The effect of change of ionomer/polyol molar ratio on dispersion stability and crystalline structure of films produced from hydrophilic polyurethanes

In this study, we report the effect of the DMPA/PTHF molar ratio on dispersion properties of the MDI‐based hydrophilic polyurethane dispersions. In addition, the effect of the DMPA/PTHF molar ratio on the crystallinity and thermal properties of the polyurethane films prepared from dispersions are also discussed. The variation in stability was studied using a particle size analyzer. DSC and XRD analyses were used to study variations in crystallinity of films with the change of DMPA/PTHF molar ratio. FT‐IR spectra were used to monitor the formation of hydrogen bonds through urethane linkages to produce hard‐segment crystalline areas. The zeta potential increased with the increase of DMPA/PTHF molar ratio (hard‐segment content), while particle size of polyurethane particles decreased. Hence, the stability of dispersions was increased with DMPA/PTHF molar ratio due to the increase of hydrophilicity in polymer chain. Crystallinity of the films was increased with DMPA/PTHF molar ratio due to the increase of interchain interactions through Coulombic interactions and hydrogen bonding. Consequently, crystalline melting temperature was increased with the increase of DMPA/PTHF molar ratio. However, molten films formed crystalline soft segments instead of crystalline hard segments during slow cooling. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44475.     

聚酯型水性聚氨酯油墨连接料的研究

以聚酯二元醇、二异氰酸酯和二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为主要原料,合成了聚酯型水性聚氨酯(WPU)乳液。研究了聚酯二元醇的种类、R值[R=n(-NCO)/n(-OH)]和DMPA用量等对WPU乳液的附着力、稳定性和T型剥离强度等影响。结果表明:以Pol-356(由己二酸、乙二醇和1,4-丁二醇聚合而成)为聚酯二元醇、端羟基聚酯多元醇(Pol-350)为小分子扩链剂,当w(DMPA)=9%、R值为1.200～1.225时,制成的WPU乳液固含量高、储存稳定性好,其对非极性BOPP(双向拉伸聚丙烯)薄膜等具有相对较高的附着力和T型剥离强度。     

蓖麻油改性聚醚型水性聚氨酯乳液的性能

以聚醚、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、一缩二乙二醇、蓖麻油为主要原料,二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为亲水扩链剂,三乙胺为中和剂制备了稳定的阴离子水性聚氨酯乳液(WPU),研究了NCO/OH摩尔比、DMPA及蓖麻油的加入量对WPU的耐水性、稳定性和力学性能的影响,结果表明:改性后的乳液具有较好的稳定性,适量的蓖麻油可提高胶膜的拉伸强度及耐水性。当聚醚与蓖麻油质量比为7︰3、DMPA为5%、NCO与OH摩尔比为1.3时,WPU综合性能最好。     

Formulation and optimization of sucrose polyester physical properties by mixture response surface methodology

The physical properties of sucrose polyester (SPE), prepared from different composite blends of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) of safflower oil, palm oil, and peanut oil, were evaluated by mixture response surface methodology. Optimum combinations of fatty, acids to achieve specific physical properties of SPE were determined. The SPE most similar in physical properties to peanut oil was obtained with a 55:45 molar ratio of mixed FAME from safflower oil and peanut oil. The physical properties of SPE were significantly affected by the degree of saturation and the average chainlength of their composite fatty acids.     

New polyester acrylate resins from palm oil for wood coating application

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential use of palm oil and to prepare new UV (ultraviolet) radiation‐curable acrylated polyester prepolymers, which could be used in the wood coating industry. Thus, palm oil‐based acrylated polyester resins PEPP‐1 (from refined, bleached, and deodorized palm oil) and PEPP‐2 (from crude palm oil) were synthesized at the Advanced Oleochemical Technology Centre (AOTC) laboratory of Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia (PORIM). The performances of these resins with respect to their curing rate and physical‐mechanical properties of cured products under UV radiation were studied. It can be concluded that newly synthesized UV radiation‐curable polyester acrylated prepolymers (palm oil based), namely PEPP‐1 and PEPP‐2, can be used as radiation curable coating materials for wood coating applications. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 2156–2163, 2001     

Effects of zinc oxide on pretreated multiwalled‐carbon‐nanotube‐reinforced biobased polyesters

