非等原子比AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金组织及力学性能研究

通过改变Co、Cr、Fe、Ni元素含量,研究了铸态非等原子比Al0.5(Co,Cr,Fe,Ni)4高熵合金的组织和力学性能.结果 表明,Cr元素的增加会提高bcc相体积分数,而Fe、Co、Ni元素的增加会提高fcc相的体积分数;对于Co-Fe、Co-Ni、Fe-Ni元素含量较高的Al0.5(Co,Cr,Fe,Ni)4合...     

Microstructure and Properties of Al0.4FeCrNiCo1.5Ti0.3 High Entropy Alloy Prepared by MA-HP Technique

采用机械合金化-真空热压烧结(MA-HP)法制备了Al0.4FeCrNi Co1.5Ti0.3高熵合金。利用XRD、SEM和力学压缩试验机分析Al0.4FeCrNiCo1.5Ti0.3合金的微观组织、相转变以及力学性能。结果表明:经高能球磨10 h,合金中形成了简单固溶体fcc和bcc相,而经过热压烧结的Al0.4Fe Cr Ni Co1.5Ti0.3合金以单一fcc相及2种bcc相(bcc1、bcc2)组成。热压烧结Al0.4Fe Cr Ni Co1.5Ti0.3合金致密度达99.48%,其微观硬度(HV),屈服强度、断裂强度、压缩率分别达到725 MPa,2.13 GPa,2.54 GPa,20.1%,合金优异的力学性能主要是因为合金的固溶强化;断裂模式为解理断裂及塑性断裂的混合机制。     

MA-HP法制备Al_(0.4)FeCrNiCo_(1.5)Ti_(0.3)高熵合金组织与性能研究(英文)

采用机械合金化-真空热压烧结(MA-HP)法制备了Al0.4FeCrNi Co1.5Ti0.3高熵合金。利用XRD、SEM和力学压缩试验机分析Al0.4FeCrNiCo1.5Ti0.3合金的微观组织、相转变以及力学性能。结果表明:经高能球磨10 h,合金中形成了简单固溶体fcc和bcc相,而经过热压烧结的Al0.4Fe Cr Ni Co1.5Ti0.3合金以单一fcc相及2种bcc相(bcc1、bcc2)组成。热压烧结Al0.4Fe Cr Ni Co1.5Ti0.3合金致密度达99.48%,其微观硬度(HV),屈服强度、断裂强度、压缩率分别达到725 MPa,2.13 GPa,2.54 GPa,20.1%,合金优异的力学性能主要是因为合金的固溶强化;断裂模式为解理断裂及塑性断裂的混合机制。     

基于第一性原理计算V元素对高熵合金Al0.4Co0.5VxFeNi的组织及性能影响

采用第一性密度泛函理论,结合虚拟晶体近似（VCA）的方法建立晶体结构模型,开展高熵合金Al0.4Co0.5Vx FeNi的结构性能、弹性性能及基态能量计算。根据能量最低原理可确定,Al0.4Co0.5Vx FeNi高熵合金的最优K-point值为12×12×12,截断能为1000 eV。计算结果表明：Al0.4Co0.5Vx FeNi系高熵合金均可生成fcc+bcc结构,fcc的力学稳定性明显优于bcc的力学稳定性。V元素含量由0.2增至0.8时,bcc点阵常数降低约4%,fcc晶格常数降低约6%。随着V元素的增加,Al0.4Co0.5Vx FeNi合金的体模量、剪切模量逐渐减小。V元素含量为0.8时,bcc结构的泊松比异常增加,进一步说明了随着V元素含量的增加,材料的塑性变形能力降低,材料的脆性增加。经试验验证,Al0.4Co0.5Vx FeNi系高熵合金均由fcc和bcc组成,组织形貌均为两相组织;V元素含量由0.2升至0.8时,延伸率降低约85%,该试验结果与第一性原理计算的结果较为吻合。     

