Investigation of CFD calculation method of a centrifugal pump with unshrouded impeller

Currently, relatively large errors are found in numerical results in some low-specific-speed centrifugal pumps with unshrouded impeller because the effect of clearances and holes are not accurately modeled. Establishing an accurate analytical model to improve performance prediction accuracy is therefore necessary. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical simulation is conducted to predict the performance of a low-specific-speed centrifugal pump, and the modeling, numerical scheme, and turbulent selection methods are discussed. The pump performance is tested in a model pump test bench, and flow rate, head, power and efficiency of the pump are obtained. The effect of taking into consideration the back-out vane passage, clearance, and balance holes is analyzed by comparing it with experimental results, and the performance prediction methods are validated by experiments. The analysis results show that the pump performance can be accurately predicted by the improved method. Ignoring the back-out vane passage in the calculation model of unshrouded impeller is found to generate better numerical results. Further, the calculation model with the clearances and balance holes can obviously enhance the numerical accuracy. The application of disconnect interface can reduce meshing difficulty but increase the calculation error at the off-design operating point at the same time. Compared with the standard k-ε, renormalization group k-ε, and Spalart-Allmars models, the Realizable k-ε model demonstrates the fastest convergent speed and the highest precision for the unshrouded impeller flow simulation. The proposed modeling and numerical simulation methods can improve the performance prediction accuracy of the low-specific-speed centrifugal pumps, and the modeling method is especially suitable for the centrifugal pump with unshrouded impeller.     

Optimization on the impeller of a low-specific-speed centrifugal pump for hydraulic performance improvement

In order to widen the high-efficiency operating range of a low-specific-speed centrifugal pump, an optimization process for considering efficiencies under 1.0Q_d and 1.4Q_d is proposed. Three parameters, namely, the blade outlet width b_2, blade outlet angle β_2, and blade wrap angle φ, are selected as design variables. Impellers are generated using the optimal Latin hypercube sampling method. The pump efficiencies are calculated using the software CFX 14.5 at two operating points selected as objectives. Surrogate models are also constructed to analyze the relationship between the objectives and the design variables. Finally, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to calculate the surrogate model to determine the best combination of the impeller parameters. The results show that the performance curve predicted by numerical simulation has a good agreement with the experimental results. Compared with the efficiencies of the original impeller, the hydraulic efficiencies of the optimized impeller are increased by 4.18% and 0.62% under 1.0Q_d and 1.4Q_d, respectively. The comparison of inner flow between the original pump and optimized one illustrates the improvement of performance. The optimization process can provide a useful reference on performance improvement of other pumps, even on reduction of pressure fluctuations.     

可逆式水轮机变工况研究

针对抽水蓄能电站稳定性的要求,利用可逆式水轮机水泵工况断电过程中蜗壳出水边的压力始终保持恒定（水轮机工况的水头）,机组转速连续变化这一规律,根据转速的不同来选取不同的工况点。在Fluent软件中,通过变换转轮的边界条件设置,可模拟可逆式水轮机水泵断电过程不同工况点水力变化,计算时采用雷诺时均方程和RNG肛￡湍流模型,压力和速度耦合采用半隐式（SIMPLEC）算法。对可逆式水轮机不同工况点模拟结果进行了分析总结,数值试验结果直观地反映了可逆式水轮机水泵工况断电的不同工况点、叶片表面的压力分布、蜗壳内部的流场漩涡分布、水力损失等,对可逆式水轮机的转轮设计和结构优化有一定的应用价值。     

低比转速叶轮内部流动的数值计算

为了解复合叶轮内部流动特性,采用雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程和Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型对4长叶片的普通叶轮和4长4中8短16叶片的复合叶轮内部流动进行了数值模拟,得到了设计工况下两种叶轮内部流场分布,分析了中、短分流叶片对叶轮内部流场的影响。计算结果表明:采用长、中、短叶片设计的复合叶轮可以改善流道内流场分布,提高长叶片吸力面压力,有效地阻止液流的脱流,复合叶轮可以获得更高的静压差,有效地提高了离心泵的扬程。     

螺旋叶片血泵血液流动性能分析

根据人体血液的流变特性,对血液在低剪变率及高剪变率两种不同条件下的环形空间螺旋流动性能进行了研究,推导出速度及流量表达式,分析了各参数对流动性能的影响,对螺旋叶片血泵的设计和研究具有重要的参考价值。     

对转轴流泵的设计与数值分析

对转轴流泵是由2个叶轮串联在一起,以相反的方向绕同一轴心旋转的轴流泵.与常规前、后导叶式轴流泵相比,在同样设计参数条件下,对转式轴流泵具有相对体积小、运转速度低、抗空化性能好和推重比高等特点.为探究对转轴流泵的设计理论和方法,设计了一对转轴流泵的前、后置叶轮,应用Matlab软件实现参数化设计,搭建了自动分析优化平台,...     