In this study, the effects of the incorporation of microsized zinc oxide (ZnO) on multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐reinforced palm‐oil‐based polyester (POPE) were investigated in terms of the UV absorbability, mechanical strength, thermal stability, surface resistivity, and morphology. POPE was prepared by alcoholysis and an esterification process with glycerol, palm oil, and phthalic anhydride. The MWCNTs were dispersed into POPE under in situ conditions during the esterification reaction, whereas ZnO was distributed into the MWCNT‐filled POPE resin with an ultrasound technique. The surface morphology was examined to understand the dispersion of the fillers inside the polymer matrix with field emission scanning electron microscopy. In addition, UV absorbability was observed with a UV–visible spectrophotometer. From the results analysis, the surface resistivity was found to be unchanged by the presence of the ZnO particles. In addition, incorporation of ZnO improved the UV absorbability. Moreover, the tensile strength of the ZnO‐based POPE was found to be slightly lower compared with that of the MWCNT‐filled POPE. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44627.     

环氧改性水性聚氨酯的性能研究

选用环氧树脂(E-51)为改性剂,以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚醚多元醇(N220)、聚酯多元醇(POL-220)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)等为主要原料合成了水性聚氨酯乳液,研究了异氰酸酯基与羟基摩尔比(n-NCO/n-OH)、环氧树脂加入量、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)加入量对乳液及膜性能的影响.结果表明,当n-NC...     

玻纤表面处理用水性聚氨酯乳液合成与性能研究

采用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚醚二醇A、聚酯二醇B、亲水单体聚乙二醇PEG1000和二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)等制备了阴/非离子型水性聚氨酯(WPU).讨论了亲水单体(PEG+DMPA)用量、异氰酸酯指数(R值)、聚醚/聚酯二醇配比等对乳液及胶膜性能的影响,并比较了使用不同表面处理剂的玻纤增强尼龙复合材料的性能....     

Palm‐based bio‐composites hybridized with kaolinite

This study described the mechanical and thermal properties of hybrid bio‐composites from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers and kaolinite. The polyurethane (PU) used as matrix is formed by reacting palm kernel oil (PKO)‐based polyester with crude isocyanate. The blending ratio of PU to EFB fibers was fixed at 35 : 65 and kaolinite was added at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% (by weight). The occurrence of chemical interactions between the hydroxyl terminals in both fillers and the PU system was determined via FTIR spectroscopy. Hybrid bio‐composites showed improved stiffness, strength, and better water resistance with the addition of kaolinite to an extent. At 15% of kaolinite loading, maximum flexural and impact strengths were observed. The interaction between kaolinite with PU matrix and EFB fibers enhanced the mechanical properties of the bio‐composites, which was justified from the FTIR spectrum. However, over‐packing of kaolinite was observed at 20% kaolinite loading, which ruptured the cellular walls and degraded strength of the bio‐composites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

聚酯型水性聚氨酯的合成和性能研究

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚酯二元醇、二羟甲基丙酸等为主要原料合成了聚酯型水性聚氨酯乳液。研究了三羟甲基丙烷(TMP),二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA),异氰酸酯基与羟基物质的量比(n/n)等对水性聚氨酯耐水性能、稳定性以及力学性能等的影响。结果表明,当n/n为NCO OH NCO OH2,DMPA含量为6%,TMP加入量0.6%,水性聚氨酯性能最佳。     

Effect of filler‐to‐matrix blending ratio on the mechanical strength of palm‐based biocomposite boards

The effect of the blending ratio of a polyurethane matrix and oil‐palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers on the mechanical properties of biocomposite boards has been studied. The PU matrix and EFB fibers were used at blending ratios of 25:75, 30:70 and 35:65 (by weight). The mechanical property of hardness was studied. The intention of this study was to produce fiberboard from a vegetable oil‐based polyester as the matrix and biomass from the palm oil industry, namely EFB. It was found that the blending ratio with a lower filler loading (35:65) gave higher impact and flexural strengths due to better fiber encapsulation which enhanced the fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