冷喷涂辅助感应重熔合成AlCoxCrFeNiCu高熵合金涂层的显微组织和性能

通过冷喷涂辅助感应重熔技术在45钢基体成功制备AlCo_xCrFeNiCu (x=0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0，摩尔分数)高熵合金涂层。研究了Co元素含量对冷喷涂辅助合成高熵合金涂层物相、微观组织的影响。结果表明：通过低压冷喷涂辅助感应重熔技术合成的AlCo_xCrFeNiCu高熵合金涂层由fcc+bcc双相混合结构组成，涂层组织为等轴树枝晶+晶间组织，其中枝晶为bcc结构，晶间组织为fcc结构。Co含量的变化会引起AlCo_xCrFeNiCu高熵合金涂层的晶格畸变状态发生变化，当x=1.0时，AlCo₁CrFeNiCu高熵合金涂层的晶格应变最大。Co元素含量增加会促进AlCo_xCrFeNiCu高熵合金涂层中的枝晶数目增加，同时涂层中的树枝晶尺寸也随着Co元素含量增加而增大。涂层中的树枝晶富集Fe、Cr、Co、Ni元素，枝晶间富集Cu元素，Al均匀地分布在整个涂层中。随着Co含量增加，AlCo_xCrFeNiCu高熵合金涂层的硬度先增加后减小；当x=1.0时...     

Cr对CoFeNiAl0.6Ti0.4的合金化行为与组织的影响

采用"机械合金化+SPS烧结"制备了CoFeNiAl0.6Ti0.4和CrCoFeNiAl0.6Ti0.4块体高熵合金,研究元素Cr对CoFeNiAl0.6Ti0.4高熵合金的合金化行为和组织的影响。结果表明:Cr元素并不影响CoFeNiAl0.6Ti0.4高熵合金的合金化顺序,而影响完全合金化后的晶体结构,使CoFeNiAl0.6Ti0.4高熵合金原本单一的fcc结构转变为fcc+bcc结构。SPS烧结后,CoFeNiAl0.6Ti0.4高熵合金主要为fcc+bcc主相+微量bcc白相,而Cr元素的添加促使合金转变成fcc主相+微量bcc白相。同时,合金元素Cr的加入,使CoFeNiAl0.6Ti0.4高熵合金中的微量白相,由原本富Al和Fe元素转变为富Al和Ti元素;且Cr元素不影响CoFeNiAl0.6Ti0.4高熵合金中fcc结构的纳米孪晶组织的形成。     

Al_xFeCrCoNi_(1-x)合金组织结构及摩擦磨损性能研究

研究不同含量Al、Ni的AlxFe Cr Co Ni(1-x)(x=0.2,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.8)多主元高熵合金的组织结构及其对摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:随着x的增加,合金的组织结构由单一的fcc相逐渐转变为单一的bcc相,合金的硬度和磨损性能也随之提高。这主要是因为合金的高熵效应抑制了金属间化合物的形成,从而形成简单的固溶体结构。     

激光功率对激光熔覆FeCoNiCr高熵合金涂层组织结构及腐蚀性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

针对激光熔覆高熵合金涂层的成分设计已有较多探究,但激光工艺参数对涂层结构与性能的影响尚缺乏系统研究。采用激光熔覆技术在316L不锈钢基体表面制备Fe Co Ni Cr高熵合金涂层,系统探究激光功率(1.2~2.0 kW)对Fe Co Ni Cr高熵合金涂层的组织结构以及耐腐蚀性能的影响规律。不同激光功率制备的Fe Co Ni Cr涂层均由典型的单一面心立方结构(FCC)组成,但随着激光功率的增大,涂层逐渐出现择优取向。Fe Co Ni Cr涂层呈现典型的双层组织结构特征,底部为柱状晶,顶部为等轴晶,但随着激光功率增加,顶部等轴晶逐渐向柱状晶转变。随着激光功率的增加,Fe Co Ni Cr涂层混合熵值逐渐下降。Fe Co Ni Cr涂层具有优异的耐腐蚀性能,但随激光功率的增加而逐渐减弱。其中,当功率为1.2 kW时,涂层的自腐蚀电流密度最小,自腐蚀电压最大且涂层表面无腐蚀坑,具有最佳的耐腐蚀性能,优于316L基体以及Stellite6和Ni60等常规激光熔覆涂层。通过优化激光功率获得具有良好耐腐蚀性能的激光熔覆Fe Co Ni Cr高熵合金涂层,可对该类涂层的开发、制备和应用提供一定的理论指导和技术支持。     

热处理对Al_(0.5)CoCrCuFeNi高熵合金显微组织与硬度的影响

采用水冷铜坩埚真空感应悬浮熔炼制备了多组元高熵合金Al0.5Co Cr Cu Fe Ni,研究了不同热处理工艺对合金的显微组织和硬度的影响规律。结果表明,Al0.5Co Cr Cu Fe Ni高熵合金相结构简单,在铸态下由两种不同成分的FCC相组成,枝晶处为贫Cu的FCC1相,枝晶间为富Cu的FCC2相,显微组织为树枝晶形貌,存在一定的枝晶偏析。合金制备态的硬度为255 HV0.5。合金具有良好的热稳定性,随着热处理温度的升高,合金的相结构和硬度均无太大的变化。冷却方式对合金的显微组织和相结构影响不大,但炉冷后合金的硬度比空冷和水冷时高。     

