镁-锂合金的锌系及锰系磷化膜的比较

观察了镁-锂合金锌系磷化膜和锰系磷化膜的宏观形貌及微观形貌,分析了2种膜层的化学组成,通过极化曲线、交流阻抗对比了基体、锌系磷化膜、锰系磷化膜的电化学性能,并比较了2种膜层的综合性能.结果表明:锌系磷化膜与锰系磷化膜对镁-锂合金基体具有较大的防护作用,尤其是锌系磷化膜膜厚,膜电阻大,自腐蚀电流密度小,耐蚀性更优.     

镁-锂合金酸洗工艺的研究

通过观察镁-锂合金酸洗后的宏观表面形貌及对镁-锂合金锌系磷化膜层进行极化曲线、交流阻抗测试,对前处理过程中的含铬及不含铬的酸洗液配方进行了筛选,并对优选出的无铬酸洗液配方所得磷化膜进行了耐蚀性测试及微观形貌观察,结果表明:镁-锂合金前处理过程中采用无铬酸洗液3可以代替含铬酸洗液,获得性能优异的磷化膜。     

Q345钢表面SiC颗粒掺杂锌钙系磷化膜的制备与性能

选用Q345钢作基体制备SiC颗粒掺杂锌钙系磷化膜(DPF),研究其微观形貌、成分、厚度及耐腐蚀性能,并与普通锌钙系磷化膜(CPF)进行比较.结果表明:DPF和CPF都完全覆盖Q345钢表面,厚度比较接近,但DPF晶粒间的缝隙被SiC颗粒填充.CPF由Zn、O、P、Ca、Fe和C元素组成,而DPF由Zn、O、P、Ca、...     

建筑结构钢表面锌系复合磷化膜的制备及耐蚀性研究

将纳米SiO2颗粒添加到磷化液中,在建筑结构钢表面制备出锌系复合磷化膜,并与纯锌系磷化膜进行了比对.结果表明:两种磷化膜都完全覆盖了基体,且都呈断层状形貌,锌系复合磷化膜的晶粒空隙被纳米SiO2颗粒填补,其含量约为7.54％.两种磷化膜的耐蚀性都好于建筑结构钢,且锌系复合磷化膜的耐蚀性最好.纳米SiO2颗粒在一定程度上填补了晶粒空隙,有效阻碍了腐蚀介质通过晶粒空隙渗透和扩散,从而保证锌系复合磷化膜具有较好的耐蚀性,使建筑钢构件能更好的满足防腐蚀要求.     

PTFE颗粒对建筑钢结构表面磷化膜耐蚀性的影响

将聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)颗粒以乳液形式添加到锌系磷化液中,在建筑钢结构表面制备磷化膜,研究了PTFE乳液体积分数对磷化膜的表面形貌、厚度、电化学阻抗谱和耐CuSO4点蚀时间的影响.结果表明:PTFE颗粒伴随着沉积过程被引入磷化膜中,起到物理填充的作用.适当提高PTFE乳液体积分数,可使磷化膜晶粒表面及晶粒间隙处附着的P...     

薄法兰盘中温锌-钙系磷化工艺的研究

以薄法兰盘为研究对象,开展了中温锌-钙系磷化工艺研究。分别采用目测法和扫描电子显微镜对磷化后的薄法兰盘的宏观形貌和微观形貌进行了表征,采用划格法对磷化膜的结合力进行了检测,并通过盐水浸泡试验对磷化膜的耐蚀性进行了测试。结果表明:锌-钙系磷化膜呈灰黑色,覆盖完整且与基体结合牢固,晶粒大小均一;磷化后的薄法兰盘的耐蚀性较磷化前的明显提高,主要归功于磷化膜均匀且牢固地附着在基体表面,能阻碍腐蚀介质侵蚀基体。     

齿轮用45钢锰系磷化膜和锰系复合磷化膜的性能比较

在含有聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)颗粒的磷化液中,通过共沉积在齿轮用45钢表面制备了锰系复合磷化膜,比较了锰系磷化膜和锰系复合磷化膜的微观形貌、成分、膜重、结合力、硬度、耐磨性能和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,锰系复合磷化膜中含有Mn、P、Fe、O、C和F六种元素,与锰系磷化膜相比多了F元素,证实了一定量的PTFE颗粒通过共沉积进入磷化膜中。锰系磷化膜和锰系复合磷化膜的膜重接近,均为16 g/m2左右,且锰系磷化膜和锰系复合磷化膜均与基体结合良好。与锰系磷化膜相比,锰系复合磷化膜的硬度略有提高,硬度值约为253.4 HV,耐磨性能和耐腐蚀性能都明显改善。PTFE颗粒主要填充在磷化膜晶粒间隙处,形成固体润滑膜起到减轻摩擦的作用,同时有效阻止了腐蚀溶液的渗透,故锰系复合磷化膜表现出相对较高的硬度以及更好的耐磨性能和耐腐蚀性能。     

建筑结构用16Mn钢锌钙系磷化处理研究

以建筑结构用16Mn钢作为基体,在稀土、超声波单独及复合作用下进行锌钙系磷化处理,旨在改善磷化工艺条件从而进一步提高锌钙系磷化膜的耐蚀性.研究了稀土、超声波单独及复合作用下获得的磷化膜的形貌、成分、厚度和耐蚀性,结果表明:稀土、超声波单独及复合作用不会对磷化膜成分产生影响,但会影响磷化膜的形貌、厚度和耐蚀性.超声波单独...     

镁锂合金表面锡酸盐转化膜研究

采用无铬锡酸盐转化技术在镁锂合金表面形成了锡酸盐转化膜,利用扫描电镜、能谱、X射线衍射、极化曲线、析氢实验等对锡酸盐转化膜的结构和耐蚀性进行了研究.结果表明,锡酸盐转化膜由近似球形的均匀颗粒组成,较致密,主要成分为MgSnO<,3>,呈晶态结构特征.锡酸盐转化膜的成膜时间对镁锂合金阳极极化电流有影响:成膜时间为45 min时,阳极极化电流最小,转化膜对镁锂合金基体的保护作用最强.锡酸盐转化膜明显降低了镁锂合金的析氢量,改善了镁锂合金的耐蚀性.     

40Cr钢表面锌-锰系磷化膜的制备与耐腐蚀性能研究

采用中温锌-锰系磷化工艺,按照三因素四水平正交试验方案,在40Cr钢表面制备了16种锌-锰系磷化膜。通过硫酸铜点滴实验,测试了磷化膜的耐腐蚀性能,进行了最优工艺参数的筛选。分析了最优工艺条件下制备的磷化膜的元素组成,并观察了最优磷化膜和40Cr钢浸泡腐蚀前后的形貌。结果表明,正交试验极差分析得到各因素对磷化膜耐硫酸铜点滴时间影响的主次顺序为:磷化液温度磷化时间表调时间。当表调时间为30 s、磷化时间为25 min、磷化液温度为65℃时,磷化膜的耐硫酸铜点滴时间最长,耐腐蚀性能最好。最优磷化膜主要由Zn、P、Mn、Fe和O元素组成,Zn元素含量最高,约为38%;最优磷化膜浸泡腐蚀前后的形貌变化不大,能有效减轻40Cr钢的腐蚀程度。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。