主链含亲水基团的聚氨酯力学性能和形状记忆性能的研究

采用自乳化法,用聚酯二元醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、乙二胺(EDA)、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP),1,4-丁二醇(BDO)等单体合成脂肪族水性聚氨酯。探讨了NCO/OH摩尔比、TMP含量、扩链剂种类对聚氨酯胶膜力学性能和形状记忆性能的影响。结果表明:加入TMP后,聚氨酯形成化学交联,拉伸强度得到改善,并随着TMP含量的增加而增大;由于物理交联与化学交联的协同作用,交联型聚氨酯形状记忆性能良好;当NCO/OH摩尔比为1.4,DMPA含量为6%,TMP含量为1%时,聚氨酯胶膜的形状固定率为87.62%,形状回复率为98.10%。     

Photo‐fabricated unsaturated polyester resin composites reinforced by kenaf fibers,synthesis and characterization

New bio‐fiber composites (UPRC) cured by ultraviolet radiation were produced using kenaf fiber as reinforcing agent and unsaturated polyester resins as matrix in the presence of styrene and IRGACURE 1800 as photoinitiator. Unsaturated polyester resins based on palm oil were prepared from various ratios of monoglyceride (MG)/maleic anhydride (MA) by the interaction of the corresponding MG monomer, with different equivalents of MA, in the presence of 2‐methylimidazole as catalyst. The various characteristics of the obtained bio‐fiber composites, including mechanical, gel content, water absorption and thickness swelling test, thermal analysis, were determined and the data were discussed. Bio‐fiber composite with MG: MA ratio (1 : 4 eq./eq.) showed better mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, and impact strength) than other formulations. Gel content increased as the amount of MA was increased up to the MG: MA ratio was 1 : 4 (eq./eq.) then slightly decreased at the higher ratio formulation. Bio‐fiber composite (UPRC_c) was considered the best prepared bio‐fiber composite which contained higher degree double bond, cross‐linking and thermal stability. Moreover, morphological study of selected examples of the formed bio‐fiber composites was also carried out and showed the evidence of the enhancement of the compatibility between fiber and polymer matrix. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Development and evaluation of pressure sensitive adhesives from a fatty ester

Novel pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) were developed from renewable methyl oleate (MO) and fully evaluated for their peel strength, tack force and shear resistance. MO was epoxidized and selectively hydrolyzed on the ester group to form epoxidized oleic acid (EOA) that is a bifunctional monomer containing both a carboxylic acid group and an epoxy group. EOA was step‐growth polymerized to form a hydroxyl‐containing polyester, which was then cured in the presence of a small amount of a polyfunctional epoxide [epoxidized soybean oil or trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TMPTGE)] to afford PSAs. The PSAs from the polyester cured with TMPTGE exhibited high peel strength (2.4 N/10 mm), high tack force (5.8 N), and sufficient shear resistance (9.0 min). The PSAs can be fully based on renewable natural materials, and their preparations are environmentally friendly. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 41143.     

Palm oil‐based unsaturated polyester: Activation energy and swelling properties

In this study, unsaturated polyester (UP) resin based on palm oil was synthesized. Palm oil monoglyceride (POMG) was obtained by alchoholysis process of palm oil at 230°C for 3 h. Then, POMG was treated with maleic anhydride (MA) at different ratio of POMG:MA to produce UP resin. The products were then characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H‐NMR) spectrometer. FTIR and ¹H‐NMR spectrum analyses confirmed that the unsaturated group of MA was chemically attached to POMG. The activation energy of POMG/MA reaction was also studied. The results showed that the ratio of reactants and the presence of 2‐methylimidazole influenced the activation energy of reaction. The prepared UP resin was mixed with 35% of styrene, 0.3% of cobalt naphthenate, and 1% of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide before it was subjected to curing process. The effect of POMG/MG ratio on swelling properties of the cured UP was studied, and the result indicated that toluene and cured UP resin were compatible. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

不同结构的水性聚氨酯的合成及其性能研究

选用不同的软链段比例、不同的异氰酸酯比例和不同的扩链剂制备了水性聚氨酯(WPU),并讨论了n(-NCO)∶n(聚醚和聚酯中-OH)比值和R值的变化对WPU性能的影响。研究结果表明,在预聚反应中,当软链段中n(聚醚)∶n(聚酯)比值为0.5∶0.5、异氰酸酯中n(TDI)∶n(MDI)比值为0.5∶0.5、w(-COOH)为1.0%时,选用DEG为扩链剂、固定R值为1.3左右,可以得到性能优越的WPU。     

