一种制备核-壳纳米Ni／Al复合粉末的新方法

在含氟离子的水溶液中，采用Al粉直接置换还原Ni盐的方法，实现了纳米Ni在Al粉表面上的快速化学沉积，制备出核-壳结构的Ni／Al复合粉末。探讨了反应的过程，利用粒度分析，SEM，XRD，BET，XPS等测试手段对复合粉末进行了微观测试和表征。结果表明：平均粒度为7．13μm的铝颗粒表面包覆着一层纳米Ni（其晶粒度为20．4nm），形成了壳层。     

钼粉与Ni及Ni3Al粉末烧结的显微结构分析

为了使钼粉得到较高的密度,将其在2500K的高温下进行烧结。而添加2wt%Ni或5wt%Ni3Al粉末的钼粉,在1573K下保温1h进行烧结时,其密度分别达到94%和96%。也就是说,添加Ni粉或Ni3Al合金粉末显著地提高了钼粉的烧结特性。日本熊本大学机械工程与材料科学系的M. Nishida等人采用透射电子显微镜对钼粉与Ni及Ni3Al合金粉末烧结的显微组织进行了观察和分析。将日本钨有限公司、国际镍有限公司、日本雾化制作有限公司分别提供的钼粉 (4.3μm)、羰基镍粉(4μm~7μm)、水雾化Ni3Al合金粉(10.63μm)按一定比例混合后,首先以490MPa的压力进行…     

热等静压制备CF/Al复合材料的微观结构及性能

采用热等静压(HIP)工艺制备连续碳纤维(CF)增强Al基复合材料。利用扫描电镜、粒度仪和X射线衍射仪表征2A12铝合金粉末形貌、粒度分布和相组成;利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪观察复合材料的显微组织、断口形貌和界面扩散反应特征,并对其主要力学性能进行测试。结果表明:粉末形貌呈球形,粒度主要分布在150~180μm;复合材料致密,界面连接紧密无孔洞缺陷;与基体铝合金材料相比,复合材料的拉伸强度和断后伸长率分别提高5%和54%,断裂方式为脆性断裂;Al基体裂纹起源于粉末颗粒界面,CF/Al界面断口呈现CF拔出和断裂失效形式;CF/Al界面发生元素扩散,界面反应生成Al4C3金属间化合物。     

混合粉末半固态成形Al7075/B_4C复合材料在不同实验条件下的显微组织和力学行为（英文）

通过混合粉末半固态成形法制备B_4C增强铝基复合材料。先将Al7075元素粉末在机械搅拌状态下逐渐添加到酒精溶液中,然后通过高能球磨将Al7075元素粉末与B_4C颗粒混合,最后将Al7075/B_4C混合粉末在半固体状态下冷压成型。研究基体颗粒尺寸(20、45和63μm)、增强相的体积分数(5%、10%和20%)和半固态压制压力(50和100 MPa)对复合材料的形貌、显微组织、密度、硬度、压缩强度和抗弯强度的影响。实验结果表明,当大的B_4C颗粒(45μm)分布在小的基体相颗粒(20μm)中时,材料的显微组织最均匀。基体颗粒尺寸大于增强相颗粒尺寸的复合材料中团聚量大于10%(体积分数)。团聚区域的液相难以渗透到孔隙中,降低复合材料的密度和强度。采用20μm Al7075和20%(体积分数)45μm B_4C粉末在100 MPa下压制的复合材料表现出最高的硬度值(HV 190)和抗压强度(336 MPa)     

双喷嘴气雾化技术制备球形AlSi10Mg粉末及其表征（英文）

采用自行研制的双喷嘴气雾化技术制备AlSi10Mg合金粉末,研究导液管直径、雾化压力、熔体过热度对粉末特性的影响,引入钝度和赘生物指数概念来表征粉末球形度和卫星粉。结果表明:所制备粉末的粒径中值在25～33μm范围内,在过热度为350 K条件下,细粉(50μm)收得率最高达到72.13%。粉末粒度随着熔体过热度的增大而减小,随着导液管直径的增大而增大。钝度值为96%～98%的粉末占总体的60%以上。所有批次的粉末赘生物指数表明:70%～85%的粉末没有粘连卫星颗粒,只有极少量粉末粘连2个或者3个卫星颗粒。粉末组织中除Al和Si相存在外,还有亚稳态的Al9Si相生成。     

原位反应合成（TiB2-Al2O3）/NiAl复合材料的微观组织

通过Ni、Al、TiO2和B2O3粉末之间的原位反应合成(TiB2-Al2O3)/NiAl复合材料,研究材料的物相组成和组织结构,并对典型组织的形成过程进行探讨。结果表明:反应产物由NiAl、TiB2和Al2O3这3种相组成。基体由NiAl和Al2O3组成,而TiB2颗粒规则,尺寸2~5μm,呈簇状镶嵌在Al2O3中,少量弥散分布在NiAl基体上。分析认为TiB2的晶体结构、含量、所处NiAl熔体环境以及极快的冷却速度是影响其生长形态和分布的主要原因。     

