燃煤电厂烟气中Hg的生成、治理、测试及排放特征研究

燃煤电厂是大气Hg排放的主要来源之一，基于文献调研，分析了燃煤电厂烟气中Hg的来源及生成、燃烧后现有设备协同脱Hg技术和吸附剂喷射脱Hg技术、主要离线测试方法、超低排放实施前后燃煤电厂烟气Hg排放特征等，指出燃煤电厂实施更严格的烟气Hg排放控制是非常有必要的，且改性活性炭、改性飞灰喷射脱Hg技术将是未来应对更严格Hg排放限值的主流技术。研究结果可为燃煤电厂烟气Hg排放控制提供参考。     

燃煤电厂超低排放湿法脱硫治霾影响分析

根据燃煤电厂湿法脱硫出口污染物排放浓度及其排放绩效,分析了超低排放湿法脱硫的治霾效果,阐明了湿法脱硫有利于减少SO₂、颗粒物、SO₃的排放量,这些污染物都是形成雾霾的前体物,表明超低排放湿法脱硫对雾霾治理有积极的贡献。同时,烟气超低排放具有协同治理有色烟羽的能力,对于有色烟羽治理应采取因地制宜的策略。煤电行业广泛开展烟气超低排放改造后,大气污染物排放量持续减少,空气环境质量逐年改善,湿法脱硫、烟气超低排放功不可没。     

燃煤电厂脱硫技术机理分析

SO2的排放直接影响到环境,危害人类的健康,而燃煤电厂的SO2排放量一直是我国大气污染的主要来源,因此,对燃煤电厂进行脱硫意义重大。本文首先对燃煤电厂烟气脱硫的现状进行了概述,对燃煤电厂脱硫技术尤其是石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫技术进行了详细探讨,对烟气脱硫技术发展中应注意的问题提出了一些看法,最后对烟气脱硫技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

电站燃煤锅炉烟气污染物超低排放技术

近年来,随着着社会和经济的飞速发展,人们对电力的需求量日渐增加,但越来越严重的环境问题促使国家颁布了许多政策,以降低电站燃煤锅炉烟气污染物的排放值。该文将从资源、资金、管理方面分析我国燃煤锅炉烟气污染物超低排放现状,并提出合理化建议,以供参考。旨在保护环境,实现人与自然的和谐发展。     

特大型垃圾电站七级烟气净化工艺的研发与应用

<正>一、成果研究背景垃圾电站烟气污染物排放控制，实现最严格环保标准的超低排放，是垃圾电站一项十分重要的任务。对于烟气中的酸性气体污染物的脱除，是行业减排技术研发的重点。随着垃圾焚烧烟气污染物的排放标准日趋严格，需研究烟气处理工艺技术和设备愈发先进可靠、设计冗余度提高、工艺环节增多的烟气净化串联组合工艺，     

燃煤电厂SCR烟气脱硝技术及应用研究

随着国家对环保的要求提升,燃煤电厂的超低排放改造成为了必要的工作.燃煤电厂的烟气中含有大量氮氧化物,需要进行脱硝处理以保护大气环境.目前国际国内的电厂大部分采用了SCR脱硝技术,达到了较好的脱硝效率.本文就SCR脱硝技术的现状、技术原理、工艺流程、安装布放以及未来的发展进行分析.     

燃煤发电系统能源高效清洁利用的基础研究综述

能源在现代社会经济发展中的作用日益显著,我国的资源特性决定了燃煤发电将长期在我国能源体系中占据主导地位。大容量、高参数的燃煤发电系统是实现煤炭能源高效清洁利用最可行的技术途径之一,是确保国家电力供应的最主要方式。针对我国燃煤发电系统在能源结构变化及参数提高背景下面临的理论和技术双重需求,总结了高参数燃煤发电机组在关键单元、过程和系统耦合方面高效、清洁运行的新理论和新方法的研究进展,使燃煤发电机组能够在高效热功转换的同时实现污染物超低排放。     

燃煤电站烟气污染物深度脱除技术的分析

近年来雾霾天气的频繁出现使得细颗粒物(PM2.5)成为了公众关注的热点,PM2.5的控制也已增加到2012年发布的《环境空气质量标准》中,而目前我国现有的烟气污染物控制技术难以脱除PM2.5,因此,为深度脱除PM2.5、SO2、SO3以及重金属等烟气污染物,开发燃煤电站烟气污染物深度脱除技术(深度脱除技术)成为亟待解决的问题。本文系统分析了开发适用于我国燃煤电站的深度脱除技术的必要性以及存在的问题,重点分析研究了PM2.5脱除技术、全负荷下超超临界锅炉的低NOx排放以及SCR工作温度的适应性。最后,以某电厂2×660 MW超临界机组为例,介绍了烟气污染物深度脱除系统方案,以此为基础,分析提出了1 000 MW超超临界机组烟气污染物深度脱除的技术路线。     

烟气净化技术在电力行业中的应用前景分析

中国能源结构以煤为主,电煤消耗约占全国煤炭产量的一半以上,为煤烟型大气污染及碳排放的主体,"十一五"期间,我国燃煤电厂大气污染控制技术取得了较大突破,并在烟尘、NOx控制等方面采取了更为严格的措施。"十二五"时期,电力行业大气污染控制将在源头控制和末端治理上加大控制力度,强化技术引导,依然为我国节能降耗和污染物减排的重点领域。     

湿法脱硫烟气中霾的分析及解决途径

已有研究表明,燃煤湿法脱硫后烟气水气含盐排放是造成我国雾霾大面积高强度发生的原因之一。文中分析了燃煤烟气湿法脱硫存在的问题;介绍了“脱白”及有色烟羽治理技术的现状,指出有必要从投资成本、运行成本和排放指标等多方面详细客观地评价烟气水气“脱白”的效果;建议进行燃煤烟气污染物干式高效脱除技术研发,经济可行地减少燃煤烟气水气及含盐的排放,从而降低雾霾的产生。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...