强制冷却搅拌摩擦加工2024铝合金的组织性能研究

在强制冷却条件下对2024-T4铝合金板进行搅拌摩擦加工,分析了各区(母材区、热机影响区、搅拌区)的组织形貌特征,并研究了前进速度对加工区组织性能的影响。结果表明,从母材、热机影响区到搅拌区晶粒逐渐减小,搅拌区为均匀细小的再结晶组织,平均晶粒尺寸达1.9μm;母材大部分为大角度晶界,热机影响区主要为小角度晶界,搅拌区取向差分布呈双峰模态。搅拌区硬度和抗拉强度随前进速度增大而增大。     

2024/7075异种铝合金搅拌摩擦焊的晶体取向演化

使用光学显微镜、电子背散射衍射（EBSD）对比研究了2024/7075异种铝合金搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）接头及母材的组织特征、晶界特征和织构的演化.结果表明,后退侧热力影响区晶粒的小角度晶界含量较母材明显增大而前进侧热力影响区晶粒的小角度晶界含量与母材相比没有明显变化,焊核区发生了动态再结晶,大角度晶界含量明显增加.后退侧2024铝合金为弱取向组织,前进侧7075铝合金母材、热影响区以及热机影响区具有较强的S织构{123}<634>、黄铜织构{011}<211>和R织构{124}<211>,焊核区为等轴再结晶晶粒,没有明显的择优取向.     

退火工艺对电铸铜组织和织构的影响

采用SEM和EBSD研究了电铸铜在不同温度退火后的微观组织、晶粒取向以及特殊晶界的变化规律。结果表明:电铸铜退火前组织细小,平均晶粒尺寸约为2μm,随退火温度的升高,晶粒逐渐增大,650℃退火后,平均晶粒尺寸达到9.6μm;电铸铜主要存在{110}、{001}、{111}三种织构,{110}织构组分含量最多,退火处理有利于形成{001}织构,随退火温度的升高,{110}、{111}织构逐渐减少;电铸铜中存在大量分布取向差为60°的∑3共格孪晶界,电铸完成后,{001}晶粒相对较大,并且周围∑3晶界较少;较低温度退火时,{001}晶粒由于自身晶粒之间晶界易迁移而长大,在650℃退火时,大尺寸的{001}取向晶粒吞并周围其它取向晶粒而长大。     

含氮气氛FSP表面改性纯钛的微结构和织构

本文研究了含氮气氛下FSP表面改性纯钛的微结构和织构。结果表明：FSP纯钛搅拌区为等轴晶粒,靠近AS侧和RS侧的动态再结晶晶粒平均晶粒尺寸为2.29μm,近表面和中心区受温升和摩擦搅拌的综合作用,平均晶粒尺寸分别长大至6.48μm和8.64μm。FSP热机影响区呈梯度分布,靠近搅拌区部分晶粒细化破碎严重;远离搅拌区部分,原始晶粒变形小,以形变孪生机制为主。AS侧、底部和RS侧的热机影响区宽度分别为900μm,700μm和480μm。热机影响区内主要形成{10-12}拉伸孪晶。搅拌针形状是FSP纯钛微区织构演变的重要影响因素,搅拌区晶粒的c轴接近于PD方向。受搅拌区晶粒细化和加工硬化共同作用,搅拌区硬度整体高于母材,硬度最大值达到223.7HV_0.5。     

AZ31镁合金TIG填丝焊接头的EBSD分析

采用电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD)对AZ31镁合金TIG焊焊接接头的焊缝、热影响区、母材的金相组织、晶粒大小和形态、晶粒取向分布、织构状态和取向差分布等方面进行了研究。研究结果表明,焊接接头中靠近母材侧有一定的择优取向,主要沿轧制方向;焊缝处经过熔化再凝固后,其晶粒沿着垂直于熔合线方向生长,取向处于随机分布状态。母材区有一定强度的基面织构,主要为{0001}面织构;在焊缝区域中的织构较弱,没有较为明显的织构。在母材区和热影响区中小角度晶界相对居多,在焊缝区域中则基本为大角度晶界。     

