填充纯铝颗粒对热态粘性介质传热性能的影响

针对粘性介质温热成形过程中导热率低的问题,提出了在粘性介质中填充一定量的高导热率颗粒的方法来提高其导热率。以纯铝颗粒为研究对象,通过纯铝颗粒在粘性介质中的沉降试验、不同填充参数的粘性介质导热率测量试验及传热过程的有限元分析,确定了纯铝颗粒粒径大小和质量分数对粘性介质传热过程的影响。研究结果表明:由于纯铝颗粒密度大于粘性介质密度,纯铝颗粒在粘性介质中存在沉降现象,沉降速度随温度的升高和粒径的增大而增加;同时,随着纯铝颗粒粒径的增大和填充质量分数的增加,粘性介质的导热率增大,有利于外部热量向粘性介质内部的传递;一定温度条件下,选择合适粒径和填充质量分数的纯铝颗粒作为粘性介质的填充物,对粘性介质传热性能的改善效果较为明显。     

用渗流法制备通孔泡沫金属时几个工艺因素的探讨

本文用渗流法制备了孔径为２～５ｍｍ的通孔泡沫金属，并用正交试验法研究了影响液态金属渗流的工艺参数。结果表明：渗流长度随颗粒尺寸、颗粒预热温度、外加压力及铝液浇注温度的增大而增加。填料颗粒尺寸的影响最显著，其次是颗粒预热温度，外加压力和铝液浇注温度的影响不明显。     

颗粒尺寸对SiCp/6061铝基复合材料组织与性能的影响

采用搅拌铸造方法制备颗粒尺寸为20～50 μm的SiCp/6061铝基复合材料,研究了SiC颗粒尺寸对6061铝基复合材料显微组织、拉伸力学性能和耐磨性能的影响.结果表明:通过搅拌铸造方法制备6061铝基复合材料,SiC颗粒在6061铝基复合材料中分布较为均匀,且随SiC颗粒尺寸增大,6061铝基复合材料中SiC颗粒的分布均匀性提高.SiC颗粒尺寸越小,6061铝基复合材料的抗拉强度和伸长率越高.在SiC颗粒尺寸为20μm时,6061铝基复合材料的抗拉强度和伸长率分别为296MPa、5.5％.随SiC颗粒尺寸增大,6061铝基复合材料的耐磨性能提高,磨损率逐渐下降.     

SiC颗粒增强复合泡沫铝的性能研究

在加入粒径为0.5μm的Si C颗粒制备出复合泡沫铝的基础上,研究了Si C颗粒对熔体粘度、孔结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:Si C颗粒对熔体粘度、孔结构都有重要影响,Si C颗粒增强粉末冶金泡沫铝的压缩应力-应变曲线与其他多孔泡沫金属相似;该试样的屈服强度随Si C颗粒含量的升高而增大。     

基于CT图像的矿石颗粒堆积体孔隙结构三维量化表征和分析（英文）

研究基于图像分析的矿石颗粒堆积体孔隙结构三维量化表征的方法和过程。利用X线CT技术分别获取由1~2、2~3、3~4、4~5、5~6、6~7、7~8、8~9、9~10 mm的矿石颗粒构成的单粒径堆积体的断层图像,基于Matlab自行开发了三维重构及图像分析程序,计算并分析体孔隙率、孔隙尺寸分布以及孔隙连通度3个参数。结果表明,颗粒堆积体的体孔隙率、平均孔隙尺寸和有效孔隙尺寸(d50)随着颗粒粒径的增大而增加,孔隙尺寸服从对数正态分布或正态分布,基于聚类标记算法得到的孔隙连通度也大致随着颗粒粒径的增大而增加。     

Al-TiO2系XD合成铝基复合材料的反应机理

分析了Al-TiO2系XD合成铝基复合材料的反应机理.研究表明:Al与TiO2之间可自发进行强放热反应,燃烧温度随增强相体积分数的增加而增加,在增强相体积分数为50%时,燃烧温度已达1 960 K,远高于Merzhanov的经验判据值1 800 K;反应产物Al2O3是由液态Al与固态TiO2直接反应产生的,呈细小颗粒状,偏聚于基体颗粒的界面;Al. Ti是活性Ti原子扩散穿过反应层进入铝液与液态Al结合生成的,呈短棒状,分布相对均匀;影响反应速率的主要因素有:TiO2颗粒尺寸、燃烧温度、反应活化能、反应界面面积等.     

