微机五防系统发展方向探讨

随着变电站自动化技术的不断推广、运行管理模式的进步,防误闭锁技术面临着许多新的要求,在这些需求的推动下,作为主流的微机防误闭锁技术也在不断的改进,新的设计理念不断出现,在线式微机防误闭锁技术就是其中一个发展较快的分支.列举了离线式和现有在线式五防系统的优点和存在的问题,提出了一种新的模式--混合式微机防误闭锁系统,供同行讨论.希望能为国内微机五防系统的发展方向提供新的思路.     

徐家沟开关站五防系统改造

介绍了110 kV开关站改造用在线式五防系统"取代"离线式五防系统",改造增强了"五防"系统和开关站的运行可靠性。     

增效扩容中一种替代微机五防的防误操作防误开带电设备闭锁系统

在中小型水电站增效扩容中,特别有必要增加电气设备五防闭锁,以此来防止误操作误触电,避免其工作票操作票制度执行不严格带来的高风险。近年来,钥匙置换式防误操作防误开带电设备闭锁系统(也称机械五防)在国内越来越多的大中小型水电站取代微机五防成为水电站五防的首选。介绍一种在进口产品基础上优化改进的钥匙置换式防误闭锁,其国产化后价格得到大幅度降低,这种装置的锁具克服了进口锁具的一些缺陷,值得推广应用。图9幅。     

变电站微机"五防"技术的应用

随着电子技术的发展和计算机在电力系统领域的广泛应用,电力五防也由最初的机械型、电气型,发展到现在的微机"五防"。微机防误闭锁装置经过10多年的发展,其技术水平、制造工艺已进入成熟稳定时期,与传统的防误闭锁装置相比,具有功能完善、闭锁方式简单方便、扩充性强、维护容易、投资省等诸多优点,广泛应用于各种规模尤其是大中型接线复杂的发电厂、变电站中,有效地防止电气误操作的发生,为电力系统的安全生产做出卓越的贡献。微机"五防"以其智能性,操作灵活方便,能达到防止五种误操作事故发生的目的。     

浅谈变电站微机防误闭锁系统运行中的问题及对策

随着现代电力系统误操作事故的频发,微机防误闭锁系统在各电压等级的变电站得到了广泛的应用。本文介绍了变电站微机防误闭锁系统的工作原理分析,通过对比传统电器防误技术,结合生产实际介绍了变电站微机防误闭锁系统在使用中经常出现的问题,并对微机防误闭锁系统运行管理措施进行了分析,以期为微机防误闭锁系统在变电站的安全运行管理提供借鉴和参考。     

变电站防误闭锁

论述变电站常用的防误闭锁装置的由来和分类,从安全、技术、使用和倒闸操作、日常维护等各方面,比较分析现在主流的微机五防装置和传统防误闭锁的特点,分析微机"五防"装置在使用的日常维护中发现的一些问题,提出相应的意见和建议.     

天生桥一级水电站蓝牙微机防误闭锁装置

针对传统微机防误闭锁装置存在的离线弊端及其单纯依靠电气量进行判断的弱点,天生桥一级水电站采用了FY 2000LY型微机防误闭锁装置。该系统应用最新的蓝牙及同步编码多分址技术,通过构造一个小型无线数据通讯网,实现防误主机与电脑钥匙、以及电脑钥匙之间的无线信息同步,在实现了真正意义上的实时防误功能的同时还极大地提高了倒闸操作的效率。     

微功耗无线网在线防误操作系统在那兰水电厂的应用

那兰水电厂商业运行三年来,为社会创造了显著的经济效益。由于那兰水电厂没有配置＂微机五防闭锁＂系统,运行主控室也没有配置电气一次系统模拟屏。在进行电气一次系统操作时承担很大的风险,随时会对人身和设备安全造成威胁,为防止误操作,在那兰水电厂新增一套带有电气一次系统图模拟屏的＂微功耗无线网在线微机五防闭锁＂系统。     

浅析机械、电气、微机三种防误闭锁在中置式开关柜中的应用

文章阐述了机械、电气、微机三种防误闭锁在中置式开关柜中的运用,对比分析了三种防误闭锁的优缺点,提出了防误闭锁的发展趋势。     

提高长洲水电站五防闭锁系统可靠性的方法

介绍了长洲水电站五防闭锁系统的使用方法及运行中常见故障的处理,并针对该系统运行中存在的问题,进行了改造.在改造中,通过增加五防系统的无线路由器保证了五防系统的传输正常,从而提高了微机五防闲锁系统的可靠性.     

加强“五防”管理 降低操作解锁率

微机五防装置是变电站的重要二次设备,以其技术先进、功能齐全、运行可靠、维护方便等优点,成为电力系统防误主流装置。在应用微机五防装置操作过程中,存在使用解锁钥匙进行操作的情况,论述了加强五防装置的管理,降低操作解锁率保证倒闸操作安全、防止误操作的技术措施和管理措施。     

以礼河冲击式水轮机微机调速器的研制

对冲击式机级组水轮机调速器方案作了较为详细的分析和比较，针对云南以礼河冲击机组的看不起克老式机调，设计了全新的方案，该方案采用了电子调节顺型电液调速器的系统结构，充分利用了现代微机、液夺和自动控制等新技术，实践表明，改造后的冲击式水轮机微机调速器，其可靠性和指标均达到了设计标准并满足与计算机监控系统接品的要求。     

On-line titrimetric monitoring of anaerobic-anoxic EBPR processes.

Denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAO) are able to remove nitrogen and phosphorus simultaneously. The use of DPAO in EBPR systems results in a substantial saving on aeration cost and a lower sludge production when compared to anaerobic-aerobic EBPR systems. This process is usually studied in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) and monitored with off-line measurements. However, off-line monitoring implies low frequency data sampling and delay between sampling and obtainment of the results. For this reason, an online measurement such as titrimetry is strongly recommended to improve the daily management of the lab-scale SBR. This paper shows different applications of titrimetric measurements for on-line monitoring of DPAO lab-scale SBR cycles. The results demonstrate that titrimetry is a suitable tool for detecting the end of phosphorus release and carbon substrate depletion point in the anaerobic phase. Moreover, this paper proposes the indirect measurement of nitrate/nitrite uptake rate with titrimetric measurements, which allows the on-line estimation of its concentration during the anoxic phase. Therefore, titrimetry is an on-line measurement with a high potential to implement new control strategies in DPAO lab-scale SBR systems.     

广州蓄能水电厂EventLog系统

广州蓄能水电厂机组运行事件记录（EventLog）系统记录生产运行的重要信息，对设备故障的定位和排除起着不可缺少的作用，也是安排电厂设备运行和检修计划的重要依据。该系统使用Java2平台企业版（J2EE）技术作为系统的开发框架，通过Java的串口通信技术，从监控系统的串口收集信息，实现到数据库的海量存储，从而提供方便的数据在线和离线的查阅、辅助排障以及丰富的统计和分析等功能。文中介绍了EventLog系统组网结构、设计方案和采用的关键技术，分析了该系统的功能。多年实践证明，该系统在生产运行中发挥了重要的作用。     

Twenty years development of ICA in a water utility

Wessex Water Authority was established in 1974 to manage water supplies, sewerage and sewage treatment in its area. The shortcomings of inherited assets demonstrated the need for better monitoring and control of water and waste water facilities. It was recognised that new developments in ICA could make a vital contribution to better management of assets. Accordingly, over ensuing years, a framework for a regional monitoring and control scheme was developed and established. Over the past two decades experiments with new and developed equipment and techniques have given beneficial results but there have been some disappointments. Development of the scheme is described briefly and comments made on identified improvements to on-line and off-line systems. Some disappointments are also discussed. Human aspects also receive attention. Further desirable improvements are presented.     

水电机组状态检修实现策略与框架设计

给出了水电机组状态检修系统的逻辑结构;针对水电机组故障多样性和复杂性，重点提出了一种由基于数据融合的模糊神经网络技术和专家系统的在线诊断子系统及基于模型的离线诊断子系统组成的故障诊断系统，利用专家系统的逻辑推理能力以及人工神经网络的学习和容错能力，建立转子非线性动力模型仿真来离线分析那些没有办法定量提取或解释的征兆，对机组进行故障诊断;同时给出了实时数据的一种智能化存储策略，很好地解决了在线监测所产生的海量数据。     

On-line supervision and control of an aerobic SBR process.

This paper presents a new software developed in MATLAB for analyzing on-line data of an aerobic SBR, detecting faults and, in this case, proposing the most probable causes of fault. Process diagnosis is achieved using a statistical method divided in two main phases: off-line model building and on-line data diagnosis. The off-line model identifies the correct working conditions of the system (standard operative conditions). It includes the characterization of the deviation of the system from these standard conditions in the case of changing in the biomass properties or carbon and nitrogen load characteristics. The on-line diagnosis aims at collecting and analyzing all the available data available through industrial sensors, and at classifying the behavior of each treatment cycle. The diagnosis performance of the proposed method is tested using a data set of an aerobic SBR pilot plant.     

PLIO: a generic tool for real-time operational predictive optimal control of water networks

This paper presents a generic tool, named PLIO, that allows to implement the real-time operational control of water networks. Control strategies are generated using predictive optimal control techniques. This tool allows the flow management in a large water supply and distribution system including reservoirs, open-flow channels for water transport, water treatment plants, pressurized water pipe networks, tanks, flow/pressure control elements and a telemetry/telecontrol system. Predictive optimal control is used to generate flow control strategies from the sources to the consumer areas to meet future demands with appropriate pressure levels, optimizing operational goals such as network safety volumes and flow control stability. PLIO allows to build the network model graphically and then to automatically generate the model equations used by the predictive optimal controller. Additionally, PLIO can work off-line (in simulation) and on-line (in real-time mode). The case study of Santiago-Chile is presented to exemplify the control results obtained using PLIO off-line (in simulation).     

Reduced order model monitoring and control of a membrane bioreactor system via delayed measurements

Activated sludge treatment is one of the most widely used processes for wastewater treatment (WWT). These systems are built with sufficient design margin to allow changes in loading and process conditions. This is necessary and prudent to overcome limitations in measurement, monitoring and controlling of WWT process parameters at the desired frequency. Online sensors for mixed liquor suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen, phosphorus, and other parameters available today are limited in application due to high cost and low reliability. Hence, many of the parameters are measured off-line when needed. This paper provides a framework to estimate parameters on-line using limited and delayed measurements. The proposed approach is based on the design of a Bayesian filter such as an extended Kalman filter (EKF), which measures and controls membrane bioreactor system using limited and delayed measurements. The objective is to estimate the states and parameters with limited and delayed measurements. Simulations show the efficacy of the proposed approach.