氧化物与氟化物的加入对氯化物熔盐体系电解制备Mg-La合金的影响

以石墨坩埚为阳极,钨棒为阴极,在750℃的MgCl2-LaCl3-KCl熔盐体系中,采用恒电位电解制备Mg—La合金。研究氧化物和氟化物的加入对电解的影响,通过XRD对部分Mg-La合金产物和电解渣进行表征。随着MgO或La203在熔盐电解质中加入量的增加,电流效率和所得合金产物的质量都减小,表明MgO和La203参与电解质中的反应。在加入的氧化物质量相同的情况下,MgO与La2O3相比对电流效率和合金产物质量的影响更明显。XRD研究结果表明：MgO或La2O3加入到熔盐电解质中后,有LaOCl生成,LaOCl电解渣的生成是氧化物对电解消极影响的主要原因。在本实验的的熔盐体系中,CaF2的加入对消除MgO的负面影响没有积极意义,这可能和镧化合物在熔盐电解质中的复杂反应有关。     

An electrochemical method for the preparation of Mg–Li alloys at low temperature molten salt system

Mg–Li alloys have been prepared by electrolysis in a molten salt electrolyte of 50% LiCl–50% KCl (mass%) at low temperature of 420–510 °C. The effects of electrolytic temperature and cathodic current density on alloy formation rate and current efficiency were studied. For the deposition of metallic lithium on the cathode consisting of solid Mg and liquid Mg–Li, both electrolytic temperature and cathodic current density have no obvious influence on current efficiency; while for the deposition of metallic lithium on the solid magnesium cathode, both electrolytic temperature and cathodic current density greatly affect alloy formation rate and current efficiency. The optimum electrolysis condition is—molten salt mixture, LiCl:KCl = 1:1 (mass%), electrolytic temperature: 480 °C, cathode current density: 1.13 A cm⁻². Mg–Li alloys with low lithium content (about 25 wt% Li) were prepared via electrolysis at low temperature following by thermal treatment at higher temperature.     

Electrodeposition and properties of an iron-tungsten alloy

Iron-tungsten alloys were obtained from citrate electrolytes. The relation between Fe(II) and Fe(III), which permits maintaining the stability of an electrolyte as well as obtaining high-quality deposits for a long time, is revealed. The results of investigations show that the discharge of iron ions takes place from the three valent ions. It is found that the concentration of sodium tungstate in the electrolyte contributes to the codeposition of tungsten, increasing its ratio in the alloy. It is established that the current efficiency and composition of iron-tungsten coatings depend on the current density and the conditions of electrolysis. The microhardness of iron-tungsten deposits increases with an increase in the deposition temperature and depends on the tungsten content in the alloy. Investigations with an electron microscope have shown that, on the alloy surface, superficial inhomogeneous films with the content of tungsten and oxygen different from that in the deposit are formed. The obtained alloys have concentration and structure inhomogeneities.     

Electrolytic preparation of Al-Ca master alloy on liquid Al cathode

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｓａｎｅｗｌｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇｓｕｐｅｒ ｐｌａｓｔｉｃａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍａｌｌｏｙ ,Ａｌ Ｃａａｌｌｏｙｈａｓｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｇｏｏｄｐｌａｓｔｉｃｉｔｙ ,ｂｕｔａｌ ｓｏｇｏｏｄｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙ ,ｇｏｏｄｗｅｌｄｉｎｇｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙａｎｄｓｔｒｏｎｇｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅｏｆｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎａｆｔｅｒｂｅｉｎｇｆｏｒｍｅｄ .Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ ,ａｌｏｔｏｆｍｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇｉｃａｌｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｈａｖｅｄｅｖｏｔ ｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａ…     

Preparation and Characterization of CuFe Alloy Ribbons

首先采用高频感应熔炼法制备不同Fe含量的CuFe母合金,在对其组织与性能研究基础上采用单辊快速凝固甩带法制备了合金CuFe合金薄带,对不同成分的CuFe合金薄带相结构、组织进行分析表征。结果表明,Fe 含量在2%~10% (质量分数) 的范围内,随着Fe含量增加,合金的微观组织中富Fe枝晶数量增多且发生粗化。CuFe母合金的电导率随Fe含量增加逐渐降低,而硬度随之增大。Fe含量为 8%的 CuFe 合金组织中 Cu 基体的显微硬度较高。CuFe合金薄带组织中晶粒非常细小,从辊面到自由面由于凝固速度的差异,合金薄带组织中晶粒逐渐变粗。对 CuFe合金薄带进行XRD分析,未发现Fe的衍射峰,仅有Cu的衍射峰;同时发现随着Fe含量的增加,Cu的衍射峰逐渐降低并且变宽,并向低角度偏移,同时Cu (220)点阵常数增大,结合Cu-6.0%Fe的SEM分析,表明Fe固溶入Cu中,形成了CuFe固溶体     