基于CSP工艺一段式脱碳退火对取向硅钢初次再结晶晶界特征的影响

利用背散射衍射技术(EBSD),在一段式840 ℃不同时间脱碳退火条件下,研究了基于CSP工艺取向硅钢初次再结晶过程中的组织和结构变化。结果表明,在初次再结晶退火时间为4 min时织构类型较多,分别为{332}<`533>、{554}<225>、{111}<110> 、{001}<100>、 {111}<112>、{001}<110>、{110}<001>、{110}<110> 、 {112}<110>、{110}<112>、{112}<1`10>、{012}<001>和{111}<231>等。当初次再结晶退火时间延长为5 min时, {111}<112>取向晶粒数量明显增多,而{332}<`533>和{012}<001>取向晶粒比例下降。同时Σ3、Σ5和Σ9晶界比例升高,小角度晶界比例较少,而大角度晶界比例较多,这将有助于在二次再结晶退火时发生高斯织构。继续延长退火时间到6 min以后,Σ3、Σ5和Σ9晶界比例下降,小角度晶界比例提高,此时再结晶晶粒长大。     

搅拌摩擦焊焊接5083铝合金板材焊核区的晶体取向

采用搅拌摩擦焊焊接了5083铝合金板材,借助电子背散射衍射技术和取向成像分析软件,对比性地分析了母材和焊核区的晶粒形貌、取向差分布、织构组分及取向分布函数,分析了焊核区晶体取向的变化.结果表明,在热-力作用下,焊核区发生动态再结晶,显示等轴晶粒形貌,平均晶粒尺寸约为15.8μm,同时大角度晶界比例明显增加.母材的黄铜织构B{011} <211> 和S织构{123} <634> 的比例分别达到30.6%和13.6%以上;搅拌摩擦焊后,焊核区的B织构和S织构的比例分别降至4%和1.8%,原位再结晶形成的R{124} <211> 织构组分约为7.7%,焊核区其它常见面心立方金属织构组分的比例均低于8%,意味着焊核区由强取向组织转变为弱取向组织.     

CGO硅钢各阶段织构遗传继承性的EBSD分析

利用EBSD技术对CGO硅钢热轧、中间退火、脱碳退火及二次再结晶退火组织及织构进行分析,研究了CGO硅钢各阶段加工制备过程中高斯{110}001晶粒的形状、尺寸及分布特点,分析了高斯取向晶粒在各工序过程中的遗传继承性特点。结果表明,CGO硅钢热轧板的次表层存在Goss取向晶粒,历经一次冷轧及中间退火后Goss取向晶粒基本消失,一次再结晶之后Goss织构仍不是主要织构,主要织构为{111}110和{111}112,说明Goss取向晶粒在二次再结晶退火前数量及尺寸上并不占优势,二次再结晶过程中Goss取向晶粒异常长大形成锋锐Goss织构。{111}110和{111}112织构组分的强度在一次冷轧中不断增加,{111}112织构组分的强度在二次冷轧后达到最大而{111}110织构组分是在初次再结晶后变强。     

罩式退火对低碳钢冷轧板晶界特征分布及微区取向的影响

在实验室条件下模拟CSP(Compact Strip Production)热轧板为基板生产的低碳冷轧板罩式退火过程,研究再结晶阶段加热速度对冷轧板罩式退火过程晶界特征分布的影响。结果表明,在退火过程再结晶阶段加热速度为40℃/h的试样具有均匀的饼形晶粒组织,较高比例的{111}110和{111}112取向的晶粒。加热速度为40℃/h的试样含有的Σ3、Σ9、Σ13b晶界的比例高于加热速度为30℃/h的试样,Σ11晶界的比例则低于加热速度为30℃/h的试样。Σ3晶界随相邻同类型取向的增加而增多,Σ11晶界比例低时{001}110取向晶粒比例低、Σ13b晶界比例高时{111}取向晶粒比例高。     

