碘化多壁碳纳米管制备含有Ag/MWCNTs复合材料的银-环氧树脂浆料

提出一种将多壁碳纳米管碘化后制备银/多壁碳纳米管（Ag/MWCNTs）复合材料的方法。通过球磨对碘化多壁碳纳米管进行了功能化,并通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、拉曼光谱和热重分析（TG）对其进行了表征。结果表明,经碘化处理后,银纳米粒子（Ag-NPs）能更好地粘附在碳纳米管表面,改善了银纳米粒子与碳纳米管之间的连接。羟基（-OH）基团的伸缩振动明显增强,激活了碳纳米管的表面,增加了碳纳米管表面Ag⁺形核的数量。在260 ℃以下,Ag/MWCNTs复合材料的质量损失小于MWCNTs的质量损失。最后,制备了银-环氧树脂浆料,发现使用Ag/MWCNTs复合物制备的浆料具有最低的电阻率和最高的热导率。     

微弧等离子喷涂MWCNTs/Al_2O_3涂层介电性能研究

以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)和氧化铝(Al2O3)为原料,采用微弧等离子喷涂技术制备了MWCNTs/Al2O3复合涂层。分析了涂层的微观结构,研究了MWCNTs含量对涂层介电性能的影响。结果表明:涂层内部分碳纳米管与附近完全熔融氧化铝颗粒连接紧密,起到良好的桥接作用。介电性能测试表明:随碳纳米管含量的增加,涂层复介电常数实部(ε')和虚部(ε')显著增加。当MWCNTs含量为16wt%时,涂层的ε'和ε'数值在8.2~12.4 GHz内随频率增加而呈现降低的趋势。     

石墨烯/SnO2纳米纤维复合材料的制备及吸波性能的研究

采用静电纺丝、超声混合和热处理等方法制备石墨烯/SnO_2纳米纤维复合材料,然后使用X射线衍射(XRD)、电子显微镜(SEM/TEM)和矢量网络分析仪(VNA)等设备对其微观结构和吸波性能进行表征。结果表明:当厚度为3.0mm时,石墨烯/SnO_2纳米复合纤维材料在11.7GHz频率下的反射损耗(RL)可以达到极值-48.1dB,且低于-10dB的频宽可以达到6.1GHz。由于RL值低于-10dB,表示超过90%的入射电磁波可以被吸收,故石墨烯/SnO_2纳米纤维复合材料具有较好的吸波性能。     

微波合成WCx/MWCNTs及其电催化性能研究

目的制备多壁碳纳米管负载碳化钨的纳米复合材料(WC_x/MWCNTs),探索微波加热温度对WC_x/MWCNTs合成的影响规律。方法利用分子自组装技术与微波加热技术相结合,以钨酸钠为W源,制备了WC_x/MWCNTs纳米复合材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜技术(TEM)对不同条件下制得样品的物相组成、结构及微观形貌进行了表征;采用循环伏安法在酸性环境下测试了WC_x/MWCNTs对氢和CH3OH的电催化性能。结果当微波加热温度为1000℃时,制备的WC_x/MWCNTs纳米复合材料由WC、WC2和C组成,碳纳米管的多壁结构保留较好,碳化钨颗粒均匀地分布在碳纳米管外表面,粒径为20~50 nm。循环伏安测试结果表明,制备的WC_x/MWCNTs在酸性环境下对氢具有一定的催化作用,但对甲醇没有明显的电催化作用。结论通过控制合理的微波加热温度,可制备出碳化钨粒径小、分布均匀、碳纳米管多壁结构完好的WC_x/MWCNTs纳米复合材料。制备的WC_x/MWCNTs在酸性环境下对氢具有一定的催化作用,可作为催化剂载体来负载其他金属制备复合催化剂。     

Co3O4/Biomass-rGO异质结构纳米片的微波吸收性能

目的调节Co3O4纳米粒子的电磁匹配,以实现最佳的电磁波吸收性能,同时实现对轻质、强吸收、宽频带、小厚度电磁波吸收材料的追求。方法通过玉米秸秆制备生物质-rGO,采用水热法将生物质-rGO引入到Co3O4纳米粒子中制备具有异质结构的Co3O4/biomass-rGO纳米片。通过X射线衍射分析仪、透射电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜测试,分别对Co3O4/biomass-rGO异质结构纳米片的组成、形貌以及结构进行表征,同时通过矢量网络分析仪测试分析生物质-rGO的引入对Co3O4/biomass-rGO异质结构纳米片吸波性能的影响。结果生物质-rGO的引入明显提高了Co3O4/biomass-rGO异质结构纳米片在2~18 GHz频率范围的电磁波吸收性能,不仅降低了有效吸收体厚度,同时还拓展了有效吸收频带宽度。在厚度为1.5 mm、频率为15.8 GHz时,达到–36.1 dB的最大反射损耗值。有效吸收频带宽度为15 GHz,在S、C、X、Ku波段均存在有效吸收,实现了在1.0~5.5 mm宽厚度范围内的全部有效吸收。结论通过引入生物质-rGO可以有效改善Co3O4的电磁匹配和介电损耗。     

