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钒钛磁铁矿高炉冶炼新技术高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿的主要技术障碍是炉渣变稠,渣铁不分。为解决这一问题,冶金部攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿高炉冶炼试验组发明了“高钛型钒钛磁铁矿的高炉冶炼新技术”。这一新技术不同于以往采用的限制     

钛护炉(补炉)新技术

我国不但具有钒钛资源优势,而且具有采用高炉冶炼TiO_2型钒钛磁铁矿的技术优势。早在六十年代,国家计委和冶金部在承德钢铁厂100m~3高炉进行高钛渣冶炼试验,就成功地闯过炉渣含TiO_235％的高炉冶炼难关,基本上掌握了钒钛磁铁矿高炉冶炼规律。掌握钒钛磁铁矿高炉冶炼规律,实质上就是如何抑制生成过量的Ti(CN)化合物。     

冶炼高钛型钒磁铁矿高炉喷煤试验成功的原因浅析

冶炼高钛型钒钛磁铁矿高炉喷煤的主要问题是钛渣变稠。高炉喷煤后，入炉煤粉是否燃烧安全，是否抑制了钛的过还原，既是钛渣变稠与否的主要原因，也是冶炼高钛型钒钛磁铁矿高炉喷粉试验成败与否的关键所在。     

钒钛磁铁矿冶炼的特殊性研究

分析了钒钛磁铁矿冶炼的特殊性对高炉生产的影响,以及钒钛元素特性与高炉冶炼控制参数的对应关系。提出烧结矿低温还原粉化率、焦炭反应性是钒钛矿冶炼过程的限制性环节;针对钒钛矿冶炼渣铁滞留率高,提出控制炉渣碱度、缩小软融带宽度、改善渣铁流动性等工艺措施,取得了很好的应用效果。     

大钢3号高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿试验

本文叙述了大钢3号高炉配加攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿进行低钛,中钛渣冶炼试验所用原燃料、冶炼工艺特点及试验结果;对冶炼成功原因进行了分析讨论;为中小高炉推广使用钒钛磁铁矿,提供高炉冶炼操作实习基地。     

钒钛磁铁矿全氧熔池熔炼试验研究

高炉是钒钛磁铁矿最成熟的冶炼方法,但高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿需要配加普通矿,炉渣Ti O2低难以回收利用。为了实现全钒钛磁铁矿冶炼,提出了钒钛磁铁矿回转窑预还原—全氧熔池熔炼新技术,该技术具有工艺流程短,炉渣氧势可控,冶炼能耗低等优点。试验研究了温度和炉渣碱度对钒钛磁铁矿熔炼的影响规律,结果表明:在熔炼温度1 450℃以上,全钒钛磁铁矿冶炼在技术上是可行的,钒钛磁铁矿终渣碱度为0.8以上可以顺利冶炼得到铁水,炉渣流动性好,渣铁容易分离,但铁水硫含量高于0.21%,达不到炼钢要求,需要炼铁预处理脱硫后才能炼钢。     

中小高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿

简扼介绍了高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿对炉渣变稠、脱硫能力、泡沫渣等特殊问题;分析了中小高炉冶炼的技术可行性;指出含钒炉渣的利用是配加钒钛磁铁矿的关键。     

承钢成功攻克钒钛磁铁矿大高炉冶炼不稳定的世界难题

<正>承钢公司4号2500m3高炉是世界容积最大的冶炼钒钛磁铁矿高炉。承钢公司作为我国钒钛磁铁矿高炉冶炼技术的发祥地,依靠创新驱动,致力于推动国内钒钛冶炼技术升级。至2015年5月,承钢公司4号高炉已连续稳定顺行28个月,Si+Ti合格率和一级品率均保持100%,吨铁成本达到国内同类型高炉领先水平。钒钛磁铁矿是一种冶炼难度很大的矿种,存在着入炉品位低、渣量大、渣铁粘度大、出渣出铁困难等问题,大高炉钒钛磁铁矿冶炼不稳定是国内乃至世界的技术难题。承钢公司大力推进科技创新工作,加强科技人才队伍建设,新技术     

攀钢高钛型钒钛磁铁矿冶炼高炉炉料结构的探讨

(一)概述 合理的炉料结构及炉料良好的冶金性能是实现高炉冶炼高产、优质、低耗、长寿的物质基础。为解决攀钢高炉冶炼高钛型钒钛磁铁矿炉渣变稠及“泡沫渣”等问题,过去的工作已从理论上对“泡沫渣”产生的原因、机理进行了很多研究。在生产实践中用配加部分普通块矿将渣中TiO_2降到25％以下,基本消除了“泡沫渣”,使冶炼高钛型钒钛磁铁矿的高炉各项技术经济指标显著上升。目前这种炉料结构对消除“泡沫渣”、提高冶炼强度起到了很大的作用,但也存在一些问题,     