纳米银颗粒的Debye温度与粒径的关系

本大利用双温X射线衍射法测算了不同粒径纳米银颗粒的Debye温度发现多数样品的Debye温度高于大块银晶体的特征值，且存在一个临界尺寸当粒径小于临界值时，Debye温度随粒径变小而降低，当样品的粒径大于临界值时，其Debye温度低于临界尺寸所对应的特征值纳米银颗粒的Debye温度和粒径的关系为四，这一关系式较好地解释了实验结果     

金刚石/碳化硅/铝复合材料的热膨胀性能

采用气压浸渗法制备金刚石/碳化硅/铝复合材料,研究复合材料的断口形貌以及界面反应,测试复合材料的热膨胀性能。结果表明:金刚石表面Ti镀层使得其选择性粘附不同于未镀钛金刚石的,而在各个面上均粘附有Al,金刚石与基体间有着良好的界面结合,断裂方式以基体断裂为主,其界面反应后,Ti以Al3Ti和Ti-Al-Si等金属间化合物的形式析出,提高金刚石/铝界面的结合强度,降低复合材料的热膨胀系数;随着金刚石颗粒粒径的增大,金刚石和碳化硅颗粒间粒径比的增大增加了整个复合材料的体积分数,从而降低了其热膨胀系数;金刚石颗粒粒径增大导致热膨胀系数升高。这两方面共同影响复合材料的热膨胀系数,但前者起主导作用;金刚石和碳化硅在不同配比下的热膨胀系数随着复合材料中碳化硅含量的增加逐渐增大,Terner模型与Kerner模型的计算平均值能较好地预测实验结果。     

6061铝合金超声波点焊温度场数值模拟及试验

针对超声波焊接过程中温度演化过程监测存在的困难,考虑焊接过程中塑性变形产热和高频摩擦产热,建立了三维超声波焊接热-结构耦合Ansys有限元模型,模拟了6061铝合金超声波金属焊接过程,计算了不同焊接参数下的温度场,用细丝热电偶测温试验验证了焊接温度.结果表明,焊接过程中焊接区域最高温度模拟值与试验值误差在5%以内,表明了模型的准确性;温度最高处位于焊接区域中心位置,高温区随焊接时间的增大而增大;超声波金属焊接过程中,温度场主要受焊接压力及焊接时间的影响.     

油液颗粒过滤器动态过滤特性仿真与实验研究

现有油液颗粒过滤器的过滤模型采用基于时间平均概念的理论过滤比,没有考虑系统温度、流量波动等动态运行因素对过滤比的影响。为此,基于滤前、滤中和滤后的系统理论建立油液颗粒过滤器的动态过滤理论模型,研究基于动态过滤比的油液颗粒过滤器过滤特性。与传统的基于恒定过滤比的方法相比,所提方法考虑重复过滤和重复污染的影响,能够实现对油液颗粒过滤器过滤效果的准确表征。通过机械传动系统污染控制系统的仿真分析与实验研究,验证所提方法的有效性。结果表明：油液颗粒过滤器动态过滤比随着重复过滤率和重复污染率的增大而不断减小;当污染控制系统流量较大、压力较高和温度较低时,油液颗粒过滤器的动态过滤比较大。     

