、盒形件温拉深过程的有限元模拟与实冲实验以及金相实验,分析了双相钢激光拼焊板由常温到500℃各个温度下的力学性能与拉深性能。结果表明:成形温度对双相钢激光拼焊板温拉深影响比较显著,在400～500℃温度范围内进行温成形,能获得较好的成形性能。     

热成形淬火对QP1180/22MnB5激光拼焊板组织与性能的影响

目的 对QP1180和22MnB5激光拼焊板进行热成形试验,以解决超高强钢板材焊后的软化问题。方法 选择QP1180和22MnB5异种高强钢作为母材进行激光自熔焊,对焊后的激光拼焊板进行热成形试验,通过体式显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、液压拉伸试验机和维氏硬度计等手段,分析热成形前后激光拼焊板微观组织和力学性能的变化。结果 与焊态拉伸试样相比,热成形试样抗拉强度提高了135%,断后伸长率降低了55%,拉伸试样都在22MnB5母材处断裂,均为塑性断裂。在热成形后,对焊接接头进行组织分析,发现QP1180母材区马氏体含量增加,22MnB5母材区和临界热影响区组织由珠光体和铁素体转变为马氏体,焊接接头热影响区各亚区的组织均转变为大小不同的板条马氏体。硬度测试结果表明,焊态试样焊接接头的QP1180临界区存在软化现象,硬度值最低为335HV,22MnB5侧硬度值由母材处向焊缝升高,母材硬度最低为170HV;而在热成形后,QP1180临界区软化现象消失,硬度值趋于平缓,22MnB5母材处硬度比焊态试样硬度高了2倍。结论 与焊态试样相比,经热成形后激光拼焊板的焊后软化问题得到了解决。     

拼焊板焊缝方向对其单向拉伸性能的影响研究

为提高拼焊板成形性,用单拉实验来研究拼焊板焊缝方向对其拉伸性能的影响.采用解析、实验和有限元法研究了拼焊板焊缝方向对其综合延伸率、失效模式的影响.结果表明,当焊缝角度较小时,失效表现为焊缝开裂;随着焊缝角度增大,平均延伸率非线性减小,且变化速率逐渐减小.当焊缝角度超过一定值后,失效变为薄侧母材开裂,并随着焊缝角度增大拼焊板综合延伸率逐渐增大,且增大的速率逐渐减小.在失效模式转换时,焊缝角度相应存在一个临界点,这一临界角度大小主要依赖于焊缝和薄侧母材性能.适当的焊缝角度有利于拼焊板成形性能的提高和失效模式的控制.     

不锈钢外板对 2219 铝合金拼焊板胀形性能的影响

目的现有2219铝合金板材宽度不能满足大型复杂曲面件整体流体高压成形需要,仍需采用焊接方法制备成形坯料,焊缝的存在导致铝合金拼焊板整体性能不均匀,影响成形性能及壁厚分布。方法提出2219铝合金拼焊板的双层板流体高压成形方法,采用1.8 mm厚铝合金拼焊板作为内层板,1mm厚不锈钢板作为外层板,进行双层板胀形实验研究。对比分析了单层板与双层板条件下2219铝合金拼焊板的成形极限、应变及壁厚分布。结果外层板的存在能够使板材的极限成形高度和极限应变增加,同时使壁厚分布更加均匀。结论双层板之间存在界面摩擦,可以提高内层拼焊板的成形极限、改善壁厚分布。     

拼焊板在盒形件拉伸过程中的焊缝移动研究

分析了激光拼焊板在冲压成形过程中焊缝移动的基本原理,推导了单向拉伸情况下焊缝移动的基本公式;概述了拼焊板数值模拟建模的基本方法,并运用商业有限元软件AutoForm对盒形件拉伸过程中的焊缝移动进行了预测,将分析结果与国外实验结果进行对比,得出初始焊缝位置对焊缝移动的影响的基本规律.     

拼焊板材冲压成形技术(Ⅱ)

详细介绍和总结了拼焊板冲压成形的国内外研究与应用现状,讨论了拼焊板成形性能实验方法、拼焊板的不均匀变形规律、控制不均匀变形的方法以及计算机模拟方面的成果.     

