Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2气氛下的腐蚀

研究了600℃时Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2 3种气氛中的腐蚀行为，Fe-15Ce合金腐蚀后发生了Ce的内氧化或形成了复杂的腐蚀产物膜，而未出现Ce的选择性氧化或硫化，这主要是合金中存在着两相及Ce在Fe中极低的溶解度的结果。Fe-15Ce合金在本实验条件下的氧化-硫化腐蚀速度低于相同温度、压力下的纯硫化。     

用氢-氧取代氧-乙炔作焊接切割的必要性及可行性

阐述了用氢代乙炔的必要性．通过时HGQU2000／315火焰电孤焊割机的考察和试用证实了用氢代乙炔的可行性，比较了两种气体的性质并提出了使用特性差异和注意事项．提出了进一步探索的问题。     

氢分子在贮氢材料Li2MgN2H2表面的吸附与解离

采用第一性原理计算方法研究了Li-Mg-N-H体系贮氢材料的放氢产物Li2MgN2H2的吸氢反应过程中的过渡态、表面电子态密度和表面能。结果表明:氢分子在Li2MgN2H2低指数表面中最低能量(100)表面的Mg-Mg-Li穴位吸附位置能够形成最稳定的吸附结构并发生解离,氢分子吸附能为-0.1898eV,解离能约为0.84eV(81kJ/mol),表明该反应所需的反应活化能仍较高,吸氢反应速度缓慢。     

IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极制备及性能

通过热分解法制备了含IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极,采用SEM、EDX、XRD、CV等检测方法对中间层进行表征,同时采用强化加速寿命试验对电极电化学稳定性进行表征。结果表明:450℃时前躯体完全氧化并形成固溶体,制备的中间层晶粒细小,表面结构致密,电化学孔隙率小。添加中间层使Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极强化寿命由未加中间层的7.5h提高到995.8h,远高于国家标准20h。     

添加SnO_2组元对RuO_2 SnO_2 TiO_2/Ti钛阳极组织形貌的影响

通过溶胶凝胶 (Sol gel)法经涂刷、烧结、退火等工艺制备了添加不同含量SnO2 的RuO2 SnO2 TiO2 /Ti三元涂层钛阳极。并通过X射线衍射 (XRD)、差热分析 (DTA)、透射电子显微 (TEM )分析了SnO2 组元对RuO2 TiO2 SnO2 /Ti阳极涂层组织、晶粒尺寸和外观形貌的影响。结果表明 ,所获三元涂层颗粒尺寸细小 ,均为纳米结构 ,且添加SnO2 组元后有显著细化涂层晶粒的效果。在不同退火温度下 ,随SnO2 含量的增加 ,涂层晶粒均能发生一定程度的细化。所获三元阳极涂层主要组成物相为金红石 (Ru ,Sn ,Ti)O2 固溶体 ,SnO2 组元含量较高的涂层出现不同成分金红石相共存的现象 ;当涂层退火温度由 45 0℃升高至 6 0 0℃后 ,SnO2 组元不能阻止 (Ru ,Sn ,Ti)O2 固溶体脱溶分解 ,并析出六方晶系Ru单质 ;添加SnO2 组元的RuO2 SnO2 TiO2 涂层晶粒外观呈较理想等轴状特征     

Y2O3含量对SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-K2O-Li2O系统微晶玻璃的析晶及性能的影响

以SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-K2O-Li2O为玻璃组成,P2O5和ZrO2为复合成核剂,Sb2O3为澄清剂,Y2O3为添加物,通过传统熔体冷却方法制得了该系统基础玻璃.利用DSC、XRD、SEM及性能测试等手段,研究了Y2O3含量的变化对玻璃析晶行为、析出晶相种类、晶粒尺寸、晶粒分布以及微晶玻璃的力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:随着Y2O3含量的增加,玻璃的析晶峰值温度升高,且析晶峰也逐渐变宽、变钝;Y2O3的加入并不影响微晶玻璃中主晶相的组成,但对其微观结构有明显影响;当Y2O3含量低于2.0%(摩尔分数)时,微晶玻璃的抗弯强度随Y2O3含量增加而增加;当Y2O3含量为2.0%时,获得微晶玻璃的抗弯强度值最高,达到217 MPa;当2.0%≤x(Y2O3)≤2.5%时,抗弯强度反而降低;当Y2O3含量为2.5%时,获得的微晶玻璃具有良好的半透明性,并具有较好的力学性能(抗弯强度为198 MPa);与一步法热处理相比,采用两步晶化热处理有利于提高微晶玻璃的力学性能.     

SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO-F-ZrO_2系微晶玻璃的析晶

为了研究ZrO_2含量对SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO-F-ZrO_2系微晶玻璃析晶特征的影响,采用传统的熔融-冷淬法制备了不同ZrO_2含量的玻璃试样.结果表明:在所研究的玻璃中,ZrO_2的最大溶解量在5.0%(质量分数,下同)左右,超过其饱和溶解度后将析出氧化锆相.玻璃样品在700 ℃处理发生非晶态的分相现象,分相区主要是氟元素的偏聚,而没有形成锆元素的偏聚.在不同氧化锆含量的玻璃中析出的晶体有氟云母和少量ZrO_2与莫来石相.ZrO_2加入量的提高有助于在低温下析晶,但ZrO_2含量的提高抑制了氟云母晶体的析出.随着玻璃中ZrO_2含量的提高,析出晶体从玫瑰花形向团簇状转变.     

First-principles study of electronic structure and magnetic properties of orthorhombic CrGa2Sb2 and MnGa2Sb2

By the first-principles calculations, we present the results of electronic structure and magnetic properties on bulk CrGa₂Sb₂ and MnGa₂Sb₂ in an orthorhombic structure with the linear chains of transition-metal Cr and Mn atoms, using four different exchange correlation potentials: the local density approximation (LDA), the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), GGA + U, and the Tran-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson functional (mBJ). The electronic structure calculations from four exchange correlation potentials show that CrGa₂Sb₂ is a pseudogap (negative gap) material with very small density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level, while MnGa₂Sb₂ has notably higher DOS at the Fermi level compared to CrGa₂Sb₂, exhibiting stronger metallic conductivity, although the mBJ potential obtains lower DOS at the Fermi level than LDA and GGA for both CrGa₂Sb₂ and MnGa₂Sb₂. The GGA + U method with a small value (1 eV) of the on-site Coulomb interaction parameter U obtains lower DOS at the Fermi level compared to the large value of U. In agreement with the measurement data, the total energy calculations reveal that both CrGa₂Sb₂ and MnGa₂Sb₂ have a stable ferromagnetic ground state with lower energies relative to antiferromagnetic state. Based on the Heisenberg model, the magnetic exchange constants between the nearest-neighbor Cr–Cr and Mn–Mn along transition-metal linear chains are calculated to be 48.6 meV and 27.5 meV for CrGa₂Sb₂ and MnGa₂Sb₂, respectively. By the mean-field approximation method, we calculated the Curie temperature of two compounds to be above room-temperature.     

Thermodynamic evaluation of phase equilibria in the CaCl2-MgCl2-CaF2-MgF2 system

The phase diagram of the CaCl₂-CaF₂-MgCl₂-MgF₂ reciprocal ternary system was calculated thermodynamically from available data on the common-ion binary subsystems and from available data on the CaCl₂-MgF₂ join. This join is very nearly quasibinary and divides the system into two quasiternary systems: the CaCl₂-MgF₂-CaF₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 724 +-5 °C and the CaC₂-MgF₂-MgCl₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 561 +-5 °C.     

RuO2含量对Ti／SnO2＋Sb2O3／RuO2＋PbO2阳极性台皂的影响

采用热分解法制备了以钛为基体、SnO2＋Sb2O3为中间层、RuO2＋PbO2为活性层的Ti／SnO2＋Sb2O3／RuO2＋PbO2电极。应用极化曲线法和循环伏安法测定不同RuO2含量下电极在25℃，0．5mol／LH2SO4溶液中的电催化活性。实验结果表明，随着RuO2含量的增加，相同电极电位下的电流密度增大；相同的扫描速率下，RuO2含量增加，电极的伏安电荷值增加，即电极的电催化活性随着RuO2含量的增加而增加。在1．0mol／LH2SO4溶液中，60℃、电流密度为2．0A／cm^2条件下，电极寿命快速检测结果表明，Ti／SnO2＋Sb2O3／RuO2＋PbO2电极的寿命随RuO2含量的增加而下降；但与不加有SnO2＋Sb2O3中间层的Ti／RuO2＋PbO2电极相比，电极寿命则显著增加。RuO2的含量还对电极的表面形貌有明显的影响。     