Al_xFeCoNiB_(0.1)高熵合金的微观组织和力学性能

采用真空电弧炉熔炼制备了Al_xFeCoNiB_(0.1)(x=0.4, 0.5, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, at%)高熵合金,并对其微观组织和力学性能进行测试。随Al含量增加,合金的铸态枝晶由fcc相转变为B_2(AlNi)/bcc相。当x=0.4,0.5时,合金的组织由枝晶fcc相和枝晶间组织B_2相及(Fe,Co)_2B组成;x=0.8时,枝晶由B_2相组成,枝晶间由fcc相及(Fe,Co)_2B组成;x=1.2时,枝晶间由共晶组织fcc+(Fe,Co)_2B组成,bcc呈纳米级颗粒状;x=1.6时,共晶组织消失。随Al含量的增加,抗压强度先上升后下降,Al含量为0.8时达到峰值,为2243 MPa,适量的Al能提高高熵合金综合力学性能。     

第一性原理计算Cu元素含量对高熵合金AlCoCrCu_xFeNi的影响

采用第一性原理密度泛函理论,结合平面波赝势和广义梯度近似(GGA),用虚拟晶体近似(VCA)的方法建立晶体结构模型,计算了高熵合金AlCoCrCuxFeNi的结构性能、弹性性能和生成热。计算结果表明,高熵合金的密度随Cu元素摩尔含量的增大而增大,晶格常数在Cu元素摩尔含量为1.5时最小。Cu元素的摩尔含量并不能改变高熵合金AlCoCrCuxFeNi的力学稳定性。生成热随着Cu元素摩尔含量的增大而减小,但皆为负值。表明高熵合金AlCoCrCuxFeNi在热力学条件下是稳定的。     

Effects of Mn Content on Mechanical Properties of FeCoCrNiMn_x (0≤x≤0.3) High-Entropy Alloys: A First-Principles Study

Effects of Mn content on mechanical properties of FeCoCrNiMn_x(0 ≤x≤0.3) high-entropy alloys(HEAs) are investigated via first-prmciples calculations combining EMTO-CPA method.Related physical parameters,including lattice constant.elastic constants,elastic modulus,Pugh's ratio,anisotropy factors,Poisson's ratio,Cauchy pressure,Vickers hardness,yield strength,and energy factor,are calculated as a function of Mn content.The results show that the resistances to bulk,elastic,and shear deformation decrease with increasing Mn content.Pugh's ratio B/G indicates that the ductility of FeCoCrNiMn_x HEAs has a remarkable reduction between 22 and 24% of Mn content.Meanwhile,Cauchy pressure suggests that the atomic bonding transforms from metallic to directional characteristic from 22 to 24% of Mn content.Vickers hardness and yield strength of FeCoCrNiMn HEA are intrinsically larger than those of FeCoCrNi HEA.Dislocation nucleation easily occurs in FeCoCrNiMn HE A compared to FeCoCrNi HEA,and large dislocation width in FeCoCrNiMnO_2 HE A results in low stacking-fault energy,which easily induces twinning deformation.This work provides a valuable msieht for further theoretical and experimental study on the mechanical properties of FeCoCrNiMn_x(0≤x≤0.3) HEAs.     

Achieving a High-Strength CoCrFeNiCu High-Entropy Alloy with an Ultrafine-Grained Structure via Friction Stir Processing

High-entropy alloys(HEAs) are a new class of materials with a potential engineering application,but how to obtain ultrafine or nano-sized crystal structures of HEAs has been a challenge.Here,we first presented an equiatomic CoCrFeNiCu HEA with excellent mechanical properties obtained via friction stir processing(FSP).After FSP,the Cu element segregation in the cast CoCrFeNiCu HEA was almost eliminated,and the cast coarse two-phase structure(several micrometers) was changed into an ultrafine-grained single-phase structure(150 nm) with a large fraction of high-angle grain boundaries and nanoscale deformation twins.This unique microstructure was mainly attributed to the severe plastic deformation during FSP,and the sluggish diffusion effect in dynamics and the lattice distortion effect in crystallography for HEAs.Furthermore,FSP largely improved the hardness and yield strength of the CoCrFeNiCu HEA with a value of 380 HV and more than 1150 MPa,respectively,which were 1.5 times higher than those of the base material.The great strengthening after FSP was mainly attributed to the significant grain refinement with large lattice distortion and nano-twins.This study provides a new method to largely refine the microstructure and improve the strength of cast CoCrFeNiCu HEAs.     