Sn1- x Sm x O2 微纳米纤维的红外发射率与激光吸收性能：实验研究与第一性原理仿真

采用静电纺丝法结合热处理工艺制备了Sn_1-xSm_xO₂(x=0%,8%,16%,24%,质量分数,下同)微纳米纤维,表征了产物的物相、形貌、激光吸收性能和红外发射率,同时基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理对比分析了Sn_1-xSm_xO₂(x=0%,16%)的相关光电性质,进一步从电子结构角度解释了Sm³⁺掺杂对SnO₂红外发射率和激光吸收的作用机理。结果表明：经600℃煅烧后,Sn_1-xSm_xO₂均为单一金红石型结构,呈现出良好的纤维形貌,纤维相互交错,形成无规则三维网状结构,且各元素在纤维上分布均匀。随着Sm³⁺掺杂量的增大,产物在1064和1550 nm处的反射率逐渐降低,红外发射率先减小后增大。当x=16%时,在1064 nm处的反射率为53.9%,在1550nm处的反射率为38.5%,在8-14μm波段的红外发射率为0.749...     

碳包覆坡莫合金纳米颗粒的爆轰法制备及吸波性能研究

采用尿素络合硝酸铁、硝酸镍制成的掺杂铁镍离子的安全性复合炸药,爆轰合成了碳包覆纳米坡莫合金复合粒子。通过TEM、XRD、Raman光谱对纳米粒子进行了形貌、结构和成分分析表明,所合成纳米粒子呈球形核壳结构,粒径为40～60nm,中心为铁镍合金核,外包覆层为石墨层与无定形碳。为检验所合成的碳包覆坡莫合金粒子的电磁波吸收性能,将之与石蜡制成复合涂层,通过矢量网格分析仪,在2～18 GHz吸收频段对不同厚度复合涂层进行了电磁损耗能力测定。结果表明,当涂层厚度为2mm时,铁镍原子比1:4纳米粒子的吸波层出现了双吸收峰,峰值分别为-14.6dB (9.7 GHz)和-7.7 dB (14.3 GHz),-10 dB吸收频带范围为8.5～11.8 GHz;而铁镍原子比1:1纳米粒子的吸波层吸收波峰在12.88 GHz,峰值为-30,-10 dB的吸收频带范围为9.7～14.4 GHz,具有较宽吸收频带和优良的吸波性能。     

Co含量对MOFs衍生的片状Co/C复合材料吸波性能的影响

金属有机骨架(MOFs)衍生的磁性金属/碳复合材料在轻质吸波材料领域展现出巨大的潜力。以二维片状结构Co/Zn双金属MOFs为前驱体通过高温热解合成片状Co/C复合材料,系统研究了前驱体中Co/Zn摩尔比对复合材料形貌结构、石墨化程度、磁性能和吸波性能的影响。结果表明：金属Co纳米微粒在碳骨架中均匀分布,随着Co含量的减少,复合材料中碳组分的石墨化程度逐渐降低,铁磁特性逐渐减弱;片状Co/C复合材料的吸波性能随着Co含量的降低先增强后减弱,填充比例为30 wt%、Co/Zn摩尔比为4:1时片状Co/C复合材料具有最佳吸波性能,厚度为2.11 mm时在10.8 GHz处最小反射率为-23.09 dB,最大有效带宽(反射率小于-10 dB)在厚度为1.62 mm时达到4.96 GHz。复合材料良好的吸波性能是由于均匀分布的磁性Co纳米粒子和碳骨架的协同作用,在增强电磁波导电损耗和界面极化损耗的同时,改善了阻抗匹配性能。     

钯/多壁碳纳米管作为直接甲醇燃料电池阳极材料

将Pd纳米颗粒负载在功能化的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)上制备出Pd/MWCNTs催化剂.应用TEM、XRD对其进行表征,并利用循环伏安(CVs)、时间电流法检测其对碱性溶液中甲醇的催化活性.结果表明,Pd纳米颗粒高分散在功能化的多壁碳纳米管上,在碱性溶液中Pd/MWCNTs催化剂对甲醇显出了高的催化活性和稳定性.     

纳米Co3O4/CNTs复合粒子的制备及其对AP和AP/HTPB推进剂热分解催化性能的研究

以碳纳米管为载体,采用化学沉淀法制备了Co3O4/CNTs复合粒子,使用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、比表面积分析仪(BET)等手段对产物的结构、形貌、粒度和比表面积进行表征,并用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了纳米Co3O4、纯CNTs及Co3O4/CNTs复合粒子对高氯酸铵(AP)及AP/HTPB推进剂热分解的催化效果.结果表明Co3O4/CNTs复合粒子结晶好、包复均匀、比表面积大;此复合粒子可使AP和AP/HTPB推进剂的高温分解峰分别降低153.06℃和60.0℃,使总表观分解热分别增加了1063 J/g和920 J/g,表现出显著的催化性能,其催化性能明显优于纯纳米Co3O4和纯CNTs.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。