TWIP钢激光拼焊板的力学性能及微观组织分析

为评价TWIP钢的焊接性能,对1.2 mm厚的Fe-Mn-C系TWIP钢进行了激光拼焊实验,用线扫描分析了锰元素的分布,对拼焊板进行了拉伸试验,用扫描电镜观察了拉伸断口形貌,采用背散射电子分析技术分析了拉伸前后的组织变化及孪晶形成,测试了维氏硬度的分布曲线.实验结果表明:焊缝区未发生Mn元素的挥发,室温下为显著的柱状枝晶铸态组织;断裂发生在存在气孔等微小缺陷的焊缝区,拼焊板强度与母材接近,韧性显著降低;拉伸过程中有大量的形变孪晶形成,拉伸前后均为全奥氏体组织.     

Experimental and numerical studies on the forming behavior of tailor welded steel sheets in biaxial stretch forming

Stretch forming is an important process in making complex stampings for autobody components. In the present work formability of three different types of tailor welded blanks (TWBs) in biaxial stretch forming modes has been studied by conducting limiting dome height (LDH) tests. The TWBs are laser-welded samples of low carbon and ultra low carbon steel sheets with difference in thickness, grade and surface conditions. In TWBs with difference in thickness, the LDH decreases as the thickness ratio increases and the thickness of the thinner side is also crucial. A high thickness ratio causes two major strain peaks on thinner side and fracture takes place due to strain localization at the peak close to the pole. The weld ductility and the extent of difference in properties are the two crucial parameters for formability in TWBs with difference in properties. In both these TWBs, the fracture takes place perpendicular to the weld line and propagates towards the stronger side. Significant weld line movement occurs towards the thicker/stronger side in biaxial stretch forming. The maximum weld line movement occurs at the pole and it increases with increase in thickness ratio and becomes constant beyond a certain thickness ratio. The peak load required to deform the TWB specimens is less compared to the corresponding parent sheets. In case of TWBs with difference in thickness, as the thickness ratio increases, the peak load reduces due to decreasing punch-blank contact area.     

进口冷轧钢板的性能测定和特征分析

分别对5种进口冷轧钢板的化学成分、力学性能、显微组织和形变织构等特征性能进行了测定和分析，并探讨了这些特征性能之间的变化关系和影响方式。研究表明，SPCEN—SD冷轧钢板的成形能力最好，而SPCC-SD冷轧钢板的成形能力最差；冷轧钢板的特征性能之间具有较强的关联性和一致性，在工程上应充分利用这种特征性能之间的关联对应关系，采取合理便捷的方法，有效地预知和评定其成形能力。     

高强度钢框架梁柱节点焊接构造的断裂性能试验研究

为研究高强度钢材焊缝连接在实际节点构造中的断裂性能,选取代表实际梁柱节点局部焊接构造的十字型焊接接头试件,采用对接熔透焊和角焊缝两种焊缝类型,完成了20个高强度钢材典型焊接构造在单调拉伸和往复加载下的断裂性能试验,研究了高强钢焊接构造断裂机理,探讨了焊缝类型、荷载类型及钢材强度对典型构造细节断裂性能的影响。研究结果表明,焊缝类型对高强钢焊接构造断裂性能有较大影响,拉-卸载作用导致高强钢焊接节点热影响区材料损伤开裂,往复加载幅值越大,高强钢焊接节点的缺陷敏感性越大,越容易发生断裂失效。试验得到对接熔透焊和角焊缝试件在单调拉伸和往复加载下的断裂临界伸长量和临界荷载,为发展高强度钢材节点焊缝区域的断裂分析模型提供依据。     

Application of response surface methodology to drive GTN model parameters and determine the FLD of tailor welded blank

Tailor welded blanks (TWBs) have found great usage in auto industries; however there are some drawbacks, low formability and weld line movement, which hinder their applications. Prediction of their formability through forming limit diagrams (FLDs) enables one to consider the effects of forming parameters on forming behavior of TWBs. Different numerical approaches have been applied to predict the experimental FLD of these blanks. In the present research Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) model was applied as failure criterion. The parameters of GTN model were firstly derived for both thin and thick monolithic blanks of studied TWB by application of response surface methodology. Then experimental method of obtaining FLD was simulated and FLD of transversely welded TWB was predicted using Abaqus software. The results indicate that the FLD of studied TWB is lower than those related to the parent sheets and there is an appropriate agreement between the predicted and experimental FLDs of the studied TWB.     

