化学工业中的新技术--等离子体技术

从等离子体的基本特性出发,对等离子体进行分类,综述了低温等离子体技术在化工能源、超细粉体制备、表面改性、催化反应、聚合和引发聚合、膜技术领域、分析化学、三废处理等方面的应用及最薪发展。认为进一步探讨等离子体化学反应的内部机理,以尽快实现工业化或更好的指导工业应用,是等离子体化工的发展方向。     

高吸水树脂的等离子体引发聚合反应制备研究进展

介绍了等离子体引发聚合反应的特点;综述了等离子体引发聚合反应在制备高吸水树脂领域的研究进展,包括等离子体引发乙烯基系列单体聚合制备高吸水树脂、等离子体引发乙烯基系列单体接枝共聚制备高吸水树脂、等离子体引发制备有机-无机复合高吸水树脂等;最后指出了等离子体引发制备高吸水树脂研究需要加强的几个方向:即加强对等离子体引发聚合制备高吸水树脂反应机理的研究;加强天然产物接枝系列、有机-无机复合系列高吸水树脂以及多功能高吸水树脂的等离子体引发聚合制备研究等。     

三氟氯乙烯等离子体聚合膜的性能

采用外部电极电容耦合管状RF等离子体聚合装置,在He和H_2的辉光放电中进行了三氟氯乙烯的等离子体聚合,此外进行了三氟氯乙烯与苯的等离子体共聚合,以及通过三氟氯乙烯和苯的等离子体均聚合制备复合的等离子体聚合膜。研究了不同聚合方法制备的聚合膜的防潮性、减反射性、表面性能和热稳定性。其中淀积了聚合膜的NaCl晶体在26℃温度,84和92%的相对湿度环境中放置778小时后,其IR透过率仅下降3.2%,并且观察到等离子体共聚合大大改善了聚合膜的热稳定性。     

等离子体聚合制备反渗透复合膜影响因素研究

反渗透技术是目前应用最广泛的分离技术之一。反渗透膜的性能是影响反渗透效率的决定性因素。因此,高性能反渗透复合膜的制备一直是膜领域的研究热点。由于等离子体聚合相对于传统的制备方法有很多优点,因此在反渗透复合膜的制备中有很大的潜力。简要讨论了等离子体聚合的影响因素。     

等离子体技术在反渗透复合膜制备中的研究进展

简述了国外等离子体聚合制备反渗透复合膜的研究进展,重点阐述了复合膜制备过程中的功能单体和反应器类型、聚合时间、放电功率和单体流速等实验参数对复合膜性能的影响,并对等离子体制备反渗透复合膜的发展进行了展望。     

等离子体技术在反渗透复合膜制备中的研究进展

简述了国外等离子体聚合制备反渗透复合膜的研究进展,重点阐述了复合膜制备过程中的功能单体和反应器类型、聚合时间、放电功率和单体流速等实验参数对复合膜性能的影响,并对等离子体制备反渗透复合膜的发展进行了展望。     

等离子体聚合制备渗透汽化膜的研究现状及趋势

本文就等离子体聚合技术在制备渗透汽化分离膜中的应用，特别对制备乙醇－水体系分离膜进行了介绍。     

等离子体表面改性技术在有机材料中的应用

阐述了等离子体技术的基本概念及对材料表面改性的工作原理,突出了等离子体技术提高表面性能而不影响材料基体性能的特点。综述了现阶段国内外在等离子体处理,等离子体聚合以及等离子体引发接枝聚合三方面的研究进展。     

高分子材料表面改性新技术

综述了近年来高分子材料表面改性新技术--等离子体技术表面改性高分子材料的最新进展.运用等离子体技术改变高分子材料的表面性质的方法主要有三类:等离子体处理、等离子体聚合和等离子体接枝聚合.等离子体技术正以其优越性在高聚物材料表面改性方面得到越来越广泛的应用.     

基于可视化分析的国内外等离子体技术研究进展

为了探索国内外等离子体技术研究领域的现状和发展，借助科学知识图谱工具对等离子体技术研究领域的知识结构和研究趋势进行可视化分析。CiteSpace和VOSviewer软件将研究领域细分为核心聚类；关键词共现评述了近二十年来等离子体技术研究的发展状况。未来，等离子体技术在生物医学、材料制备和化工等领域将具有广阔的应用前景。该研究可为等离子体技术领域相关产业发展与研究热点提供一定的参考和建议。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。