球磨纳米结构Fe40Al合金粉末及其冷喷涂沉积行为研究

目的研究冷喷涂用纳米结构Fe40Al合金粉末的球磨制备工艺及其在不同基体表面的冷喷涂沉积行为。方法以Fe粉、Al粉为原料,按照Fe-40Al进行配比混合,采用行星式球磨机制备纳米结构Fe40Al合金粉末,在不同硬度基体表面(不锈钢、低碳钢、纯铜及锡)冷喷涂沉积单个Fe40Al合金粉末颗粒。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM),分析球磨过程中Fe40Al合金粉末的组织结构演变规律、粉末颗粒在不同基体表面的碰撞变形行为及沉积特性。结果球磨过程中,随着球磨时间的延长,Al扩散进入Fe晶格形成纳米结构Fe(Al)固溶体,球磨36 h后,Fe40Al合金粉末的晶粒尺寸约为35 nm,平均颗粒尺寸约为20μm,内部为精细层状结构。纳米结构Fe40Al合金粉末在硬度较高的不锈钢和低碳钢基体上沉积时,粉末颗粒发生强塑性变形而基体变形量较小,颗粒和基体间的结合较弱,沉积效果较差;当在硬度较低、塑性较好的Cu基体上沉积时,基体与粉末颗粒同时发生塑性变形,颗粒和基体间的结合较强,沉积效果最好;在硬度最低的Sn基体上沉积时,基体发生强烈的塑性变形且出现部分熔化,但颗粒几乎没有变形,且颗粒与基体间的结合很弱,沉积效果最差。结论采用球磨工艺可制备出适合冷喷涂用的纳米结构Fe40Al合金粉末,随着球磨时间的延长,粉末晶粒尺寸减小,硬度增加。基体种类对纳米结构Fe40Al合金粉末的冷喷涂沉积行为影响显著,基体硬度过高或过低均不利于粉末颗粒沉积,基体与粉末颗粒同时发生塑性变形有利于增强颗粒与基体间的界面结合,从而改善沉积效果。     

喷雾造粒-H_2还原制备WC-Co热喷涂粉末

以水溶性醋酸钴代替金属钴粉与WC粉、纯水、微量炭黑和有机碳球磨混匀,经喷雾造粒,H2还原制备WC-Co热喷涂粉。结果表明:当进风温度260℃、出风温度140℃、转速10000r/min所制备的粉末粒度在10~80μm,平均粒度为35μm。在1250℃下,H2还原WC-Co粉末接近共晶温度,产生大量液相,粉末合金化。中空球形颗粒,在重力作用下生成的液相开始流动,填充孔隙,使粉末颗粒密实、颗粒收缩、薄壁变厚,松装密度增大,粉末粒度在10~50μm、平均粒度为25μm,Co相均匀包覆球形WC颗粒。     

超音速电弧喷射雾化制备的非互溶Ag-10Ni合金粉末的凝固特征

采用超音速电弧喷射气雾化制粉设备制备了难固溶Ag-10Ni合金粉末。研究了粉末粒度分布、形貌及凝固组特征，并对雾化熔滴的冷却速率及过冷度、凝固组织的凝固次序、形成机制进行了分析。结果表明：粉末分散性好、粒度主要集中在20pm～45μm、平均粒度32μm、形貌主要为球形和近球形；粉末颗粒凝固组织为富Ag基体＋弥散分布于基体中的细Ni相＋位于芯部的大直径初晶富Ni相，在大直径初晶富Ni相中弥散分布析出Ag相；富Ag基体的凝固组织为树枝晶组织，小颗粒粉末（〈20μm）枝晶间距小于0．2μm。     

镍基和铁基激光熔覆材料对熔覆层组织及性能的影响

采用同步送粉方式在16Mn钢基体表面熔覆不同材料(铁基和镍基粉末)。采用的激光熔覆参数:功率为3.0 k W、熔覆速度为1000 mm/min、光斑直径为5 mm、搭接率为40%。依次对铁基和Ni25、Ni45、Ni60加不同比例的WC强化相熔覆材料进行研究,选用的WC类型为钴包WC,WC合金粉末粒径为73μm。采用带有硬度计的电子显微镜、摩擦磨损试验机以及不同腐蚀时间的方式对熔覆层的微观组织、硬度、耐磨损以及耐腐蚀进行分析。结果表明,16Mn基体的最佳熔覆材料为Ni45+20%WC粉末。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。