含硅环三磷腈衍生物阻燃改性聚碳酸酯的性能

将聚碳酸酯(PC)、滑石粉(Talc)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)及自制的含硅环三磷腈衍生物阻燃剂(HSPCTP)在密炼机上熔融共混,经模压制备HSPCTP阻燃PC/Talc/PTFE复合材料。通过垂直燃烧测试和极限氧指数(LOI)测试分析了复合材料的阻燃性能,采用热重分析、动态热机械分析、拉伸和冲击试验研究了阻燃剂含量对复合材料热稳定性、储能模量及玻璃化转变温度(T_g)和力学性能的影响。结果表明,HSPCTP的加入能够促进PC的热解,使其更早地产生炭层,有效提高复合材料的阻燃性能,当添加3份HSPCTP时,复合材料的LOI值达到28.4%并可以通过UL 94 V–0等级测试,断裂伸长率和冲击强度分别比纯PC提高了174%和135%,而此时的拉伸强度与纯PC相差不大。HSPCTP提高了低于T_g时的复合材料储能模量,但略微降低了复合材料的T_g。     

粘胶纤维的阻燃改性

改进粘胶纤维的阻燃性能,开发出特种阻燃粘胶纤维。一直是非常重要的课题。本文较系统地介绍了粘胶纤维的阻燃改性方法和阻燃机理。     

环三磷腈衍生物改性的阻燃水性聚氨酯的合成与表征

以三聚氯化磷腈(HCCP)、2,2′-联苯酚和1,6-己二胺为主要原料,合成了具有端氨基的环三磷腈衍生物(HCCP-6),HCCP-6通过化学反应接入WPU预聚物中,制备出系列HCCP-6改性的阻燃水性聚氨酯(NPWPU)。讨论了HCCP-6用量对NPWPU阻燃性能的影响,并利用核磁、红外、极限氧指数测试(LOI)、垂直燃烧测试(UL-94)及扫描电镜(SEM)测试对HCCP-6及NPWPU进行表征。结果表明,HCCP-6质量分数在8%以上,NPWPU胶膜垂直燃烧级别可达到V-0(UL-94)难燃级别;HCCP-6质量分数10%时,胶膜LOI可提高至27.5%;残炭层SEM测试也证明NPWPU有很好的阻燃和自熄效果;HCCP-6可以明显提升NPWPU的力学性能。     

次磷酸铝/磷腈衍生物协效阻燃PBT的性能研究

将次磷酸铝(AHP)与六对醛基苯氧基环三磷腈(HAPCP)复配后添加到聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)中制备阻燃PBT材料,通过氧指数和垂直燃烧(UL 94)测试研究了材料的阻燃性能,通过热重分析(TGA)技术研究了材料的热稳定性及成炭性能,同时还研究了AHP与HAPCP的质量比对PBT材料阻燃性能的影响。结果表明:AHP用量为18%时,PBT可通过UL 94V-0测试,氧指数为23.8%;而AHP与HAPCP以15:1复配后用于PBT的阻燃,当复合阻燃剂用量为16%时,PBT材料就能通过UL 94V-0测试,氧指数达到了25.3%,表明HAPCP与AHP对PBT具有很好的协效阻燃作用。阻燃剂AHP和HAPCP的加入使PBT材料的起始热分解温度由336℃降至324℃,但材料在700℃的残炭率由0.7%提高到15.9%,表明阻燃剂的加入促进了材料提前降解成炭,形成的炭层能有效阻止氧气和热量进入材料内部,抑制可燃气体的逸出,阻止了基体材料的进一步降解和燃烧,从而提高了材料的阻燃性能。     

长链磷腈衍生物的制备及其在聚丙烯中的阻燃应用

利用亲核取代反应合成了六十二氨基环三磷腈(HDCP)和六辛氨基环三磷腈(HOCP),将合成的HDCP和HOCP添加到聚丙烯(PP)/聚磷酸铵(APP)/季戊四醇(PER)体系中,并通过极限氧指数、垂直燃烧测试UL 94和锥形量热分析等研究了体系的阻燃性;通过力学性能测试研究了HDCP和HOCP对材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,当HDCP和HOCP的用量分别为2 %时,阻燃效果最佳,极限氧指数均比纯PP提高了13 %左右;随着HDCP和HOCP加入量的增大,材料的冲击强度逐步增加,但是断裂伸长率却逐步降低。     