脂肪族水性聚氨酯的合成及其性能的研究

以异佛尓酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和聚酯二元醇及二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为主要原料,三乙胺为中和剂合成了稳定的脂肪族水性聚氨酯乳液,并对乳液的粒径、稳定性及膜的机械性能和耐水性进行了测试。结果表明,总体R值(nNCO/nOH)为1·3左右、羧基质量分数为1·36%~1·57%时,乳液的稳定性及膜的机械性能好,吸水率较低。该乳液可作为织物的防水透湿涂层剂。     

Production of polyols and waterborne polyurethane dispersions from biodiesel‐derived crude glycerol

This study investigated the preparation of polyols and waterborne polyurethane dispersions (CG‐WPUDs) from biodiesel‐derived crude glycerol. The polyols were produced from biodiesel‐derived crude glycerol via a thermochemical conversion process, which converted crude glycerol components such as glycerol, free fatty acids, and methyl esters of fatty acids (FAMEs) into polyols under optimized reaction conditions. CG‐WPUDs with different hard segments (41.0% to 63.2 wt %) were prepared from the crude glycerol‐based polyols produced. PU coating films cast from CG‐WPUDs showed increasing glass transition temperatures (T_g) from 63°C to 81°C when hard segment content increased from 41.0% to 63.2% and had good thermal stability up to 240°C. CG‐WPUD‐based coatings showed excellent adhesion to steel panel surfaces, pencil hardness as high as F, but relatively low flexibility. This study demonstrated the potential of biodiesel‐derived crude glycerol for the production of bio‐based polyols and WPUDs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41425.     

Preparation and characterization of ultraviolet (UV) radiation curable resin from palm oil

A study on the preparation of ultraviolet (UV) curable polymers based on renewable materials (vegetable oil) has been done to improve the performance of existing polymers and compete with their corresponding petrol-based chemicals in different aspects, including environmental friendly and economic factors. In this study, a UV curable resin was prepared using palm oil and glycidyl methacrylate. Monoglyceride (MG) from palm oil was prepared using alcoholysis process. Then, the MG was treated with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) at different ratios of GMA/MG to produce MG–GMA resin. The prepared resin was characterized using different techniques, such as hydroxyl number determination, gas chromatography (GC), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). From the results, GMA/MG ratio influenced the properties of MG–GMA resin. The weight-average molecular weight (M _w) of the resin increased as the ratio of GMA/MG was increased. However, M _w decreased after exceeding a limit of GMA/MG ratio. This was probably due to homopolymerization of GMA monomer during the treatment of MG with GMA. A similar trend was also observed in the result of viscosity. It is also noticed that the hydroxyl number of MG increased as more glycerol was used in the glycerol/palm oil mixture in the alcoholysis process. From the results of GC, it was shown that the percentage of MG increased when the ratio of glycerol/palm oil increased. This indicated that most of the hydroxyl group was contributed by the presence of MG. The prepared resin was then exposed to UV radiation and the results indicated that resin could be cured by UV radiation.     

Enzymatic interesterification of olive oil with fully hydrogenated palm oil: Characterization of fats

Seven different reaction products were prepared via enzymatic interesterification of extra‐virgin olive oil (EVOO) and fully hydrogenated palm oil (FHPO), by varying the initial weight ratio of EVOO to FHPO from 80 : 20 to 20 : 80. The chemical, physical and functional properties of both the semi‐solid reaction products and the corresponding physical blends of the precursor starting materials were characterized. Fats prepared using large proportions of FHPO contained high levels of TAG species containing only saturated fatty acid residues. By contrast, high levels of TAG species containing both saturated and unsaturated fatty acid residues were found in fat products obtained with the lowest proportions of FHPO. Independently of the initial weight ratio of EVOO to FHPO, the interesterified products were characterized by a higher molar ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acid residues at the sn‐2 position, were softer over a wide temperature range, exhibited lower oxidative stabilities and were completely melted at lower temperatures than the corresponding physical blends. Potential applications of the reaction products range from margarines (highest weight ratios of EVOO to FHPO) to frying fats (lowest weight ratios of EVOO to FHPO).