高钛渣冶炼的合理上下部调剂制度

攀钢高炉是冶炼高钛渣型钒钛磁铁矿的大型高炉。渣中二氧化钛高达26～30％,在配加10～15％普通块矿时亦达23～25％。高钛渣给冶炼带来了许多新课题。在多年的科学试验基础上,通过九年多的生产实践,现已基本上解决了高钛渣冶炼     

高炉焦炭石墨化程度及其影响因素的研究进展

 焦炭是高炉炼铁过程中不可替代的原燃料,石墨化行为是其在高炉内的一个重要劣化机制。由于优质炼焦煤资源短缺及未来高炉大型化的影响,对入炉焦炭的质量要求越来越高,明确焦炭在高炉内的劣化机制及石墨化机理,合理控制焦炭质量是降低冶炼成本以及保证高炉稳定顺行的重要措施。详细阐述了不同的热处理温度、焦炭的灰分以及渣铁成分等因素对焦炭石墨化程度的影响。目前对于焦炭石墨化的理解还停留在宏观尺度,对于其微观反应机理,特别是各种渣铁和矿物的催化石墨化行为认识还有待进一步研究。     

武钢6号高炉炉型管理实践

通过对高炉炉型影响因素的分析,结合武钢6号高炉炉型管理的实践,总结出高炉炉型管理和日常维护的主要经验是：加强原燃料管理、水系统管理和高炉日常操作管理。炉内参数调剂合理,炉前渣铁排放及时均匀,炉况稳定顺行是高炉炉型合理稳定的有力保障。     

Improvement in casting practice by controlling the drainage rate and hearth liquid level to develop an efficient casthouse management practice in blast furnace

The key to excellent casthouse operation are low cost, high productivity, dry hearth and high casting rate while minimising the consumable material. The stable blast furnace operation requires proper control of drainage rate of liquid hot metal and slag from hearth. The productivity of blast furnace can be effectively increased if drainage rate is considerably increased. If the drainage rate is controlled, the periodic tapping of hot metal and slag from hearth can be made effective. This paper highlight the improvement made in casting practice by controlling the hearth liquid level in blast furnace. The improvements have made significant change in casthouse management. It is well demonstrated that various casthouse operations have migrated from one regime of operation to another regime and various consumable items are significantly reduced. The importance of increasing the drainage rate in improving the productivity of blast furnace is explained in details.     

K2O和Na2O对高Al2O3炉渣组元活度和MgO含量的影响

 随着高品位铁矿石消耗的加快,资源逐渐趋于贫化,钢铁企业可利用的铁矿石原料逐渐向中低品位原料转变,尤其是高铝铁矿,这类原料的使用无疑会增加高炉渣中Al₂O₃质量分数,影响高炉现有的操作制度。Al₂O₃质量分数为15%～17%的高炉渣,由于Al₂O₃含量高而使高炉渣的冶金性能变差,为了保证高炉渣的冶金性能,必须在其中添加8%左右的MgO。然而,Al₂O₃含量相似的浦项钢铁的高炉渣,其MgO质量分数仅为4%左右,高炉实现了高效、稳定、顺行。因此,从高炉CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MgO四元渣系的物理化学机理出发,研究了K₂O、Na₂O对高炉渣四元渣系CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MgO中各组元活度的影响;研究了“渣-气”平衡条件下渣中碱金属氧化物和气体中碱金属的关系;计算了K₂O、Na₂O和MgO对黏度的影响。结果显示,在考虑高炉渣CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MgO中各组元活度、碱金属在渣-气间的分布和炉渣黏度的情况下,当碱金属氧化物K₂O和Na₂O存在时,可以适当减小MgO含量,并可以保证高炉渣各组元活度及炉渣黏度基本不变。这不仅有助于减少高炉原料中添加含镁熔剂、提高原料品位、高效排碱、降低碱危害、减少碳排放、延长高炉寿命及降低成本,还能促进钢铁企业实现节能减排的目标。     

Variation in hot metal and slag composition during tapping of blast furnace

Abstract

To determine the quality of the hot metal and the thermal conditions inside the blast furnace, the composition of the hot metal and slag must be known. Obtaining representative metal and slag samples during tapping is thus highly important to blast furnace operation. The study covered in the present report focused on hot metal and slag composition variation during tapping from a commercial blast furnace. From the results, optimal sampling time points for obtaining elemental concentrations that can be taken as representative for the whole tapping sequence were identified. It was furthermore concluded that the reliability of hot metal composition data is significantly improved by averaging elemental concentrations determined from two samples, each taken at a particular time point. One sampling, however, was found to be adequate for slag. Results from the study also showed a fairly strong correlation between amounts of silicon and carbon, sulphur and carbon, and silicon and sulphur in the hot metal, while a weaker correlation between hot metal temperature and each of these elements was observed.     