阻燃粘胶纤维氧指数检测方法的探讨

对FZ／T50016—2011《粘胶短纤维阻燃性能试验方法氧指数法》标准的纱线加捻数量、质量克重、氧氮气纯度做了试验探讨,井提出建议。     

白山牌阻燃粘胶纤维的开发

介绍了吉林化纤公司开发的阻燃粘胶纤维的生产方式及结构、性能和阻燃机理。对阻燃粘胶纤维强度和湿棉量较低的问题进行了分析,并以高湿模量粘胶纤维生产技术对其问题进行解决。     

烷基糖苷在阻燃粘胶纤维上的应用研究

采用烷基糖苷(APG)作为阻燃材料的分散剂,加入粘胶胶液中,用以制备阻燃粘胶纤维,并与常规阻燃粘胶纤维的性能指标进行对比研究。经SEM,红外光谱及取向度测试对2种阻燃粘胶纤维分析检测。结果表明:以APG作为阻燃材料分散剂制备的粘胶纤维,其阻燃材料在纺丝过程中与纤维素共聚形成互相嵌套的交联网,纤维的结晶区比常规阻燃纤维明显增加;结晶取向度比常规阻燃粘胶纤维有了显著提高;纤维的干湿强力比常规阻燃粘胶纤维提高了17%以上;成丝阻燃剂用量减少了20%,极限氧指数可达29。     

阻燃抗滴落PA6纤维的性能研究

采用聚合方法制备抗滴落PA6切片,添加阻燃剂共混纺丝得到阻燃抗滴落PA6纤维。用差示扫描量热法、X射线衍射、透射电镜、极限氧指数法等方法对所得产物的热性能、结晶结构、添加剂的分散性能、阻燃性能及力学性能等进行表征。结果表明,抗滴落剂的加入引起了PA6结晶行为的变化,由α晶型转变成α晶型与γ晶型共存;PA6的热稳定性得到了提高;添加剂在聚合物中分散较均匀,阻燃抗滴落PA6纤维的极限氧指数可达26．6%～28．6%,燃烧时产生的熔融滴落物明显减少。阻燃抗滴落PA6纤维的力学性能较PA6约降低10%。     

黏胶纤维和Lyocell纤维作为香烟滤嘴材料的应用进展

综述了黏胶纤维和Lyoeell纤维作为香烟滤嘴材料的应用进展,总结出了烟用黏胶纤维在白度、卷曲、弹,I生模量和残硫等方面所应达到的主要技术参数,展望了其未来发展方向.     

Fire‐retardant properties of the viscose rayon containing alkoxycyclotriphosphazene

The viscose rayon containing cyclotriphosphazene were prepared by the method of blending spinning. The combustibility and thermal stability of the fire‐retardant viscose rayon were evaluated by 45 ° slope burning method, limit oxygen index (LOI), differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry analysis. The results indicated that the LOI of the modified fiber could reach LOI ≥ 28, and the combustibility of the modified fiber could reach the fire‐retardant standard of Japan industry standard JIS 10 91–77 (times of ignition ≥ 3 times). The analysis of the fiber's thermal degradation suggested that the flame retardant plays a multirole of heat absorption, catalytic dehydration and carbonization, condensation‐phase and gas‐phase flame retardation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 698–702, 2006     

Manufacture and properties of chitosan/N,O‐carboxymethylated chitosan/viscose rayon antibacterial fibers

