基于可视化呈现的数字化健康信息认知研究

目的 研究数字化健康信息的呈现状态和呈现方式对年轻用户健康信息认知理解的影响。方法 采用两因子组内设计的人因学实验,测试了18名年轻受试者在两种信息呈现状态（静态呈现,动态呈现）及三种信息呈现方式（条形图,仪表图,文本型）下的认知绩效、主观感知及眼动行为,并采用重复测量方差分析法分析实验数据。结果 信息呈现状态显著影响用户认知理解绩效,动态呈现方式能有效降低用户信息搜索时间。呈现方式显著影响感知易用性和满意度等主观评价指标,两种图形类方式主观感知评价显著高于文本型。信息呈现状态和呈现方式对眼动行为存在显著主效应及交互作用,条形图和文本型在动、静态呈现时的首次注视时间无显著差异,但动态仪表图的首次注视时间晚于静态仪表图。图形类呈现方式的总注视时长较之于文本型也较短,其信息认知效率较高。结论 呈现状态中,动态呈现能够提高用户提取重要信息的效率;而呈现方式中,图形类呈现方式有更好的用户主观认知评价。研究结果有助于揭示呈现状态和呈现方式对数字化健康信息认知的影响机制,为优化数字化健康信息的编码设计提供了指导。     

基于行为认知分析的消防疏散图设计研究

目的 通过分析用户疏散过程与使用消防疏散图过程的行为与认知,探讨消防疏散图产品定位和视觉设计策略。方法 通过行为观察、访谈、实验方法分析用户疏散行为与认知过程,梳理用户认知要点和需求;通过行为观察、访谈方法,结合认知理论,分析用户使用消防疏散图行为与认知过程;采用眼动仪实验和主观评价获取数据,并进行相关性分析,分析用户使用消防疏散图认知过程的关键视觉影响因子。结论 梳理了用户消防疏散的行为过程、所需信息和信息区域;梳理了消防疏散图中影响用户认知的视觉影响因子;通过眼动仪实验获取了用户使用疏散图的认知效率数据,并分析了视觉影响因子与认知效率的相关性。在以上研究基础上提出消防疏散图的原则与策略。     

信息提示方式对图形识别取样策略的影响

目的研究误导信息和纠错信息提示对被试图形识别取样策略的影响。方法文章以三维立体几何图形为为实验材料,要求被试进行对图形进行相同-不同判断,在被试首次识别图形识别后显示真正的纠错提示信息和误导提示信息,并用眼动仪记录被试的行为数据和眼动数据,探讨被试在信息提示后进行二次判断时取样策略的变化。结果发现对于难度较大的图形,被试在二次判断时会采取补充型和调整型策略。而对于较简单的图形,被试二次判断时则会选择确认型策略。结论(1)图形识别过程是高度自动化的;(2)被试对自己的评判结果有自己内在的评判力,并不完全受提示信息的影响;(3)二次判断图形识别策略归纳为三种:调整型策略、确认型策略和补充型策略。     

基于眼动实验的车载触控屏注视行为分析

目的 从驾驶员驾驶过程的实际出发,在人车交互过程中探索更舒适的车载信息触控屏位置和界面内功能栏图标位置,以及界面分布方式。方法 应用ASL眼动仪,选择有驾驶经验的青年群体作为实验被试,对车载信息系统触控屏进行眼动实验,采集驾驶员眼动信息,剖析驾驶员在驾驶过程中对车载信息触控屏做出反应的视觉注视行为。结果 驾驶员对不同的汽车触控屏设计方式做出反应的视觉注视行为存在差异。结论 对于车载信息触控屏悬浮式和内置式设计,被试对悬浮式车载信息触控屏反应的速度更快。对于车载信息触控屏通栏显示和双栏显示,通栏显示认知效率更高。对于车载信息触控屏功能栏图标左侧布局和左下侧布局,功能栏图标左下侧布局方式能使被试更快地完成实验任务。     

大学生网页浏览的眼动行为及影响因素研究

本文研究大学生浏览网页的眼动行为及影响因素,为网页设计提供借鉴。共34名大学生参加了实验。被试随机浏览六幅静态网页,每幅浏览时间10 s,利用眼动仪记录其眼动行为,指标为注视点时间和区域分布。结果表明:被试整体的注视点时间分布稳定,注视点时间集中在60m s~400m s之间;被试在浏览网页时存在明显的区域偏好,其偏好顺序为中-左上-右上与左下-右下;男性被试的平均注视点时间比女性被试要短;不同类型网页的注视点平均时间有显著差异。     