Numerical simulation and analysis of solid-liquid two-phase flow in centrifugal pump

The flow with solid-liquid two-phase media inside centrifugal pumps is very complicated and the relevant method for the hydraulic design is still immature so far.There exist two main problems in the operation of the two-phase flow pumps,i.e.,low overall efficiency and severe abrasion.In this study,the three-dimensional,steady,incompressible,and turbulent solid-liquid two-phase flows in a low-specific-speed centrifugal pump are numerically simulated and analyzed by using a computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code based on the mixture model of the two-phase flow and the RNG k-two-equation turbulence model,in which the influences of rotation and curvature are fully taken into account.The coupling between impeller and volute is implemented by means of the frozen rotor method.The simulation results predicted indicate that the solid phase properties in two-phase flow,especially the concentration,the particle diameter and the density,have strong effects on the hydraulic performance of the pump.Both the pump head and the efficiency are reduced with increasing particle diameter or concentration.However,the effect of particle density on the performance is relatively minor.An obvious jet-wake flow structure is presented near the volute tongue and becomes more remarkable with increasing solid phase concentration.The suction side of the blade is subject to much more severe abrasion than the pressure side.The obtained results preliminarily reveal the characteristics of solid-liquid two-phase flow in the centrifugal pump,and are helpful for improvement and empirical correction in the hydraulic design of centrifugal pumps.     

Numerical prediction and performance experiment in a deep-well centrifugal pump with different impeller outlet width

The existing research of the deep-well centrifugal pump mainly focuses on reduce the manufacturing cost and improve the pump performance,and how to combine above two aspects together is the most difficult and important topic.In this study,the performances of the deep-well centrifugal pump with four different impeller outlet widths are studied by the numerical,theoretical and experimental methods in this paper.Two stages deep-well centrifugal pump equipped with different impellers are simulated employing the commercial CFD software to solve the Navier-Stokes equations for three-dimensional incompressible steady flow.The sensitivity analyses of the grid size and turbulence model have been performed to improve numerical accuracy.The flow field distributions are acquired and compared under the design operating conditions,including the static pressure,turbulence kinetic energy and velocity.The prototype is manufactured and tested to certify the numerical predicted performance.The numerical results of pump performance are higher than the test results,but their change trends have an acceptable agreement with each other.The performance results indicted that the oversize impeller outlet width leads to poor pump performances and increasing shaft power.Changing the performance of deep-well centrifugal pump by alter impeller outlet width is practicable and convenient,which is worth popularizing in the engineering application.The proposed research enhances the theoretical basis of pump design to improve the performance and reduce the manufacturing cost of deep-well centrifugal pump.     

基于FLUENT数值模拟的离心泵内冰浆两相流流动特性分析

针对冰浆两相流在离心泵的流动特性问题,基于欧拉法建立冰浆Mixture两相流模型,通过FLUENT软件对冰浆流动特性进行数值模拟,得到了在不同流量工况下的离心泵内部压力场、速度场以及冰晶颗粒分布特性.多次数值计算,获得离心泵在输送含冰率为10％的冰浆时的性能特性曲线,并与该离心泵在输送清水时的性能曲线进行了对比分析.研...     

多级离心泵首级叶轮停机特性数值研究

针对多级离心泵在突然断电情况下可能出现的意外事故问题,基于滑移网格技术、用户自定义函数和SIMPLE算法,在关死点处和给定转速下降规律情况下,对一多级离心泵首级叶轮的停机过程进行了内部非定常粘性流动的数值模拟,通过数值计算获得了多级离心泵首级叶轮停机过程的外特性和内部流场演化特性,重点分析了叶轮进口、叶轮出口和反导叶出口3个位置处的瞬态物理量变化。研究结果表明,无量纲扬程系数在停机之前和停机过程前期阶段基本不变,而在停机过程末期迅速下降,叶轮停止转动时,各个物理参数并未同步趋零,总之表现出明显的瞬态行为特征;叶轮出口处的物理量参数变化受叶轮转动影响最大,其次受叶轮进口处的参数变化影响,而反导叶出口处的参数变化最小。     

Dynamic stress analysis of sewage centrifugal pump impeller based on two-way coupling method