Hydrophilic property of SiO2-TiO2 overlayer films and TiO2／SiO2 mixing films

The photo-induced hydrophilicity of SiO2 overlayer on TiO2 films prepared by sol-gel method was investigated by means of soak angle measurement, XPS, UV-VIS and FTIR spectra. The results show that, compared with the TiO2 film without SiO2 overlayer, when the TiO2 film is thoroughly covered by SiO2 overlayer, the hydrophilicity and the sustained effect are enhanced. It is found that the significant growth of the OH- group occurs in the surface of SiO2 overlayer. The different mechanism of enhanced hydrophilicity between SiO2 overlayer on TiO2 films and TiO2/SiO2 mixing films was analyzed. The result suggests that the photo-generated electrons created in the interface between TiO2 and SiO2 tend to reduce the Ti(Ⅳ) cation to the Ti( Ⅲ ) state, and the photogenerated holes transmit through the SiO2 layer to uppermost surface efficiently. Once the holes go up to the surface， they tend to make the surface hydrophilic. The stable hydrophilicity of SiO2 overlayer which adsorbs more stable OH groups, enhances the sustained effect, i.e. the super-hydrophilic state can be maintained for a long time in dark place.     

MgF_2含量对Li_2O-Al_2O_3-SiO_2微晶玻璃组织和光学性能的影响

通过熔融法制备了不同MgF2含量的Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2(LAS)透明微晶玻璃,利用差热分析仪、X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电镜、紫外可见分光光度计等测试技术,研究MgF2含量对LAS微晶玻璃的热处理温度、显微结构以及光学性能的影响规律。结果表明,随着MgF2含量增加,玻璃晶化温度明显降低;LAS微晶玻璃的主晶相为石英固溶体,其晶粒尺寸先降低后增大;MgF2含量增大到2 wt%时,晶粒异常长大,晶粒间出现粘连,导致LAS微晶玻璃失透。利用分相成核理论初步分析了LAS透明微晶玻璃的组织结构和光学性能的变化机理。MgF2的晶粒细化作用为制备透明、高强韧LAS微晶玻璃提供了可能。     

High temperature corrosion of Fe-Cr-Mn-alloys in H2-H2S and H2-H2O-H2S gas mixtures

The sulfidation of Fe-20% Cr-30% Mn, Fe-25%Cr-20%Mn and Fe-25% Cr was studied at 700°C in H₂-H₂S and the oxidation and sulfidation in H₂-H₂O-H₂S after preoxidation in H₂-H₂O. The sulfidation rate is strongly increased for the Mn-containing alloys, layers of (Mn,Cr)S and (Mn,Fe)Cr₂S₄ are formed. Also the oxidation rate is enhanced compared to Fe-25% Cr by formation of MnCr₂O₄ instead of Cr₂O₃. The sulfidation after preoxidation leads to internal and external sulfidation of the Mn-containing alloys. With increasing oxygen pressure p(O₂) = 10^?26…10^?22 atm. of the H₂-H₂O-H₂S mixtures the sulfidation is suppressed, for the higher oxygen pressure 10^?23 and 10^?22 atm. fast oxidation prevails under formation of MnCr₂O₄. Manganese cannot increase the sulfidation resistance of alloys, in spite of the stability and low degree of disorder of its sulfide, since the mixed sulfide (Mn,Cr)S is formed which has a high degree of disorder, high diffusivities and high growth rate according to the doping effect of trivalent Cr³⁺.     