粉末冶金FeCoNiCu0.4Al0.4高熵合金的热处理组织与性能

采用机械合金化(MA)与放电等离子烧结(SPS)相结合的方法制备出FeCoNiCu0.4Al0.4高熵合金,研究不同热处理温度对合金显微组织与力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:机械合金化后,FeCoNiCu0.4Al0.4高熵合金形成了单相的FCC固溶体,经1100℃SPS烧结后的块体组织仍为单相FCC结构,其压缩屈服强度、塑性应变和显微硬度分别为1165.1 MPa、45.2%和356.9 HV。经过热处理后,合金组织中生成了新的BCC相,且BCC相的含量随热处理温度的升高先增多后减少,500、600和700℃热处理后BCC相的含量分别为7%、30%和21%(体积分数)。退火态FeCoNiCu0.4Al0.4高熵合金的屈服强度随热处理温度的升高先升高后降低。当BCC相含量增多时,材料的屈服强度和硬度相应地提高,而塑性却显著降低。     

大气等离子喷涂FeCoCrNiAl高熵合金涂层的高温摩擦磨损性能

目的 研究环境温度对FeCoCrNiAl高熵合金涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响,探讨将其应用于高温及富氧环境中的可行性。方法 采用大气等离子喷涂制备FeCoCrNiAl高熵合金涂层,考察喷涂功率对涂层微观组织的影响;测试涂层的纳米力学性能,分析其对涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响;基于涂层及对偶磨球磨损表面形貌、元素分布及含量、物相组成,讨论涂层在室温及高温环境中的摩擦磨损特性与机制。结果 涂层中形成了白色、浅灰色、深灰色及黑色4种区域,区域颜色随O元素含量增加而加深,涂层纳米力学性能逐渐增加,进而将对其摩擦磨损性能造成影响。20 kW喷涂功率制备涂层的室温摩擦因数、磨损率及磨痕深度均达最佳值,分别为(0.70±0.02)、(9.22±0.01)×10^-5 mm³/(N·m)及(130±10)μm。室温环境下,磨粒磨损、疲劳磨损及塑性变形为涂层的主要磨损机制。20 kW功率制备涂层的摩擦因数、磨损率、磨痕深度等均随摩擦环境温度的升高先增加而后降低,经600℃摩擦试验后分别低至(0.58±0.01)、(6.14±0.01)×10^-5 mm<...     

Characterization of Nucleation Behavior in Temperature-Induced BCC-to-HCP Phase Transformation for High Entropy Alloy

Phase transformation is one of the essential topics in the studies on high entropy alloys (HEAs).However,characterization of the nucleation behavior in the phase transformation for HEAs is still challenging through experimental methods.In the present work,HfNbTaTiZr HEA was chosen as the representative material,and molecular dynamics/Monte Carlo (MD/MC) simulations were performed to investigate the nucleation behavior in temperature-induced BCC-to-HCP transformation for this HEA system.The results indicate that Nb-Ta,Ti-Zr,Hf-Zr and Hf-Ti atom pairs are preferred in the BCC solid solution of HfNbTaTiZr HEA and Hf-Ti-Zr-rich atom cluster with chemical short range order acts as the nucleation site for HCP phase.The nucleation process follows the non-classical two-step nucleation model:BCC-like structure with severe lattice distortion forms first and then HCP structure nucleates from the BCC-like structure.Moreover,at low temperature,the BCC-to-HCP nucleation hardly occurs,and the BCC solid solution is stabilized.The present work provides more atomic details of the nucleation behavior in temperature-induced BCC-to-HCP phase transformation for HEA,and can help in deep understanding of the phase stability for HEAs.     

Effect of Constituent Elements on the Corrosion Resistance of Single-Phase CoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloys in NaCl SolutionEI北大核心CSCD

