MRI脑部图像头骨剥离方法研究

头骨剥离是脑组织分割过程中的关键环节.针对传统的MRI脑组织分割中头骨剥离速度较慢,分割精度不高的问题,提出一种基于水平集的头骨剥离方法.首先根据脑部图像灰度特征确定初始分割曲线,然后将曲线看成高维函数的零水平集,最后利用灰度和形态特征控制高维函数水平集演化,通过高维函数的演化确定曲线的演化,使曲线达到待分割图像边缘.对基于水平集的方法和现有的典型方法进行仿真,仿真结果表明该方法在分割精度上有明显提高.实验证明方法可精确地将脑部组织和非脑组织分离,达到头骨剥离的目的.     

基于变分水平集的目标轮廓分割方法

针对风洞试验摄影测量技术中标识点图像边缘模糊,难以快速、准确分割的难题,设计了一种基于变分水平集的目标轮廓自动分割方法.分割模型根据图像域内零交叉曲线两侧二阶微分值符号相反的特性,构造了新的曲线演化引导函数,位于标识点内部、外部,甚至与标志点轮廓相交叉的初始曲线,在该引导项的指引下均可自动收敛到标识点边界处.同时,模型中引入新的边界函数,解决了标识点弱边缘分割过程中演化曲线边界泄露的问题.在合成图像和实际风洞模型图像上的仿真实验结果表明了该方法的准确性与优越性.     

基于改进测地线模型的医学图像分割

提出了一种由测地线活动轮廓模型GAC（Geodesic Active Contour）和局部区域信息相结合的图像分割新方法LGAC（Local Geodesic Active Contour）。构造了基于图像局部信息的演化曲线符号压力函数和演化模型,用水平集方法演化实现,零水平集能准确地在目标边缘收敛,对目标背景对比度较低的图像的分割达到理想效果。利用高斯核函数对水平集函数平滑处理以维持演化稳定,节省了计算时间。实验结果证明了该方法的可行性。     

无需重新初始化的自适应快速水平集演化模型

水平集方法已被广泛地应用在图像分割中,传统的水平集方法需要通过周期性的初始化水平集函数使得它一直保持在符号距离函数附近,然而初始化与水平集理论和实现相违背。最近,Li C等人提出一种完全不需要初始化的变分模型,该模型的主要不足就是单方向演化,即演化曲线或收缩或扩张到目标边界。针对二值图像提出一种新的基于距离保持水平集方法的活动轮廓模型,它不依赖于初始位置,演化曲线准确地收敛在目标边界,更重要的是曲线演化只需一次迭代。     

基于双符号压力函数的活动轮廓图像分割方法

为了解决测地线模型和CV模型无法同时对弱边界、灰度不均匀图像进行分割的问题,提出一种基于双符号压力函数的活动轮廓图像分割方法。首先,基于图像统计信息定义分割灰度不均匀图像的符号压力函数,基于内部和外部灰度均值给出轮廓曲线内外的全局区域灰度均值的加权组合函数,运用图像全局信息定义分割弱边界图像的符号压力函数;然后,结合统计信息的符号压力函数和全局信息的符号压力函数（简称“双符号压力函数”）,通过增加组合的权值系数,设计新的水平集演化方程;最后,将双符号压力函数引入到二值选择和高斯滤波正则化水平集模型中,构建一种基于双符号压力函数的活动轮廓图像分割算法。仿真实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地分割弱边界、灰度不均匀的图像,同时对噪声也有一定的抗干扰性。     

基于改进活动轮廓模型和视觉特性的图像分割方法

提出一种基于改进活动轮廓模型和视觉显著性分析的图像分割方法。与传统的水平集模型不同,改进的活动轮廓模型不需要进行初始化和计算符号距离函数,从而有效地提高曲线演化效率。在此基础上,提出了基于标记的多相水平集分割方法,有效地解决了复杂图像存在的灰度不均性问题。另外,为避免初始轮廓位置对分割结果的影响,采用视觉显著图获取水平集初始轮廓位置,通过对该显著图进行OSTU分割提取初始轮廓。通过实验分析,提出的方法在分割结果、速度和复杂度上较之传统的CV模型都有明显的改进。     

噪声鲁棒的水平集演化模型

针对噪声图像,基于曲线演化理论与水平集方法,提出一个对噪声鲁棒的水平集分割模型。利用图像局部和全局信息,构造一个新的速度函数,得到一个水平集演化偏微分方程。实验表明,该模型对含有高噪声的合成和真实图像有很好的分割效果,同时能准确提取弱边缘和模糊边缘,而且对轮廓初始化有很强的鲁棒性。     