Current research on the operational reliability of centrifugal pumps has mainly focused on hydrodynamic instability. However, the interaction between the fluid and structure has not been sufficiently considered; this interaction can cause vibration and dynamic stress, which can affect the reliability. In this study, the dynamic stresses in a single-blade centrifugal pump impeller are analysed under different operating conditions; the two-way coupling method is used to calculate the fluid-structure interaction. Three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved with the SST k-o9 turbulence model for the fluid in the whole flow passage, while transient structure dynamic analysis is used with the finite element method for the structure side. The dynamic stresses in the rotor system are computed according to the fourth strength theory. The stress results show that the highest stress is near the loose bearing and that the equivalent stress increases with the flow rate because the dynamic stresses are closely related to the pressure load. The stress distributions on the blade pressure side, suction side, leading edge, and trailing edge are each analysed for different flow rates; the highest stress distribution is found on the pressure side. On the blade pressure side, a relatively large stress is found near the trailing edge and hub side. Based on these results, a stress distribution prediction method is proposed for centrifugal pumps, which considers the interaction between the fluid and structuxe. The method can be used to check the dynamic stress at different flow rates when optimising the pump design to increase the pump reliability.     

隐式开曲面上多相图像分割的变分模型及算法

提出了一种隐式开曲面上多相图像分割的变分模型并设计了相应的对偶方法和Split Bregman算法.任意拓扑结构的开曲面用符号距离函数的零水平集与二值标记函数的交集表达,曲面上的多区域划分用n-1个二值标记函数划分n个区域的方案,借助内蕴梯度、内蕴散度等概念建立了隐式开曲面上多相图像分割的变分模型.在对标记函数交替优化的过程中,通过凸松弛技术将离散标记函数松弛为有界连续函数,从而将原优化问题转化为对不同标记函数的凸优化问题.通过引进对偶变量设计了对标记函数优化的对偶方法,并通过引进辅助变量和Bregman迭代参数设计了对标记函数优化的Split Bregman算法.通过多个数值实验对所提出的模型和算法的正确性及计算效率进行了验证.     

离心泵叶轮内水流相对速度的实验研究

该研究应用PIV系统(粒子成像测速仪)这种先进的流场测试技术在不干扰流场的情况下,进行高精度的测量,即利用撒在流体中的粒子对光的散射作用,用光学的方法记录下粒子在不同时刻的位置,从而得到粒子的位移,基于粒子对流场的跟随性,测出水流在离心泵叶片流道内的绝对速度分布,并利用软件进行数据处理,得到离心叶轮内部从吸力边到压力边相对速度的分布,为离心泵的设计提供了更为可靠的理论依据。     

极大流量工况下离心泵内部流场数值分析

针对离心泵极大流量工况下内部流动特性的问题,应用流体动力学软件Fluent,采用RNGκ-ε湍流模型与SIMPLEC算法,对某一高比转速离心泵内部流场进行了数值模拟,并与实验结果进行了比较。对比分析了4种不同流量工况下离心泵内部流体速度和压力分布以及离心泵的外特性。研究结果表明,在设计流量工况下,离心泵内部压力分布均匀,速度迹线平滑;较大流量工况下,蜗壳压力不断减小,速度分布不均匀;极大流量(1.7Qopt)工况下,蜗壳出口处出现局部负压现象,速度流线产生的漩涡增大,在扩散管局部位置流体受到冲击,容易出现回流现象。针对离心泵在不同工况下以及达到极大流量工况下内部流动随流量变化规律的研究,可为高比转速离心泵多工况优化设计、延长使用寿命提供参考。     

Effects of meridional flow passage shape on hydraulic performance of mixed-flow pump impellers

During the process of designing the mixed-flow pump impeller, the meridional flow passage shape directly affects the obtained meridional flow field, which then has an influence on the three-dimensional impeller shape. However, the meridional flow passage shape is too complicated to be described by a simple formula for now. Therefore, reasonable parameter selection for the meridional flow passage is essential to the investigation. In order to explore the effects of the meridional flow passage shape on the impeller design and the hydraulic performance of the mixed-flow pump, the hub and shroud radius ratio (HSRR) of impeller and the outlet diffusion angle (ODA) of outlet zone are selected as the meridional flow passage parameters. 25 mixed-flow pump impellers, with specific speed of 496 under the design condition, are designed with various parameter combinations. Among these impellers, one with HSRR of 1.94 and ODA of 90° is selected to carry out the model test and the obtained experimental results are used to verify accuracies of the head and the hydraulic efficiency predicted by numerical simulation. Based on SIMPLE algorithm and standard k-ε two-equation turbulence model, the three-dimensional steady incompressible Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved and the effects of different parameters on hydraulic performance of mixed-flow pump impellers are analyzed. The analysis results demonstrate that there are optimal values of HSRR and ODA available, so the hydraulic performance and the internal flow of mixed-flow pumps can be improved by selecting appropriate values for the meridional flow passage parameters. The research on these two parameters, HSRR and ODA, has further illustrated influences of the meridional flow passage shape on the hydraulic performance of the mixed-flow pump, and is beneficial to improving the design of the mixed-flow pump impeller.     