初次再结晶退火温度对低温Hi-B钢组织和织构的影响

利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪和EBSD研究了初次再结晶退火温度对低温Hi-B钢组织、织构和晶界特征的影响。结果表明,初次再结晶退火温度直接影响低温Hi-B钢的初次再结晶的组织均匀性和晶粒平均尺寸,随着退火温度的提高,初次再结晶组织的晶粒平均尺寸从15.2μm增加到26.7μm, 820℃退火的初次再结晶组织均匀性最好。初次再结晶主要织构类型为γ织构、α织构、{001}<120>织构和{114}<481>织构,退火温度880℃时,{001}<120>织构强度明显增加。随着退火温度的提高,Goss晶粒数量减少,{114}<481>组分的面积分数先减少后增加,而{111}<112>组分的面积分数在退火温度升高到840℃后开始减少。退火温度为800℃时,{110}<001>取向晶粒与相邻晶粒的取向差为20°～45°的比例最高,为89.2%。不同退火温度下,{110}<001>取向晶粒周围的CSL晶界分布情况变化很大。     

Influence of metal ions on the formation of artificial zinc rusts

The artificial rust particles were prepared from ZnCl₂ solutions dissolving Al(III), Fe(III), Fe(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Mg(II) at different atomic ratios from 0 to 0.3 in metal/Zn. With increasing metal/Zn the crystal phases of the products turned following as ZnO → a mixture of ZnO and Zn₅(OH)₈Cl₂ · H₂O (ZHC) → ZHC. Al(III) most facilitated the formation of ZHC but Mg(II) and Fe(III) produced no ZHC. The morphology of the formed particles varied following as agglomerate → fine → rod → sheet → irregular with the increase of metal/Zn. The sheet and irregularly shaped particles were identified as ZHC and the other particles as ZnO.     

A corrosion study of the main constituent phases of AZ91 magnesium alloys

The different constituents of an AZ91 alloy (α,β, and MnAl phases) were synthesized and their corrosion resistance was studied by electrochemistry in ASTM D1384 water, pH 8.3. The pure phases were characterised through the corrosion potential, the polarisation resistance, and polarisation curves, then systematically coupled to assess the galvanic corrosion occurring in the AZ91 alloy. The aluminium content of the oxide film was obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The corrosion rate of the α solid solution alloys depends closely on their Al content. Aluminium enhances the corrosion resistance of the α-phase through the formation of an Al enriched superficial layer. The β-phase is 150 mV nobler than the α-phase, but their corrosion rates are similar. The galvanic currents are low (below 20 μA cm⁻²) whatever the implemented couples and close to the corrosion current previously measured for the AZ91 alloys.     

Effect of dislocation density on the low temperature aging behavior of an ultra low carbon bake hardening steel

Strain aging was studied in an ultra low carbon (ULC) steel with a total carbon content of 20 ppm (wt.%) in order to identify the process stages and mechanism of bake hardening in this type of steel. The effects of dislocation density, varied by means of uniaxial tensile prestraining (1–10%) on the aging kinetics were investigated within an aging temperature range of 50–170°C. The aging was evaluated by means of strength measurements and the determination of interstitial carbon content after aging using a piezoelectric composite oscillator operating at 40 kHz. The interaction between interstitial carbon and dislocations was examined through amplitude dependent internal friction measurements. The influence of dislocation density on the aging behavior have been discussed with reference to the kinetics and mechanism of the aging process.     

Effect of solution heat treatment on galvanic coupling between intermetallics and matrix in AA7075-T6

Susceptibility to localised corrosion is strongly affected by heat treatments performed on Al-Zn-Cu-Mg alloys. In order to study how galvanic coupling between intermetallics and matrix is affected by solution heat treatment, AA7075-T6 and solution heat treated AA7075 have been characterised by means of scanning electron microscopy and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy. Solution heat treatment strongly increased the Volta potential difference between the intermetallics and the surrounding matrix showing a strong increase in galvanic coupling. This is explained by Zn and Mg enrichment of the matrix caused by dissolution of strengthening particles during solution heat treatment.     

