射孔测试压裂与水力泵快速返排求产一体化联作工艺技术研究与应用

在对储层进行压裂改造中,由于频繁起下管柱,使试油周期延长,对测试层造成二次污染,降低了测试资料准确性,影响了试油效果.针对以上问题,开发了射孔、测试、压裂与水力泵快速返排求产一体化联作工艺,并在霍20井进行了成功实施.现场应用表明:该工艺操作方便,安全可靠,施工周期短,是一套完整高效有利于保护油气层、准确获取地层真实产能的新工艺、新技术,满足了生产要求.     

The Belt and Road Initiative and China-Kazakhstan Oil and Gas Cooperation

正During his visit to Central Asian and Southeast Asian countries in September and October 2013,Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed major initiatives to make joint efforts to build the "Silk Road Economic Belt(SREB)" and the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road(MSR)".With the historical imprint of the Silk Road and through the comprehensive and in-depth cooperation with the characteristics of     

油气储运设备的管理与维护

石油和天然气与我们的生活息息相关,作为不可再生的自然资源,决定了油气储运工作的重要性。本文论述了做好油气储运工作首要要做好油气储运设备的管理和维护,同时也要避免储运过程中的隐患。     

科技创新激励机制的探索与实践

文章回顾了中海油能源发展股份有限公司监督监理技术服务分公司在科研项目进展、科研成果转化、知识产权管理等方面取得的突出成绩,介绍了该公司在建立并完善科研创新激励机制方面进行的探索与实践经验。文章认为,公司制度和政策向创新者及科研工作者的倾斜,是公司科研水平提升与科研实力不断增强的有力保障。     

油气藏的滚动勘探开发和管理

中国东部新生代断陷盆地，在多次地质运动作用下，地质构造下分复杂，形成了多元复合成烃，多期运聚平衡，多套油层系，多种成藏类型的复杂断块和复式油气区。     

油气勘探开发中的沉积学创新与挑战

根据沉积学研究进展及在实践中的应用成效,梳理未来油气勘探开发对沉积储集层研究的需求,并提出未来研究的重点方向和领域。近年来,中国沉积学研究取得多项重要成果:建立跨重大构造期沉积盆地岩相古地理与浅水三角洲砂体发育新模式,扩展了油气勘探领域;深水沉积砂体分布规律的新认识促使深水—超深水区与湖盆中心持续获得重大油气发现;深层—超深层储集层发育机理的新认识拓展油气勘探开发深度;富有机质页岩发育模式与非常规储集层研究新进展,促进非常规油气勘探开发取得重大突破;多尺度开发地质建模有效预测剩余油分布。沉积储集层研究的新技术与新方法为沉积学理论发展及其工业化应用提供了基础。未来沉积学研究中,应发展传统沉积学、创新细粒沉积学和非常规储集层地质学,为沉积原型盆地恢复、富有机质页岩富集区评价、有利储集层预测和有利目标区优选提供依据,推动沉积学不断创新。     

Occurrence and diversity of Bacillus cereus and moulds in spices and herbs

Spices and herbs can contain toxin-producing bacteria and moulds, which can cause health problems for consumers and contribute to food spoilage and shelf-life reduction. The aims of the present work were (i) to determine the occurence and levels of B. cereus and moulds; (ii) to charactize the incidence and diversity of B. cereus emetic toxin (ces, CER), and diarrhoeal toxin-encoding genes (entFM, nheA, hblC, cytK) and toxigenic potential of Hbl toxin-producing B. cereus strains. Black ground pepper samples showed the most contamination with the highest concentration of B. cereus 2.49 log₁₀ CFU/g. Moreover, cumin contained the most prominent mould concentration level of 3.6 log₁₀ CFU/g. The most common moulds were Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. Compared to packaging type, all products acquired from the local market, except curry for B. cereus, exchibited high concentrations of B. cereus and moulds. Four genes were identified – 96% of B. cereus strains contained entFM, 94% nheA, 56% hblC, 42% cytK. None of the samples contained emetic toxin-encoding genes (ces, CER). Toxigenic potential of Hbl toxin was found in 72% of B. cereus strains. Different temperature, moisture levels and hygiene practices were observed at places of sale in local markets thus facilitating contamination and development of moulds. Moreover, the presence of B. cereus and its ability to produce toxins in spices and herbs, may suggest the need to establish microbiological criteria for mould and spore-forming bacteria in spices and herbs.     

对科技查新定位的认识与思考

针对一些技术评审专家、研发人员和管理人员对科技查新定位及认识的差异,分析了产生差异的原因,并就石油企业科技查新特点,明确提出了科技查新工作的定位及发展方向,即查新机构应重点加强查新规范化标准建设,主要包括规范创新点表述方式、建立查新结论评价标准、检索词标注规范、科学技术要点表述规范,以及不同创新方式论证规范等。这对于有关各方达成共识、充分发挥科技查新在科技管理环节中应有的作用、进一步提升石油企业科技查新工作质量具有重要参考价值。     

下生上储式与上生下储式油源断裂油气输导差异性

为了研究不同生储盖组合的油气分布特征及规律,以下生上储式和上生下储式2个组合样式为例,在剖析油气运聚成藏模式及输导通道的基础上,通过油气分布与油源断裂油气通道特征关系对比,对2种组合样式的油源断裂运移油气特征的差异性进行研究.结果表明,其油气输导差异性特征主要体现在3个方面:①油气输导平面分布范围的差异性.下生上储式油...     