宝钢高炉炉前铁水预脱硅技术

对宝钢高炉炉前铁水预脱硅技术进行了总结分析。根据现场实际生产数据及操作经验,重点分析了影响脱硅效果和泡沫渣的诸多因素,并通过采取一系列改进措施,使高炉炉前脱硅取得了很大的进步,为炼钢冶炼低磷低硫精品钢提供了优质低硅铁水。     

Bosh Slag Chemistry Control for High PCR and Low Slag Volume Blast Furnace Operation

For the high pulverized‐coal ratio (PCR) operation in the blast furnace, the slag volume should be minimized to secure good gas/liquid permeability in the low part of the blast furnace. As a measure of slag volume reduction, the MgO content in the sinter has been reduced to the level of 5%. As the slag volume is reduced, the chemistry of slags formed is expected to be changed. Using the tuyere probing technique in the field trials, the effects of slag volume reduction on the slag chemistry was studied. Based upon the analysis of the field trial data as well as laboratory experiment results, it is elucidated that the enhanced gas/liquid permeability is attributed not only to the slag volume reduction but also to the decrease of bosh slag viscosity. By lowering MgO content in the sinter, the bosh slag viscosity can be effectively decreased leading to a stable high PCR/low slag volume operation of the blast furnace.     

Cold Simulation of Metalloids Transport in Blast Furnaces

Metalloids normally get transferred at the interface of metal droplets passing through the slag system in the dropping zone and at the slag‐metal interface in the hearth zone in the lower region of a blast furnace. In these high temperature processes, the mass transport being the rate‐controlling factor, the viscosity of the slag system determines the kinetics of the refining reactions accompanied by mass and heat transfer at the metal droplets and slag interface. Slag systems generally possess random network structures comprising internal regions of weak ordering. The presence of these regions may result in non‐Newtonian behaviour of the slag. The rheological characteristics of a fluid relating to its network structure is expressed in terms of the indices consistency (k') and flow behaviour (n'). The extent of metalloids presence in hot metal is subjected to their residence time at the slag‐metal interface. The metal droplet descent through a surrounding fluid system has been studied and a co‐relation between drag Reynolds number and modified Reynolds number has been obtained. This correlation has been used to determine the drag velocity of a metal droplet falling through a slag system and the residence time distribution (RTD) of the metalloids at the slag‐metal interface in the lower region of the blast furnace.     

高炉喷吹除尘灰的研究

 由于高炉除尘灰含有大量的铁和碳,且其排放造成严重的环境污染,因此通过现有的喷煤系统将其作为含铁原料和含碳原料从风口喷入高炉无疑是处理除尘灰的一种有效途径。考虑到喷吹除尘灰影响到炉内炉渣的碱度、铁水的硫含量、理论燃烧温度和焦比的变化,通过高炉物料平衡和局部热平衡模型计算了焦比、炉渣碱度和理论燃烧温度随喷入除尘灰量的变化,为高炉操作提供理论依据,并进行了工业试验。结果表明,焦比和炉渣碱度随除尘灰喷入量的增加而下降,而理论燃烧温度则变化不大,这些变化可以通过调整配料来应付;喷吹除尘灰后高炉透气性略有下降,所需喷吹压力增大,试验证明高炉喷吹自身的除尘灰是可行的。     

Al2O3对高炉渣物化性能和结构影响研究综述

 随着优质铁矿资源的消耗,钢铁企业可利用铁矿原料品位逐渐降低,高铝质铁矿原料的应用导致高炉渣中Al₂O₃质量分数增加,已影响到高炉的正常操作。着重阐明Al₂O₃对高炉渣物理化学性能和结构的影响,为高铝原料的高炉冶炼提供科学依据和理论指导。首先说明了Al₂O₃质量分数对高炉渣熔化性温度、黏度、密度、表面张力和脱硫能力的影响,讨论了铝硅酸盐炉渣的结构以及Al₂O₃在炉渣结构中扮演的角色,并结合结构信息分析了炉渣结构与物理化学性质之间的关系。探讨了目前针对高Al₂O₃质量分数渣系高炉冶炼的工艺和可能的基于铝硅酸盐基高炉渣的造渣制度。