POEM法制备微米级Cu球形粒子的传热与凝固行为研究

脉冲微孔喷射法（POEM）制备微米级球形粒子是典型的无容器传热和凝固过程,制备出的球形粒子具有粒径均一、圆整度高、热履历一致等特点,对流和辐射主导的传热机制对其制备工艺、凝固过程和组织控制至关重要。针对脉冲微孔喷射法微米级球形金属粒子的制备过程、冷却传热与凝固特征,本文建立了三维球坐标系下的粒子传热与凝固数值计算模型,考虑纯Cu粒子在无约束凝固过程中的对流和辐射换热特点,采用温度回升法处理纯金属的凝固潜热,计算了金属粒子在凝固过程不同阶段的温度变化与分布特点,考察了粒子凝固进程中的温度梯度、冷却速率、液固界面推进与凝固速度;模拟分析粒子的对流、辐射换热特征及贡献强度,探讨了不同制备工艺对粒子对流换热的影响,为POEM法微米级球形粒子制备工艺的优化和凝固过程调控提供参考。     

Numerical model and experimental observation for distribution of SiCp in electromagnetic-centrifugally cast composites

A two-phase numerical model coupled with heat transfer was presented to describe the radial distribution of SiC particles on centrifugally-cast metal matrix composite,and a transverse static magnetic field was concurrently imposed to induce electromagnetic stirring of the melt as it revolved with the mold.Meanwhile,experimental observations were also carried out to examine the radial distribution of SiC particles in pure aluminum.The effects of the imposed magnetic field,particle size and the matrix metals were discussed.The computational results show that the particles tend to be congregated by the centrifugal force,and both increasing the imposed magnetic field and decreasing the particle size tend to result in even distribution of the particles.With the magnetic field varying from 0 to 1 T and the particle size from 550 to 180 μm,a uniform distribution of the particles in the aluminum matrix can be obtained among the computational results.The matrix metal can also influence the particle distributions due to the difference in physical properties of metals.Experimental observation shows similar tendency of particle distributions in aluminum matrix influenced by magnetic field and particle size.However,the chilling effect from the mold wall results in an outer particle-free zone,which is not involved in the numerical model.     

Numerical modeling of a low temperature high velocity air fuel spraying process with injection of liquid and metal particles

An analysis of a low temperature high velocity air fuel (LTHVAF) thermal spray process is presented using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The originality of the process lies in the injection of liquid (water) upstream of the powder injection to control to gas temperature and, therefore, the heat transfer to the injected particles. First, computation fluid dynamic techniques are implemented to solve the mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations in the gas phase. A turbulence model based on the renormalized group theory (RNG) is used for the turbulent flow field. The gas dynamic data are, then, used to model the behavior of the liquid droplets and particles in the gas flow field. The calculated results show that the liquid flow rate should range between 20 and 30 kg/h to achieve the optimal gas characteristics for particle treatment. They also show that particle velocity and temperature are strongly affected by particle size. At the gun exit, the particle velocity and temperature range between 700 and 300 m/s and between 900 and 400 K, respectively, for Cu and Ni particles with size distributions of 1 to 50 μm. As expected, the smaller particles have higher velocity and temperature. The metal coatings (Nickel and copper) produced by the LTHVAF spray process are characterized by low oxide content, low residual stresses, high deposition rates, and good bonding to the substrate.     

Combustion synthesis of VC/Fe composites under the action of an electric field

Composites of VC/Fe have been synthesized from reactant mixtures of graphite, iron, and ferrovanadium by a field-assisted combustion synthesis method in a Gleeble thermal simulation instrument. With the aid of a high electric current, a relatively low onset temperature for the combustion reaction, between 691 °C and 813 °C, could be achieved. The ignition temperature and ignition delay time of the reaction decreased with the increase of the reactant V content and the preset heating rate of the process, and the decrease of ferrovanadium particle size. These technologic parameters also affected the final phase and grain size of vanadium carbide particles in the products.     