基于视觉认知特性的作战显控界面信息结构布局研究

目的 智能化作战趋势相应地会对在作战显控系统界面的信息量和信息呈现内容提出要求。针对未来态势环境下显控界面信息结构更为复杂,且融入更多信息的显控系统界面需要不断迭代的问题,从显控界面的信息结构分类展开实验研究,设计不同的信息结构布局类型,从而进行认知绩效的视觉搜索测评实验。方法 通过文献分析,从认知特性与界面信息架构布局、飞行员的认知行为等方面出发,对相关成果进行综述梳理。运用眼动追踪实验,设计针对不同任务的视觉搜索实验,从而对不同信息布局形式的认知绩效进行评估测量。结果 实验结果表明,在“作战”与“导航”任务场景中“纵向任务栏型”布局形式整体更优于“横向主图型”任务布局。在“作战”任务中,纵向三分类型布局形式的绩效水平更优;在“导航”任务中,纵向二分类型布局形式的绩效水平更优。结论 针对复杂显控作战界面的信息呈现,可以通过设定与作战任务相匹配的不同结构布局来优化信息模块的合理分配方式,对后续在作战显控界面的信息模块布局设计优化起到一定参考作用。     

起飞阶段不同能见度对飞行员的眼动行为影响分析

目的为了研究飞行员在低能见度下的眼动行为模式与工作负荷。方法使用Smart Eye眼动仪跟踪被试的眼睛,使用Prepare 3D模拟飞行软件构建仿真实验平台,开展不同能见度下的起飞模拟飞行实验。结果低能见度下起飞使用平视显示器飞行员主观工作负荷有所增加,但并不显著;低能见度下,飞行员眼动行为有差异,但并不显著。结论起飞阶段,使用平视显示仪,低能见度对被试人员的工作负荷、信息感知、搜索、加工过程并无显著影响。     

烟盒警告标签设计的眼动研究

目的为了评估初吸烟高危人群对不同呈现形式的烟草警告标签的认知,并对不同类型警告标签的效果进行对比研究。方法采用了3×3重复测量双因素眼动实验设计和问卷调查相结合的方式。收集139名大学生观看9幅烟草警告标签时的眼动数据,记录其在观看图片时的注视次数、注视时长、首次注视时间等数据。利用问卷收集实验参与者看完烟盒图片后的记忆、认知、态度及潜在行为。结论烟盒表面中上部醒目位置的警告标签最能引起人们的注意,生动反应吸烟危害健康的真实图警告标签的警示作用最强。定期更换烟盒表面警告标签的内容和形式有利于增加初吸烟高危人群对吸烟有害健康的关注和认知,增加其对吸烟的厌恶程度,从而减少吸烟行为。     

苗绣纹样搜索中草图和文本检索的认知负荷对比研究

目的 为了探究一种更高效的苗绣纹样检索方式,通过对手绘草图检索及文本检索过程中的认知负荷来进行对比研究。方法 首先通过构建认知负荷信息检索过程模型,对5个认知阶段的平均认知负荷及所需时间进行实验对比;其次通过眼动指标(持续注视时间、眼球扫视振幅、眼球直径)及NASA-TLX评估对两种检索过程的认知负荷进行分析;最后基于眼动追踪得到可视化眼动数据(热点图、注视轨迹)验证是否符合检索任务需求。结论 基于手绘草图的图形检索方式更适合于苗绣纹样检索,通过主、客观融合对比实验验证了草图检索的高效性,同时也验证了眼动追踪和NASA_TLX具有相关性,能更有效地进行认知负荷测量。     

新媒体语境下图形图像语言在平面设计中的蜕变

目的研究平面设计中的图形图像语言在新媒体语境下从传统静止状态到动态图形的转变。方法通过分析图形从静态到动态的转变,讨论转变的时代性是平面设计发展的必然趋势。对照动态图形的概念,以动态标志、动态海报和品牌APP等为研究对象,归纳总结动态图形的在平面设计运用中的特点。结论新媒体语境下,平面设计中图形语言的表现方式发生了由"静"到"动"的革命性变化,这种变化标志着传统平面设计进入了新的时代。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.