Electrochemical behaviour of amorphous and nanoquasicrystalline Zr-Pd and Zr-Pt alloys in different environments

The corrosion behaviour of melt spun amorphous and nanoquasicrystalline Zr₇₀Pd₃₀ and Zr₈₀Pt₂₀ alloy ribbons has been investigated using potentiodynamic polarization study in NaCl, H₂SO₄ and NaOH solutions at different concentrations. The amorphous and nanoquasicrystalline alloys show better corrosion resistance than Zr in all the solutions studied. Both the alloys are susceptible to chloride attack and pitting has been observed. Complete passivation has been observed in H₂SO₄, while gradual break down of passivating layer occurs in NaOH. In general, nanoquasicrystalline state in both the alloys shows better corrosion resistance than amorphous state in all the solutions studied.     

加速发展我国的快速成形技术

介绍了第二届北京国际快速成形及制造会议概况，分析了快速成形（RP）技术的发展趋势，指出RP技术研究领域的重大进展及学科发展的主攻方向是：由RP向快速制造（RM）发展，由RP向快速模具（RT）发展，RP技术在生物医学领域的应用。     

Corrosion behaviour of powder metallurgical and cast Al-Zn-Mg base alloys

The behaviour of Al-Zn-Mg base alloys produced by powder metallurgy and casting has been studied using potentiodynamic polarisation in 0.3% and 3% NaCl solutions. The influence of alloy production route on microstructure has been examined by scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. An improvement in performance of powder metallurgy (PM) materials, compared with the cast alloy, was evident in solutions of low chloride concentration; less striking differences were revealed in high chloride concentration. Both powder metallurgy and cast alloys show two main types of precipitates, which were identified as Zn-Mg and Zr-Sc base intermetallic phases. The microstructure of the PM alloys is refined compared with the cast material, which assists understanding of the corrosion performance. The corrosion process commences with dissolution of the Zn-Mg base phases, with the relatively coarse phases present in the cast alloy showing ready development of corrosion.     

A study on the deactivation of an IrO2–Ta2O5 coated titanium anode

The deactivation of an IrO₂–Ta₂O₅ coated titanium anode was studied during an accelerated life test at 2 A cm⁻² in 1 mol dm⁻³ H₂SO₄ solution using CV, EIS, SEM and EDX. The changes of voltammetric charge, double layer capacitance, oxide film resistance and charge transfer resistance of oxygen evolution with time during the electrolysis were monitored. The morphology and surface composition of the oxide anode before and after electrolysis test were analysed. A comprehensive process of deactivation of the oxide anode was proposed based on the test results and analysis.     

抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体相关性小血管炎的机制与治疗进展

血管炎是一类可引起血管非特异性炎症和坏死的自身免疫性疾病。按血管受累的大小分类,包括了小血管炎、中等血管炎及大血管炎。抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体（ANCA）相关性小血管炎（AAV）属于小血管炎的范畴,主要包含了肉芽肿性多血管炎（GPA）,显微镜下多血管炎（MPA）和嗜酸肉芽肿性多血管炎（EGPA）。它们可累及全身不同脏器,活动期异常凶险,治疗不及时可致高死亡率。本文简要综述AAV的发病机制及治疗进展。     

白藜芦醇对急性脊髓损伤早期脂质过氧化反应和活性氧水平的抑制作用

目的: 探讨脊髓损伤后使用白藜芦醇(resveratrol,Res) 对脊髓损伤(SCI) 早期脂质过氧化反应和活性氧水平的抑制作用。方法: 采用重物下落撞击法制备成年大鼠的SCI 模型, 于损伤后即刻腹腔注射给予Res 50, 100 mg·kg^-1 和甲基强的松龙(MPSS)100mg·kg^-1, 测定SCI 后1, 24, 48 h 时Res 组受损脊髓组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD) 和脂质过氧化反应产物丙二醛(MDA) 及活性氧(ROS) 水平, 并与MPSS 组进行疗效对比。结果: Res 50mg·kg^-1与100 mg·kg^-1均能够显著提高SCI 后损伤部位SOD 水平和抑制MDA 产生(P<0.01), 以48 h 为最明显;显著降低ROS 水平(P<0.01), 也以48 h 最大, 抑制率大于40 %;且有明显剂量依赖性, 作用与MPSS 相当或更优。结论: Res 可以有效抑制脊髓损伤后早期受损局部脂质过氧化反应和活性氧水平, 对脊髓损伤有潜在的保护与治疗作用。