High entropy alloys (HEAs) origin from a new alloy design concept with multi-principal elements, which have attracted significant interests in the past decade. The high configurational entropy in HEAs results in simple solid solutions with fcc and bcc structures. Especially, the single solid solution CoCrFeNi alloy exhibits excellent properties in many aspects, such as mechanical properties, thermal stability, radiation resistance and corrosion resistance. The excellent corrosion resistance of CoCrFeNi alloy is ascribed to the single-phase structure and uniform element distribution coupled with much higher Cr content than stainless steel. The single-phase structure and uniform element distribution can prevent the occurrence of localized corrosion, and higher Cr content can protect the alloy surface better with the form of oxidation film. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of CoCrFeNi-based HEAs, such as CoCrFeNiAlx, CoCrFeNiCux, CoCrFeNiTix, have also been extensively investigated. In most CoCrFeNi-based HEAs, the elements of Co, Cr, Fe and Ni are with equal-atomic ratio. However, the equal-atomic ratio is not necessary to obtain satisfactory properties and to ensure the single fcc structure in Co-Cr-Fe-Ni system. Accordingly, it is essential to further consider the effect of alloying elements on the corrosion resistance in Co-Cr-Fe-Ni HEA. In this work, the effect of Co, Fe and Ni elements on the corrosion resistance of single fcc Co-Cr-Fe-Ni system with concentrated constitution but different atomic ratios in 3.5% NaCl solution are investigated by using LSCM and EIS. The potentiodynamic polarization results indicate that the increase of Fe and the decrease of Ni will decrease the passivation current density of the alloys when the Co and Cr contents are equal. With the increase of Co and the decrease of Ni, the alloys show smaller passivation current density and better corrosion resistance when the Fe and Cr contents are equal. With the decrease of Co and the increase of Fe and Ni, the alloys show higher corrosion potential and smaller corrosion tendency when the Cr content is constant. These results will be helpful for the design of corrosion resistant HEAs in NaCl aqueous solution.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of Al–Co–Cr–Cu–Fe–Ni high entropy alloy thin film growth

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to study AlCoCrCuFeNi high entropy alloy (HEA) thin film growth on a silicon (100) substrate. Effect of the atomic composition is studied on morphology and atomic scale structure. Input data are chosen to fit with experimental operating conditions of magnetron sputtering deposition process. It is observed that the different structures are determined by the chemical composition and atomic size mismatch. The simulated results are in good agreement with the solid-solution formation rules proposed by Zhang et al. [1] for multi-principal component HEAs which based on the two parameters δ and Ω, respectively describing describe the comprehensive effect of the atomic-size difference in the n-element alloy and the effects of enthalpy and entropy of mixing on formation of multi-component solid-solutions. When Ω ≥ 1.1 and δ ≤ 6.6%, the multi-component solid solution phase could form. In contrast, the multi-component alloys forming intermetallic compounds and bulk metallic glasses (BMG) have larger value of δ and smaller value of Ω. The value of Ω for BMG is smaller than that of intermetallic compounds.     

Affordable FeCrNiMnCu high entropy alloys with excellent comprehensive tensile properties

Fe_0.4Cr_0.4NiMn_xCu (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.4) high entropy alloys (HEAs) were prepared by copper-mold casting. The phase selection, microstructure, tensile properties and fracture morphologies were investigated. The microstructure with dual FCC phases was formed in the as-cast HEAs with x ≤ 1, and BCC phase was crystallized from the central FCC dendrites of HEAs with x = 1.2 and 1.4. In homogenized Fe_0.4Cr_0.4NiMnCu HEA, needle-like shaped BCC phase was formed resulting in a slight enhancement of yield strength. Compositional heterogeneity was detected in both FCC and BCC dendrites. These HEAs exhibit excellent comprehensive tensile properties, e.g. the yield strength, ultimate strength and elongation of the HEA with x = 1 reaches 439 MPa, 884 MPa and 23.4%, respectively. High density of dislocations in FCC matrix was formed after tensile deformation. FCC type of fine polyhedra, which is mainly composed of Cr, Mn and O, is formed in dendrites. In this work, the phase selection and strengthening mechanism were evaluated based on atomic size factor. It was found that two criteria can be employed to predict the phase regions of current alloys. The solid solution strengthening for this HEA system is the most important among the four kinds of strengthening mechanisms.     

Alloy Design Strategies and Future Trends in High-Entropy Alloys

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are newly emerging advanced materials. In contrast to conventional alloys, HEAs contain multiple principal elements, often five or more in equimolar or near-equimolar ratios. The basic principle behind HEAs is that solid-solution phases are relatively stabilized by their significantly high entropy of mixing compared to intermetallic compounds, especially at high temperatures. This makes them feasibly synthesized, processed, analyzed, and manipulated, and as well provides many opportunities for us. There are huge numbers of possible compositions and combinations of properties in the HEA field. Wise alloy design strategies for suitable compositions and processes to fit the requirements for either academic studies or industrial applications thus become especially important. In this article, four core effects were emphasized, several misconceptions on HEAs were clarified, and several routes for future HEA research and development were suggested.