导电织物的电磁屏蔽性能研究

通过对金属纤维含量不同的混纺织物的电磁屏蔽效能测试,对导电织物的屏蔽性能进行了研究。分析了无限大金属网电磁屏蔽效能解析模型与金属纤维混纺织物的屏蔽效能之间的区别,并进一步研究了金属纤维密度和类型、织物的组织结构、金属纤维在纱线结构中的分布和经纬纱线的排列等因素对导电织物电磁屏蔽效能的影响。     

新产品新技术(152)

织物纤维金属化的电子纺织技术在英国电路技术协会(ICT)的2019圣诞研讨会上,有介绍如何利用电路板技术可以彻底改变电子纺织技术和可穿戴产品市场。这种方法与使用印刷导电油墨或将导电线缝合到织物上的方法有着根本的不同,其原理是使用化学方法将一层薄的金属层粘合到织物的纤维上,这导致织物本身在纤维上具有导电性。已经申请了一项全加成纳米颗粒催化键合工艺的专利,类似于PCB金属化过程。该工艺首先用氢氧化钠溶液调节织物,然后用阳离子聚电解质交联剂活化,纳米金属颗粒通过印刷工艺附着成图案,然后通过化学镀形成金属层,最后通过金属或有机涂层进行钝化。该工艺适用于各种针织、机织或无纺布、天然或合成织物,能产生高导电性的沉积物。织物具有强大的洗涤、拉伸和折叠性能,并且不影响其手感或透气性。     

Lyocell混纺——给纺织工业带来的附加效益

Ｌｙｏｃｅｌｌ具有迄今为止在其他纤维素纤维中从未有过的纤维强力特性，Ｌｙｏｃｅｌｌ的产品性能可以有与高质量的、长绒棉相媲美，甚至在某种情况下优于长绒棉。可以认为，在未来纺织工业中，针得到广泛的应用。介绍了Ｌｙｏｃｅｌｌ纤维与胶纤维、莫代尔纤维或棉混纺品的性能。     

频率选择表面纺织材料应用

采用频率选择表面结构的纺织材料实现了纺织品和电子元件的完美结合,赋予了传统纺织品智能化的新功能。提出了设计频率选择表面纺织材料的可视化传输线方法,并实现了频率选择表面纺织材料在雷达吸波材料、织物天线性能改善以及频率选择性通信窗上的应用。     

古墓葬出土纺织纤维的微观形态结构分析

利用扫描电镜和偏光显微镜对山西横水西周墓地出土青铜器上残留纺织纤维的微观形态结构进行了显微分析,结合现代纺织学研究成果对其进行了细致的比较研究.结果表明:出土纺织纤维为天然纤维素纤维,分为苎麻和大麻两类,说明西用时期山西南部地区已经采用苎麻、大麻纤维作为纺织原料编制织物.研究结果也表明,显微分析技术非常适合古墓葬出土少...     

旋转线偏振光成像方法在纺织品纤维检测中的应用

纺织品纤维成分和含量榆测是纺织品检测里最基本的检测项日之一.当前广泛采用的各纤维检测方法一?换 般都需要制样、人工判断检测等步骤,检测效率不高.旋转线偏振光成像方法是一种基于多角度入射线偏振角和出射检偏角组合测量的新方法,经拟合可以得到入射线偏振角和出射检偏角之间的甬数关系式,并从中提取与纤维微结构丰日关的一个特征参量.利用该参量值和分布的不同,能够比较明显地区分常见的纺织晶纤维.在单成分纤维测世结果的基础上,该方法还具有对混纺纤维进行成分和含量检测的可行性.这是一种检测纤维成分的新方法,具有无损、在体、快速检测的特点.     

棉麻纤维的中红外光谱的特异性探索

棉、麻纤维鉴别是纺织纤维定性分析的一个难点。它对检测人员的要求高,且检测结果易受人为因素影响。通过用相关分析法和峰强比值法对棉、麻的中红外光谱与反映棉、麻晶体结构的结晶度和取向度指标进行综合分析,得到了棉和麻的特征光谱和基准光谱。由于棉、麻的取向度存在显著差异,选取取向度的中红外特征波长,然后通过回归分析,得到了取向度与棉、麻中红外光谱的回归方程。该回归方程即可对棉、麻进行区分。该方法简便、快速、无损而且环保,无纺织背景的检测人员也可在1～2 min内得到检测结果。研究结果表明,该方法可有效简化棉、麻鉴别实验,从而提高工作效率。     