基于超像素/像素协同约束和稀疏分解的活动轮廓模型

针对水平集图像分割模型的分割结果不够准确且对初始轮廓位置和噪声敏感问题,提出了超像素/像素协同约束和稀疏分解的活动轮廓模型。首先引入超像素提取图像块信息构造符号压力函数防止轮廓在演化过程中陷入局部最优;其次,构建了基于超像素/像素协同约束的能量泛函以弥补超像素无法保留局部细节的缺陷;同时,为了解决基于非全局信息的活动轮廓模型演化速度慢的问题,提出模型利用超像素块加速轮廓演化;最后引入了稀疏分解对模型进行优化以减弱局部噪声对分割精度的影响。与多种水平集分割模型的实验结果对比,证明了提出方法的有效性,尤其与原始的二值选择和高斯滤波正则化水平集模型相比,提出方法对噪声和初始轮廓位置不敏感,平均Jaccard相似度系数提升了34%。     

磁共振颅脑图像的脑组织自动获取方法

提出了一种针对MRI磁共振图像通过两次分割实现颅脑图像脑组织自动获取的方法.通过基于Catt扩散模型的各项异性滤波,实现了在保持图像细节的同时有效地消除图像的噪声.然后通过改进的基于相似性区域合并的分水岭算法解决了过分割问题,实现了脑组织区域的初次分割.由于颅脑图像不同组织之间边缘模糊且自身容易受到噪声的影响,导致区域合并过程中可能会误将非脑组织作为脑组织合并,因此,采用水平集方法将初次分割获得的脑组织轮廓作为初始轮廓曲线,实现了脑组织的自动分割.实验结果验证了算法的可行性和实用性.     

基于变动权值的混合水平集图像分割模型

基于局部区域的活动轮廓模型(LRAC)分割图像时对初始轮廓的严重依赖性,提出一种基于局部和全局区域结合的水平集图像分割算法。结合Chan-Vese水平集模型和LRAC模型的特点,在构造水平集函数时定义了变动的权值参数,将水平集函数的局部和全局能量泛函项结合起来,其中,权重参数由图像梯度和图像演化曲线内外局部均值定义。另外,在水平集函数演化时采用窄带法,以减小计算的时间复杂度。实验结果表明,该算法模型兼有CV模型和LRAC模型的优点,比LRAC模型对初始轮廓选取的依赖性低,收敛速度快;比窄带CV模型的对目标边缘分割效果好。     

基于树形聚类匹配的脑肿瘤自动分割方法

提出一种基于树形聚类匹配的脑肿瘤自动分割方法.为了去除非脑组织对于脑肿瘤定位的影响,首先提出一种新的脑组织提取算法,这种算法无需完整的序列影像,可直接对三维影像数据进行分割.其次对分割后的脑组织影像进行中心定位,建立树形索引匹配结构,采用一种节点匹配算法完成粗分割,最后根据粗分割结果,采用形变模型完成精确分割.算法的特点是无需数据集的训练,能够较为准确的完成脑肿瘤的自动分割,实验结果验证了算法的实用性及可行性.     

An active contour model driven by anisotropic region fitting energy for image segmentation

A novel region active contour model (ACM) for image segmentation is proposed in this paper. In order to perform an accurate segmentation of images with non-homogeneous intensity, the original region fitting energy in the general region-based ACMs is improved by an anisotropic region fitting energy to evolve the contour. Using the local image information described by the structure tensor, this new region fitting energy is defined in terms of two anisotropic fitting functions that approximate the image intensity along the principal directions of variation of the intensity. Therefore, the anisotropic fitting functions extract intensity information more precisely, which enable our model to cope with the boundaries with low-contrast and complicated structures. It is incorporated into a variational formula with a total variation (TV) regularization term with respect to level set function, from which the segmentation process is performed by minimizing this variational energy functional. Experiments on the vessel and brain magnetic resonance images demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method over Chan–Vese (CV) active contours and local binary active contours (LBF) in terms of both efficiency and accuracy.     

带标记线左心室MR图像的自动分割

带标记线核磁共振(MR)图像能够提供了大量的运动信息，为实现左心室的运动重建提供了有利条件，但图像中存在灰度的不一致性、弱边界、伪影、标记线的影响等现象，这些都给带标记线左心室MR图像的分割带来了困难。目前带标记线核磁共振图像的左心室分割主要靠人工完成，为此提出了一种自动分割方法，它是基于分级处理的分割方法，主要由3部分组成：首先用数学形态学的方法实现左心室的自动定位；然后用K均值聚类、模板匹配和基于骨架的心肌形状恢复方法给出左心室的内外初始轮廓线；最后用改进的水平集方法对初始轮廓线进行演化而得到最终结果。实验结果证明，此方法有较强的鲁棒性，是行之有效的方法。     