Current State and Prospects of CNPC's Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation

Oil and gas transportation facilities are important for a country to secure an energy supply and maintain social stability and economic development.Social capitals in China are now encouraged by the government to invest in the construction of oil and gas infrastructures in the country.With China's growing economy and new reforms in the oil and gas sector,more opportunities are available for private companies seeking to get involved in energy infrastructure.It is estimated that the future market of energy infrastructure projects in China is valued at nearly RMB 2 trillion.This paper is trying to offer some clues regarding investment in energy infrastructure in China by giving a brief introduction to the current situation of CNPC's oil and gas infrastructure construction.     

Characterization and Identification of Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Biomarkers by GC-FTIR and GC-MS

Abstract

Identification of petroleum hydrocarbons from crude and distilled oils by GC-MS is well known. The distilled crude and oils contain specific group of hydrocarbons are known as biomarkers bearing the information of their geographical source or origin and the geological past. These are diamondoids (adamantanes, diadamantanes, terpanes, steranes, sesquiterpanes, hopanes, norhopanes, etc.). The present article describes the identification of hydrocarbons using their IR spectra in the molecular fingerprinting region where every molecule shows its unique and characteristic individual vibrational frequencies. GC-FTIR spectrum of each of the individual components present in distilled oils was identified by proper standard library matching with the spectrum of the individual component. The GC-MS profiles of the biomarkers of different light and middle distilled fine products of samples from three leading oil companies, namely Indian Oil Corporation (IOC), Indo-Burma Petroleum (IBP), and Bharat Petroleum Corporation (BPC), differ from each other, indicating the variation of the sources of the crudes used by the companies. But nothing specific can be said about the origin of crudes from this limited data.     

中外油气资源储量分类体系比较分析

石油天然气资源的重要性决定需要制定专门的分类标准对其分类。通过对SPE、WPC、AAPG、SPEE共同研发的《石油资源管理体系》PRMS和我国的《石油天然气资源／储量分类》国家标准的介绍,就中外油气资源储量分类标准进行比较,结合油气资源储量分类标准的发展趋势探讨了我国油气资源储量的分类问题。     

试油试采分离计量系统的研制与应用

试油试采计量分离系统通过自动化仪表和微机监控系统实现了资料录取及处理的自动化管理。系统工作时，管道上的各计量仪表分别动态采集动力液压力、流量、温度、产出液压力、流量、温度及在线测量含水等数据，所有数据通过动画技术实时显示在监控系统主界面，为取全取准资料提供了一套高效、科学的方法。     

深水油气勘探开发锚泊事故研究及对策分析

深水油气勘探开发锚泊事故主要包括锚索断开、走锚和制动系统失效等类型,如果控制不当可能造成人员伤亡、生产停产、平台碰撞倾覆和井喷等严重后果。鉴于此,通过调研国内外锚泊事故案例,总结事故失效类型以及各类事故的形成原因、影响因素和失效模式,提出了不同失效类型事故的预防措施和应对策略。分析了典型的外部影响因素对锚泊事故的影响,并提出台风和内波等外因影响下的锚泊事故风险应对策略。研究内容可为我国深水锚泊系统优化设计、制造加工工艺的改进以及风险分析提供参考,从而提高我国深水油气勘探开发过程中锚泊作业安全管理能力和事故应急能力。     

岩性地层油气藏勘探思路与勘探方法

二连盆地、冀中坳陷近几年隐蔽油气藏的勘探研究与实践表明,高勘探成熟区富油凹陷岩性地层油气藏具有较大的勘探潜力,是寻找规模整装富集储量的重要勘探领域。开展岩性地层油气藏的勘探,要树立富油凹陷不同类型油气藏在“不同构造单元、不同区带、不同层系、不同沉积体系、不同沉积相带、不同储层类型三维空间复式连片分布”的新勘探理念。在勘探思路上实现“由正向构造带向负向构造区;由构造带高部位向构造带翼部;由构造带向岩相带、坡折带、超覆带、侵蚀带;由环洼到洼槽;由单一油气藏类型向多种油气藏类型”的五个转变。其勘探技术方法包括岩性地层油气藏有利区带优选评价技术方法;岩性地层圈闭落实评价技术方法;岩性地层油藏预探评价技术方法。     

Food safety and transparency in food chains and networks Relationships and challenges

European consumers are worried about the safety of their food. These concerns are caused by a continuing sequence of food scandals and incidents during the last decade. In response, consumers call for high quality food, food integrity, safety guarantees and transparency. Governments are imposing new legislation. Retailers are imposing new demands on their supply chains. Food supply chains react by implementing systems to improve the product's quality and guarantee its safety, at the same time making transparent that they do so. Such actions can be taken at the level of either the individual company or the complete network of supply chains. We describe the challenges involved in achieving food safety and transparency by cooperating in the supply chain network. To this end, we elaborate on a real world case in an SME environment.     

Oil and Gas Supply and Demand in China and Its Development Strategy

1. Prediction of China's oil and gas demand There exist many research results about the prediction of China's oil and gas demand. In view of a long-term demand prediction, we should consider such a prediction comprehensively from two aspects. It means that a better prediction can be obtained by coordinately taking into account the prediction method based on the demand for individual oil and gas products, and the method for predicting the total demand.1.1 Prediction based on demand for individ…     

扭动构造与油气聚集

扭动构造在中国东西部盆地中普遍发育，确定机动构造需剖面和平面标志相结合。文中重点论述了扭动构造的组合形式、基本特征及其对油气聚集的影响。扭动构造控制着盆地内油气的生成、聚集、运移、保存等条件，其中的雁列褶皱（背斜、鼻状构造）为最有利的油气聚集带。