PET织物表面紫外激光辐照改性与等离子体改性的比较

分别对PET织物的紫外激光改性和等离子体改性进行了实验研究,并利用水滴扩散时间、水珠在织物表面的扩散形状两个参数来比较了两种方法的改性效果,还应用FTIR光谱以及SEM图像分析了这两种方法在织物表面引起的化学和物理变化.发现248 nm的紫外激光辐照使织物表面产生波浪状微观结构,改善了织物染色性能,但对于织物的亲水性却没有什么改进,而氧气等离子体作用于织物后,改善了织物的亲水性和染色性,四氟化碳等离子体作用于织物表面后,增加了织物的疏水性.最后我们分析了这两种不同改性效果的产生原因,比较了两种改性方法的优缺点,并展望了激光改性以及等离子体改性在纺织工业上的应用前景.(OE7)     

实时虚拟织物动画研究

织物动画模拟在虚拟现实、3D动画和计算机游戏中有着广泛的应用,而真实感和实时性是织物动画模拟中的核心问题.本文在分析织物物理性能的基础上,采用质点-弹簧模型进行织物建模,运用动力学原理,对模型进行了受力分析.给出了一个织物实时动画模拟算法,算法采用四阶-龙格库塔法进行数值计算.实验证明,该方法能逼真地显示织物动画,同时也具有较强的实时性.     

三维织物动态模拟的研究与实现

本文主要研究了三维织物动态模拟的实现过程。文章分别从织物模型、质点位置的计算方法等方面针对现有的方法进行综合分析,根据每种方法的特点进行选择,并最终在计算机上进行了模拟实现。实验结果表明,布料的模拟效果较为真实,运行过程流畅,对硬件配置无较高要求。     

纺织基底无芯片RFID 湿度传感器

研制了一种无湿敏材料的纺织基底无芯片RFID 湿度传感器用于检测环境湿度。通过射频仿真软件 HFSS,获得谐振频率在2. 45 GHz 具有较高品质因数的纺织基底谐振器模型,对以谐振频率偏移量作为灵敏度指标 的检测原理进行了仿真。利用丝网印刷工艺和刻绘工艺分别在不同类型纺织物上制作了无芯片RFID 湿度传感器, 系统研究了制作工艺、纺织品类型和厚度对传感器湿敏特性的影响。结果表明,0. 5 mm 厚度下不同基底类型湿度传 感器的灵敏度由高至低依次为:棉基底、亚麻基底、聚酯纤维基底,恢复特性呈相反顺序,其中棉基底传感器在高湿 范围内平均灵敏度达3. 8 MHz/ %RH,聚酯纤维基底传感器恢复度达86%;相同类型的棉纺织基底下基底厚度越大, 平均湿度灵敏度越高,恢复特性越差。传感器稳定性测试表明传感器具有较好的中长期稳定性。对纺织基底湿度 传感器的感湿机理进行了分析,纺织纤维中的亲水基团与水分子间形成氢键,改变了基底的介电参数,传感器的湿 敏特性与组成纺织品的纤维成分、纤维细度、编织方式有关。     

Reversible Water Transportation Diode: Temperature‐Adaptive Smart Janus Textile for Moisture/Thermal Management

“Air‐conditioning” textiles with thermal‐ or moisture‐managing functions are of high interest for not only improving human comfort but also reducing energy consumption. However, making the textile sensitive to the surrounding environment and exhibit adaptive thermal/moisture management still remains a great challenge. Herein, a double‐sided synergetic Janus textile is developed, featuring reversible diode‐like water transportation and adjustable thermal convection upon temperature change. The incorporated responsive polymer networks with inverse transitions on the opposite sides provide synergistic surface energy gradients and capillary gradients that generate drying and cooling effects (with 50% faster water evaporation and 1.2–2.3 °C cooler than with cotton fabric) in hot weather while offering thermal preservation (120 s longer needed to be cooled down and maximumly 3.3 °C warmer than with cotton fabric) in a cold environment. This method could provide ideas for the development of more adaptive textiles and clothing to address maximum personal comfort in demanding situations.     

棉涤混合纺织面料含量的近红外光谱检测

文章采用逐步多元线性回归来选择面料吸收光谱1300nm～1800nm的特征波长,就棉和涤纶的混合面料进行含量检测研究。通过计算相关系数,对平滑处理后的吸收数据建立校准方程,棉和涤纶的检测精度为6%。实验表明近红外检测可以用于纺织面料的定性和定量分析。     

A color phase shift profilometry for the fabric defect detection

For fabric defect identification in the textile industry, a three-dimensional （3D） color phase shift profilometry （CPSP） method is proposed. The detecting system is mainly composed of one CCD camera and one digital-light-processing （DLP） projector. Before detection, the system should be calibrated to make sure the camera parameters. The CPSP color grating is projected to the measured fabric by DLP projector, and then it is collected by CCD camera to obtain the grating phase. The 3D measurement can be completed by the grating phase difference. In image acquisition, only invariable grating is projected to the object. In order to eliminate the interference from background light during the image acquisition, the brightness correction method is researched for improving the detection accuracy. The experi- mental results show that the false rate of detecting the fabric defects is 5.78%, the correct rates of detecting the fabric defects of hole and qualified fabric are both 100%, and the correct rates of detecting the fabric defect of scratch and fold are 98% and 96%, respectively. The experiment proves that the proposed method can accurately identify fabric defects.     