Hybrid Active Contour Mammographic Mass Segmentation and Classification

This research implements a novel segmentation of mammographic mass. Three methods are proposed, namely, segmentation of mass based on iterative active contour, automatic region growing, and fully automatic mask selection-based active contour techniques. In the first method, iterative threshold is performed for manual cropped preprocessed image, and active contour is applied thereafter. To overcome manual cropping in the second method, an automatic seed selection followed by region growing is performed. Given that the result is only a few images owing to over segmentation, the third method uses a fully automatic active contour. Results of the segmentation techniques are compared with the manual markup by experts, specifically by taking the difference in their mean values. Accordingly, the difference in the mean value of the third method is 1.0853, which indicates the closeness of the segmentation. Moreover, the proposed method is compared with the existing fuzzy C means and level set methods. The automatic mass segmentation based on active contour technique results in segmentation with high accuracy. By using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system, classification is done and results in a sensitivity of 94.73%, accuracy of 93.93%, and Mathew’s correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.876.     

A novel multiphase active contour model for inhomogeneous image segmentation

The problem of image segmentation has been investigated with a focus on inhomogeneous multiphase image segmentation. Intensity inhomogeneity is an undesired phenomenon that represents the main obstacle for magnetic resonance (MR) and natural images segmentation. The complex images usually contain an arbitrary number of objects. This paper presents a new multiphase active contour model method for simultaneous regions classification of MR images and natural images without bias field correction. In this model, a simple and effective initialization method is taken to speed up the curve evolution toward final results; a new multiphase level set method is proposed to segment the multiple regions. This model not only extracts multiple objects simultaneously, but also provides smooth and accurate boundaries of the objects. The results for experiments on several synthetic and real images demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of our model.     

基于形态学重建和梯度分层修正的分水岭脑肿瘤分割*

针对脑部核磁共振成像(Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI)图像中因噪声、灰度不均匀及边界模糊不连续等造成肿瘤难以准确分割的问题,提出一种基于形态学重建和梯度分层多尺度修正的分水岭分割方法。首先对原始图像进行形态学混合开闭重建以平滑去噪,同时保留目标轮廓信息;然后根据梯度图像的三维地貌体积对其进行分层多尺度修正,自适应地确定修正所需的结构元素尺寸,对低梯度层级采用较大尺寸结构元素进行闭运算修正,消除产生过分割的非规则局部极小值,而对较高梯度层级则采用较小尺寸的结构元素,保持区域轮廓的位置不变;最后在修正基础上,运用标准分水岭变换实现图像分割。实验结果表明,该方法与标准分割的相似度指数和Jaccard指数均较高,且过分割率和欠分割率均较低,具有较好的分割效果。     

基于混合水平集的脑组织自动提取方法

脑组织自动提取是脑功能分析中一个重要的预处理步骤,为提高脑组织提取的精度,提出了一种新的提取方法。该方法首先对磁共振成像(MRI)图像使用改进脑组织提取工具(BET)算法快速提取初始轮廓;其次对此初始轮廓进行数学形态学膨胀处理,得到初始感兴趣区域;然后在初始感兴趣区域中使用改进混合轮廓模型进行处理,得到新的轮廓线再进行膨胀处理得到新的区域,如此不断迭代;最后,该混合模型收敛,获得较精确脑组织轮廓。实验采用了7组来自IBSR网站的MRI数据序列,所提算法得到的平均错误划分比例为7.89%。实验结果表明所提方法对于脑组织提取精度的提高是有效和可行的。     

融合分区与Canny泛函的水平集对猴脑提取的研究

The traditional level set has randomness in the location selection of the initial contour, and lacks the processing of edge information. Therefore, accurate extraction of brain tissue edges cannot be achieved. Therefore, firstly, the level set algorithm of fusion partition and Canny functional fuses the idea of partition and combines the morphological information of each region to complete the initial contour position selection, so that the initial contour contains more brain tissue, and improve the efficiency of brain tissue extraction. Secondly, the Canny operator is integrated into the energy functional, which improves the accuracy of detecting the edge of the macaque brain tissue while retaining the superiority of the traditional level set on the uneven grayscale image. Results show that the algorithm achieves accurate extraction of macaque brain tissue with an accuracy of up to 86%.     

Active contour model for simultaneous MR image segmentation and denoising

In this paper, a new region-based active contour model is proposed for magnetic resonance image segmentation and denoising based on the global minimization framework and level set evolution. A new region fitting energy based on Nadaraya–Watson estimator and local image information is defined to enforce the curve evolution. By this improved region fitting term, the images with noise and intensity un-uniformity can be segmented and denoised. Inspired by the Perona–Malik diffusion equation, an edge-preserving regularization term is defined through the duality formulation to penalize the length of region boundaries. By this new regularization term, the edge information is utilized to improve the contour?s ability of capturing the edge and remaining smooth during the evolution. The energy functional of the proposed model is minimized by an efficient dual algorithm avoiding the inefficiency of the gradient descent method. Experiments on medical images demonstrate the proposed model provides a hybrid way to perform image segmentation and image denoising simultaneously.