Chitosan/N,O‐carboxymethylated chitosan/viscose rayon antibacterial fibers (CNVFs) were prepared by blending chitosan emulsion, N,O‐carboxymethylated chitosan (N,O‐CMC), and viscose rayon together for spinning. The fibers were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). TEM micrographs showed that chitosan microparticles dispersed uniformly along the oriented direction with the mean size ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 μm. DSC spectra of these fibers showed that no significant change in thermal property was caused by adding chitosan and N,O‐CMC into the viscose rayon. TGA spectra showed that the good moisture retentivity was not affected by the addition of chitosan and N,O‐CMC. Both DSC and TGA suggested that the decomposing tendency of the viscose rayon above 250°C seemed to be weakened by the chitosan. The fibers' mechanical properties and antibacterial activities against Escherchia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans were measured. Although the addition of chitosan slightly reduced the mechanical properties, the antibacterial fibers' properties were obtained and were found to meet commercial requirements. CNVF exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans. The antibacterial activity increased along with the chitosan concentration and was not greatly affected by 15 washings in water. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of bacteria cells incubated together with the antibacterial or reference fibers. SEM micrographs demonstrated that greater amounts of bacteria could be adsorbed by the antibacterial fiber than by the reference fiber; these bacteria were overwhelmingly destroyed and killed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2049–2059, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10501     

The curing reaction and physical properties of DGEBA/DETA epoxy resin blended with propyl ester phosphazene

The influences of different amounts of propyl ester phosphazene (FR) on the curing kinetics and physical properties of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy prepolymer cured with diethylenetriamine (DETA) were investigated with DSC, SEM, DMA, and tensile testing. The results revealed that FR could be a catalyst or a diluent depending on the FR content. In addition, the blending systems were partially miscible. The tensile strength and modulus of blends decreased with increasing amounts of FR, but the elongation increased with increasing FR. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 229–237, 1999     

聚乙二醇甲醚磷腈的合成及其对粘胶纤维的阻燃改性

利用线形聚二氯磷腈(PDCP)与甲醚乙二醇钠反应,合成了聚乙二醇甲醚磷腈(PMEP);采用正交实验分析了溶剂用量、反应时间、反应物配比以及提纯方法对PMEP产率和相对分子质量的影响,优选出最佳的合成工艺条件;利用红外光谱、核磁共振磷谱、差示扫描量热法等手段对合成产物进行了表征;将PMEP与粘胶纺丝原液共混纺丝制备了PMEP共混改性粘胶纤维,初步探讨了PMEP对粘胶纤维的阻燃效果。结果表明:相转变法能减少提纯过程中产物的流失,且能减少提纯分离的周期;PMEP的最佳合成工艺为PDCP与甲醚乙二醇钠摩尔比1.0∶3.0,四氢呋喃溶剂25 m L,反应温度68℃,反应时间10 h;PMEP共混改性粘胶纤维具有良好的阻燃效果,PMEP质量分数为15%时,其阻燃改性粘胶纤维极限氧指数达33%。     

MF-PVA阻燃纤维结构与性能研究

将三聚氰胺甲醛(MF)树脂和聚乙烯醇(PVA)制得纺丝原液,经湿法纺丝得到MF-PVA阻燃纤维,研究了MF-PVA阻燃纤维的结构与性能。结果表明:MF-PVA纤维截面形状不规则,表面不光滑,且有孔洞;MF-PVA纤维具有较好的力学性能,热性能和阻燃性能,其模量为75 cN/dtex,断裂强度为1.5～2.5 cN/dt- ex,断裂伸长为15%,吸湿率为9.2%,结晶度为20.5%,热分解温度为300℃,极限氧指数达35。MF-PVA纤维耐酸碱性一般,在酸碱溶液中经过98 h浸泡后,纤维的强度保持率低于50%。     

阻燃异形涤纶FDY长丝工艺探索

探讨了用TCS法生产阻燃异形涤纶长丝时,切片含水率、纺丝温度、冷却成形、拉伸等工艺参数的选择。结果表明:采用合理的干燥工艺可获得含水率稳定在18μg/g以内的阻燃干切片,1#联苯锅炉温度控制在268~270℃,2#联苯锅炉温度控制在270~272℃,热管温度为168~172℃,卷绕速度为4.4~4.6km/min时,可生产出质量优良的阻燃异形涤纶长丝。     

含磷阻燃共聚酯的合成、性能及其应用

阐述了含磷阻燃共聚酯的合成过程及物化性能和结晶性能。通过纺丝、织造试验表明 ,合成的阻燃聚酯切片具有良好的可纺性能 ,其织物的LOI值达 34% ,具有广阔的应用前景