TiO2组元对RuO2+SnO2+TiO2/Ti阳极涂层微观结构的影响

通过溶胶凝胶(Sol-gel)过程制备了添加TiO2的RuO2 SnO2／Ti纳米涂层钛阳极，并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、差热分析(DTA)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析了TiO2组元对RuO2 TiO2 SnO2／Ti电极涂层的微观结构和晶粒尺寸的影响。结果表明：涂层组成物主要为(Ru，Sn，Ti)O2固溶体，在TiO2含量增加、退火温度升高时，该固溶体仍可稳定存在；添加TiO2细化晶粒的效果不显著，但随退火温度的升高，TiO2相对含量较高的涂层中晶粒长大速率较低，即TiO2具备稳定晶粒尺寸的作用；添加TiO2的涂层晶粒外观呈较理想的等轴状。     

Ti基RuO2-CeO2-SnO2涂层阳极的电催化性能

利用热分解法制备了不同CeO2含量的Ti基RuO2-CeO2-SnO2涂层阳极, 通过循环伏安曲线和电化学阻抗谱测试了所制备的涂层阳极的电催化性能, 并用扫描电镜对涂层阳极的表面形貌进行了观察. 结果表明 制备温度对涂层阳极的性能有很大影响, 在涂层阳极中引入CeO2可以增加RuO2-CeO2- SnO2涂层的有效活性表面积, 从而提高涂层阳极的电催化活性, 且CeO2含量的最佳摩尔分数为0.4.     

RuO2含量对Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/RuO2+PbO2阳极性能的影响

采用热分解法制备了以钛为基体、SnO2+Sb2O3为中间层、RuO2+PbO2为活性层的Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/RuO2+PbO2电极.应用极化曲线法和循环伏安法测定不同RuO2含量下电极在25℃,0.5 mol/LH2SO4溶液中的电催化活性.实验结果表明,随着RuO2含量的增加,相同电极电位下的电流密度增大;相同的扫描速率下,RuO2含量增加,电极的伏安电荷值增加,即电极的电催化活性随着RuO2含量的增加而增加.在1.0mol/LH2SO4溶液中,60℃、电流密度为2.0A/cm2条件下,电极寿命快速检测结果表明,Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/RuO2+PbO2电极的寿命随RuO2含量的增加而下降;但与不加有SnO2+Sb2O3中间层的Ti/RuO2+PbO2电极相比,电极寿命则显著增加.RuO2的含量还对电极的表面形貌有明显的影响.     

纳米复合W-6%ThO_2和W-2%ThO_2阴极材料的性能对比

通过真空热压烧结制备了W-6%ThO2和W-2%ThO2纳米复合阴极材料,分析表明两者的显微组织类似,纳米ThO2较均匀分布在W基体上;前者的起弧电场强度低于后者,逸出功也相应降低;两者的机械性能相差不大。     

Viscosities of Fe_nO-MgO-SiO_2 and Fe_nO-MgO-CaO-SiO_2 slags

1　INTRODUCTIONTheviscosityofliquidslagsisanimportantphysicalproperty .Innickelflashsmeltingprocesses ,slagscontainmainlyironoxidesandsilicainadditiontoMgO ,CaO ,Cr2 O3andAl2 O3aswellasvaluemet alsandotherimpurities .Manyinvestigationsontheviscosityofironsilicatemeltwerealreadyreport ed[14 ] .Butonlyfewstudiesarereportedontheslagsinthecompositionrangeoccurringinnickelmattesmelting.Thismaymainlybeattributedtoexperi mentaldifficultiesinviscositymeasurementsforthehighmeltingtemperatureofi…     

Symmetry analysis of magnetic structures possible in TbNi2Si2-TbMn2Si2 solid solutions

TbNi₂Si₂-TbMn₂Si₂ solid solutions have been studied by neutron diffraction to reveal magnetic structures with wave vectors {k ₈} = μ(b ₁–b ₂) + b ₃/2 = 2π [(1–2μ)/2, (1 + 2μ)/2, 0]/a, {k ₁₃} = b ₃/2 = 2π(1/2, 1/2, 0)/a, and {k ₁₄} = 0. The method of calculation is described and the results of calculations are given for the basis functions of irreducible representations of the space group D _4h ¹⁷ (14/mmm) that are used for the most rational search for a real model of the magnetic structure of these solid solutions. The compositions of the magnetic representations for each of the above-mentioned wave vectors and the possible variants of the mutual orientation of atomic magnetic moments in the crystallographic positions in which the magnetically active atoms (Tb, Ni, Mn) are located have been determined.     

Al2O3含量对CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-CaF2-Na2O保护渣结晶性能的影响

为控制结晶器保护渣结晶性能,采用热丝法构建保护渣的CCT与TTT曲线,以探讨Al2O3含量对其结晶性能的影响规律.结果表明,随Al2O3增加,保护渣临界冷却速度减小,结晶能力减弱.