离心泵内流场空化特性的数值模拟研究

针对离心泵内流场特性分析困难的问题,对离心泵流场数值模拟的几何模型建立、模型网格划分和边界条件设定进行了研究,采用计算流体力学方法,获取了在敞水性能条件下离心泵的扬程-流量、效率-流量的变化关系;结合Zwart空化模型,重点对不同有效汽蚀余量时离心泵的空化流场进行了数值模拟,得到了离心泵的内部流线和空泡分布的情况,并与该离心泵机组进行了性能测试实验,最后在此基础之上进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,所采用的数值模拟方法和空化模型合理有效,此结果可为进一步开展离心泵空化监测技术研究提供借鉴。     

离心泵内大颗粒下运动特性数值模拟与磨损分析

针对离心泵内固液两相流动问题,采用离散模型(DPM),考虑液相与固体颗粒之间相互作用,对离心泵内固液流场中大直径颗粒的粒子运动进行了数值模拟。并对颗粒的运动轨迹、固液两相流磨损进行了进一步的分析。使用UDF文件对颗粒加入Basset力,通过粒子运动轨迹线与恒定非恒定流线的对比,得出了粒子随直径变化对离心泵内流动情况的影响,并在此基础上进行了内部流动对性能的影响以及磨损规律分析。研究结果表明,当粒子直径大于1 mm时,通过使用DPM模型能更准确地获得粒子在泵内的运动情况,颗粒的运动轨迹向叶片工作面偏转较大并且存在多次撞击过程对叶片的磨损程度大,小颗粒易与叶片工作面后端发生撞击,且速度较低,对叶片的冲蚀磨损相对弱些。     

螺旋式纸浆离心泵内部流动的数值模拟

为分析螺旋式纸浆离心泵内部流动状态,给优化过流部件结构的优化设计提供基础,采用CFD分析软件Fluent对螺旋式离心泵内部单相流动和固液两相流动进行了数值模拟。给出了螺旋式叶轮建模方法和流场分析方法,分析了泵内流体速度和压力的分布特性,并基于流动模拟结果预测了水力性能,单相输送条件下的计算结果与试验结果取得了较好的一致。通过对一定体积浓度和颗粒粒径下固液两相流的研究计算,分析了螺旋式离心泵叶片表面以及流道内的固液相分布状态,对螺旋式结构的优化具有一定的参考意义。     

3D Particle image velocimetry test of inner flow in a double blade pump impeller

The double blade pump is widely used in sewage treatment industry,however,the research on the internal flow characteristics of the double blade pump with particle image velocimetry(PIV) technology is very little at present.To reveal inner flow characteristics in double blade pump impeller under off-design and design conditions,inner flows in a double blade pump impeller,whose specific speed is 111,are measured under the five off-design conditions and design condition by using 3D PIV test technology.In order to ensure the accuracy of the 3D PIV test,the external trigger synchronization system which makes use of fiber optic and equivalent calibration method are applied.The 3D PIV relative velocity synthesis procedure is compiled by using Visual C++ 2005.Then absolute velocity distribution and relative velocity distribution in the double blade pump impeller are obtained.Test results show that vortex exists in each condition,but the location,size and velocity of vortex core are different.Average absolute velocity value of impeller outlet increases at first,then decreases,and then increases again with increase of flow rate.Again average relative velocity values under 0.4,0.8,and 1.2 design condition are higher than that under 1.0 design condition,while under 0.6 and 1.4 design condition it is lower.Under low flow rate conditions,radial vectors of absolute velocities at impeller outlet and blade inlet near the pump shaft decrease with increase of flow rate,while that of relative velocities at the suction side near the pump shaft decreases.Radial vectors of absolute velocities and relative velocities change slightly under the two large flow rate conditions.The research results can be applied to instruct the hydraulic optimization design of double blade pumps.     

基于oldroyd-B本构模型的磨料流加工壁面滑移仿真分析

基于oldroyd-B粘弹性本构模型,应用POLYFLOW软件对流体磨料在圆管中的壁面滑移状态进行了模拟仿真。将得到的圆管中流体磨料的压力值与磨料流加工机床上测试点的压力值进行比较,得到二者的相对误差不超过5%,验证了模拟仿真的可行性。通过仿真可知,流体磨料在工件壁面上的滑移存在速度临界点。通过比较不同管道入口流量、流体磨料黏度和壁面滑移系数对壁面滑移速度的影响可知,当管道入口流量越大、流体磨料的黏度越高,以及壁面滑移系数越小时,加工过程中的壁面滑移速度越大。