Numerical modeling of in-flight characteristics of inconel 625 particles during high-velocity oxy-fuel thermal spraying

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed to predict particle dynamic behavior in a high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) thermal spray gun in which premixed oxygen and propylene are burnt in a combustion chamber linked to a long, parallel-sided nozzle. The particle transport equations are solved in a Lagrangian manner and coupled with the two-dimensional, axisymmetric, steady state, chemically reacting, turbulent gas flow. Within the particle transport model, the total flow of the particle phase is modeled by tracking a small number of particles through the continuum gas flow, and each of these individual particles is tracked independently through the continuous phase. Three different combustion chamber designs were modeled, and the in-flight particle characteristics of Inconel were 625 studied. Results are presented to show the effect of process parameters, such as particle injection speed and location, total gas flow rate, fuel-to-oxygen gas ratio, and particle size on the particle dynamic behavior for a parallel-sided, 12 mm long combustion chamber. The results indicate that the momentum and heat transfer to particles are primarily influenced by total gas flow. The 12 mm long chamber can achieve an optimum performance for Inconel 625 powder particles ranging in diameter from 20 to 40 μm. At a particular spraying distance, an optimal size of particles is observed with respect to particle temperature. The effect of different combustion chamber dimensions on particle dynamics was also investigated. The results obtained for both a 22 mm long chamber and also one with a conical, converging design are compared with the baseline data for the 12 mm chamber.     

MAfHEMAfICAL MODEL FOR MELTING PROCESSES OF SOLID ARTICLES IMMERSED IN METAL BATHS

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Effect of process parameter on the combustion temperature of laser-induced self-propagating high-temperature synthesized Al/TiC composites

Ignition phenomena in self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) of Al–C–Ti system were studied. The experiments were performed in quasi-adiabatic conditions. A CO₂ laser was used as external energy source and was set to the influence of Al content, laser power and particle sizes of powder on the ignition behavior. The results showed the combustion temperature depended strongly on Al content, laser power and particle sizes of Ti and C; but the particle size of Al had little effect on combustion temperature, at the same time, the effect of Al content on adiabatic combustion temperature, T_ad, was calculated. According to the calculation result, adiabatic temperature decreased with the increasing of Al content.     

Mathematical modeling of the gas and powder flow in HVOF systems

A mathematical model was developed to describe the gas dynamics and heat-transfer mechanism in the gas/particle flow of high- velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) systems. A numerical solution was carried out using a PC- based computer program. One- dimensional predictions of the temperature and velocity profiles of gas and particles along the axis of flow were obtained to conduct cost- effective parametric studies and quality optimization of thermal spray coatings produced by HVOF systems. The numerical computer model allows for the variation of the HVOF system parameters, such as air/fuel ratio and flow rates, cooling water inlet temperature and flow rate, barrel length, standoff distance, particle size, and gun geometry. Because of the negligible volume of the powder relative to the gas, the gaseous phase was modeled as continuous nonadiabatic, and friction flow with variable specific heats and changing cross- sectional areas of flow. The generalized continuity, momentum, and energy equations with the influence parameters were used to model the gaseous flow regime and predict its thermodynamic properties. Empirical formulas for the mean axial decay of both velocity and temperature in the supersonic jet plume region were generated from published measurements of these parameters using laser Doppler velocimeter and Ray leigh scattering techniques, respectively. The particle drag and heat- transfer coefficients were calculated by empirical formulas in terms of Reynolds, Nusselt, and Prandtl numbers to evaluate both the momentum and heat transferred between the combustion gases and the powder particles. The model predictions showed good agreement with the particle and gas temperature and velocity measurements that are available in the literature.     

Energy Conservation for Granular Coal Injection into a Blast Furnace

Due to the lack of knowledge regarding the combustion of granular coal injected into a blast furnace, injection characteristics of granular coal were first studied through proximate analysis, element analysis, and research of explosivity, ignition point, meltability of ash, grindability, calorific value, etc. Using a sampling device in the raceway combined with petrographic analysis, during the combustion process of granular coal with high crystal water and volatile in raceway, cracks and bursts were found, leading to a reduction of particle size. Based on a model of mass control and dynamic theory of particle combustion, the transition dynamic model for cracking in combustion of granular coal was found, and the critical value of cracking ratio (Ω_P) for granular coal combustion in the raceway was calculated. Finally, the utilization ratio and energy efficiency of granular coal used in the blast furnace were discussed, offering theoretical foundation and technical support for intensifying granular coal combustion and promoting granular coal injection.