Rugged Textile Electrodes for Wearable Devices Obtained by Vapor Coating Off‐the‐Shelf,Plain‐Woven Fabrics

Fabrics are pliable, breathable, lightweight, ambient stable, and have unmatched haptic perception. Here, a vapor deposition method is used to transform off‐the‐shelf plain‐woven fabrics, such as linen, silk, and bast fiber fabrics, into metal‐free conducting electrodes. These fabric electrodes are resistant to wear, stable after laundering and ironing, and can be body‐mounted with little detriment to their performance. A unique by‐product of conformally vapor coating plain‐woven fabrics is that textile parameters, such as thread material and fabric porosity, significantly affect the conductivity of the resulting fabric electrodes. The resistivities of the electrodes reported herein are linearly, not exponentially, dependent on length, meaning that they can be feasibly incorporated into garments and other large‐area body‐mounted devices. Further, these fabric electrodes possess the feel, weight, breathability, and pliability of standard fabrics, which are important to enable adoption of wearable devices.     

Weave patterned organic transistors on fiber for E-textiles

Flexible transistors were formed directly on fibers in a novel weave-masking fabrication process. Pentacene fiber transistors exhibit mobilities of >0.5 cm/sup 2//V-s measured at 20 V V/sub DD/ and operate stably under a wide range of flexion stress. Devices are defined and positioned solely by a weaving pattern, meaning that simple circuits could potentially be directly built into fabric during manufacturing. This development offers a novel approach for providing information routing within fabric, which is currently a major hurdle in electronic textile development.     

Development of Real-Time Vision-Based Fabric Inspection System

Quality inspection of textile fabric products is an important problem for fabric manufacturers. This paper presents an automatic vision-based system for the quality control of web textile fabrics. Typical web material is 1–3 m wide and is driven with speeds ranging from 20 to 200 m/min. At present, the quality inspection process is manually performed by experts. However, they cannot detect more than 60% of the overall defects for the fabric if it is moving faster than 30 m/min. To increase the quality and homogeneity of fabrics, an automated visual inspection system is needed for better productivity. Currently, the existing inspection systems are too expensive for small companies. In this paper, a PC-based real-time inspection system is proposed with benefits of low cost and high detection rate. The proposed algorithm showed good results for several types of fabric defects.     

A wearable health care system based on knitted integrated sensors.

A comfortable health monitoring system named WEALTHY is presented. The system is based on a textile wearable interface implemented by integrating sensors, electrodes, and connections in fabric form, advanced signal processing techniques, and modern telecommunication systems. Sensors, electrodes and connections are realized with conductive and piezoresistive yarns. The sensorized knitted fabric is produced in a one step process. The purpose of this paper is to show the feasibility of a system based on fabric sensing elements. The capability of this system to acquire simultaneously several biomedical signals (i.e. electrocardiogram, respiration, activity) has been investigated and compared with a standard monitoring system. Furthermore, the paper presents two different methodologies for the acquisition of the respiratory signal with textile sensors. Results show that the information contained in the signals obtained by the integrated systems is comparable with that obtained by standard sensors. The proposed system is designed to monitor individuals affected by cardiovascular diseases, in particular during the rehabilitation phase. The system can also help professional workers who are subject to considerable physical and psychological stress and/or environmental and professional health risks.     

基于近红外激光光纤导入技术的猪肉肥瘦度检测方法

为了实现高精度、快速的肉质成分检测,研究并设计了一种基于近红外激光光源的光纤导入结构的猪肉肥瘦成分检测方法。系统采用波长为670nm的激光二极管作为检测光源,分光比为10∶90的光纤耦合器将光源分为两束,选择其中90%通光一端作为检测光束,利用光谱仪采集反射光;将光纤导入探针,设计采用球形光纤端面以增加对反射光的接收面积。实验中探针分别刺入猪肉的不同部分,经过在肥瘦区域的实验对比分析,肥肉部分产生的反射光较强,瘦肉部分产生的反射光较弱;建立了包含50个样本的数据库,通过对样本进行分析,瘦肥正确识别率为96%。