一种新型固有应变法的焊接变形仿真

以T形焊接接头为算例,结合热弹塑性有限元法和映射应变分量法研究角焊缝角变形的产生机制,认为固有剪切应变才是产生角变形的主要根源,而不是传统思维认为的横向固有正应变.随后,以此观点为基础,对比分析了两种不同的加载方位对横向约束度、横向固有应变及残余角变形的影响.沿焊缝表面斜向加载更接近于实际测量值和热弹塑性模拟值,表明了此种加载方位的合理性,为更合理的利用固有应变法预测焊接残余变形提供了有益的参考.     

冷轧钢板的模拟成形性能与基本成形性能的相关性研究

在大量试验的基础上，用多元统计回归方法对11炉冷轧钢板的基本成形性能与模拟成形性能试验数据进行了回归分析和相关性研究。结果表明，各模拟性能指标与基本性能之间有着较好的对应关系。有的模拟成形性能指标甚至与基本性能之间存在着较强的相关性。全相关性系数达0．95以上。     

Experimental evaluation and prediction of forming limit of FSW blanks made of AA 6061 T6 sheets at different weld orientations and weld locations

The main objective of the present work is to predict the forming limit of friction stir welded (FSW) sheets made of AA 6061T6, having different weld orientations, weld locations, and made at two different welding speeds. The predicted forming limit curves (FLCs) are validated with experimental FLCs. The thickness gradient based necking criterion (TGNC) and major strain‐rate ratio based necking criterion (MSRC) are used to predict the forming limit. The significance of single zone model and double zone model in FLC prediction is discussed. A decrease in hardness is witnessed in the weld zone as compared to base material. With increase in shoulder diameter and decrease in rotational speed, hardness has improved in the weld zone. The forming limit predictions of un‐welded sheets and FSW sheets coincide well with experimental results. The predicted FLCs of FSW sheets from TGNC and MSRC are equally accurate as compared to experimental FLCs in all the weld locations. Both TGNC and MSRC predict almost the same forming limit in 90° weld orientation, while TGNC showed better prediction in 45° weld orientation. FSW sheets with double zone models show better prediction accuracy than single zone models in most of the cases, except in the case of weld at centre location and at longitudinal orientation. There is only slight deviation between single zone and double zone model predictions. The failure location and failure pattern predictions are also agreeing well with the experimental FLCs.     

Weld zone representation methods during the stretching of friction stir welded blanks with dissimilar sheet thickness: A study using numerical simulations

In this work, the validity of weld zone representation as single zone or double zone under varied weld conditions of friction stir welded (FSW) blanks with dissimilar thicknesses sheets is explored. During LDH test simulations, representative base material of 1.5 mm and 1.1 mm thickness is considered. It is observed that modeling FSW blanks with double zone assumption plays a vital role for accurate formability prediction. There are possibilities of obtaining multiple domains of weld conditions for the single zone and double zone assumption validity. The failure locations also affect the weld zone representation along with the critical error percentage difference between reference model (single zone) and double zone model FSW blanks. The number of single zone models has increased in transverse weld orientation and number of double zone models has increased in longitudinal weld orientation in the case of FSW blanks with dissimilar thickness as compared to similar thickness FSW blanks. A comparison is done between the limit strain values for single zone and double zone assumptions with reference model. The pattern that is observed in the load‐punch stroke behavior is also seen in limit strain comparison for weld zone representation.     

Effect of process parameters on the strength of resistance spot welds in 6082-T6 aluminium alloy

In this study the microstructural and mechanical behaviour of resistance spot welds (RSW) done on aluminium alloy 6082-T6 sheets, welded at different welding parameters, is examined. Microstructural examinations and hardness evaluations were carried out in order to determine the influence of welding parameters on the quality of the welds. The welded joints were subjected to static tensile-shear tests in order to determine their strength and failure mode. The increase in weld current and duration increased the nugget size and the weld strength. Beyond a critical nugget diameter the failure mode changed from interfacial to pullout. Taking into consideration the sheet thickness and the mechanical properties of the weld, a simple model is proposed to predict the critical nugget diameter required to produce pull-out failure mode in undermatched welds in heat-treatable aluminium alloys.     

汽车用热镀锌钢板镀层的性能综述

对汽车用热镀锌钢板镀层的耐腐蚀性、成型性、焊接性和涂装性等几个重要的性能进行了介绍,同时介绍了国内外对汽车用热镀锌钢板镀层性能研究的最新进展。展望了对这些性能研究的新的方法与方向。