AZ31与NZ30K合金作为镁电池负极材料的电化学性能

采用恒温浸泡、交流阻抗和极化曲线法分别研究铸态(F)和固溶态(T4)的NZ30K以及挤压态AZ31镁合金在不同浓度MgCl2、MgSO4、Mg(COOCH3)2、MgBr2溶液中的腐蚀行为和电化学性能.结果表明随着电解液中电解质浓度的增加,3种镁合金的自腐蚀速率均增大.F态和T4态的NZ30K合金在MgSO4溶液中腐蚀速率最快,在MgBr2溶液中耐蚀性能最好,而AZ31合金在MgCl2溶液中耐蚀性能最差,在MgSO4和Mg(COOCH3)2中具有较好的耐蚀性能.电化学阻抗谱(EIS)结果表明在4种电解液中,镁合金的高频端容抗环半径均随着电解质浓度的增加而减小,这与恒温浸泡的实验结果相吻合.     

航空用TA18管材加工工艺研究

通过选用不同成分配比的TA18管材,对其进行轧制,在不同变形量、不同退火温度下,研究其成分、变形量、退火温度与力性之间的关系,得出了不同成分与力性的关系、不同变形量与力性的关系曲线、不同退火温度与力性的关系曲线,发现其成分中V,Al含量的变化对力性会产生不同的影响,Al对强度的提高和塑性的下降影响较大;当化学成分(质量分数,%)在一定的范围(Al:2.8～3.2,V:2.30～2.70,O:0.07～0.09)时,利用基本相同变形量(50%～70%),且变形时Q≤1.14时,采取两种不同的退火制度(380～580℃,650～750℃),可以得到满足现有美标及军标标准要求的强度级别的TA18管材。     

CoCrFeNi高熵合金在金属氧化物熔盐电脱氧中的形成过程

在1173 K下将金属氧化物在CaCl₂熔盐中进行电脱氧,制备了CoCrFeNi高熵合金。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散X射线能谱（EDS）研究了不同电解时间下金属氧化物转化为高熵合金的相变过程。结果表明,CoCrFeNi高熵合金的形成过程包括快速脱氧和深度脱氧2个阶段。在快速脱氧阶段,在1 h内去除了烧结氧化物球团中93.93%（质量分数）的氧,电流效率达到89.95%。电解结束后,产物的氧含量可达0.26%（质量分数）,电流效率为17.93%。该高熵合金的形成过程可用于指导建立低成本、高效率的电化学路线。     

Preparation of Master Alloy Cu－Sr by Molten Salt Electrolysis with Copper Consumable Cathode

ＰｒｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆＭａｓｔｅｒＡｌｌｏｙＣｕ－ＳｒｂｙＭｏｌｔｅｎＳａｌｔＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｓｉｓｗｉｔｈＣｏｐｐｅｒＣｏｎｓｕｍａｂｌｅＣａｔｈｏｄｅＹｕＺｈｏｎｇｘｉｎｇ；ＬｕＱｉｎｇｔａｏａｎｄＣｈｅｎＳｈｉｇｕａｎ（余仲兴）（陆庆桃）...     

电解液浓度对AT61、AP65镁合金阳极电化学性能的影响

采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱测试仪、电化学测试仪和电池测试仪等检测技术,分析了轧制退火态AT61(Mg-6%Al-1%Sn)和AP65(Mg-6%Al-5%Pb)镁合金阳极的成分,研究了质量分数分别为3.5%和7.0%NaCl电解液对这两种镁合金阳极电化学性能的影响。结果表明:经430 ℃×16 h均匀化热处理后,轧制退火态AT61和AP65镁合金中Mg₁₇Al₁₂相扩散于基体中;相对3.5%NaCl电解液,两种镁合金阳极在7.0%NaCl电解液中放电性能得到很大提升,同时镁合金-空气电池的放电稳定性得到增强。     

Electrodeposition of lead–tin alloy from methanesulphonate bath containing organic surfactants

The article discusses the process of electrodeposition of lead-tin alloy (tin content in the deposit up to 10–12 wt %) from methanesulfonate electrolytes. A composition was proposed of organic additives to the electrolyte providing attainment of high quality microcrystalline coatings with the alloy of predetermined composition at relatively low content of Sn²⁺ in the solution. It has been shown that the tin content in the deposit increases at an increase in current density and decrease in the electrolyte temperature. For production of anti-frictional Pb-Sn alloys with the tin content of about 10% the electrolysis should be performed at a current density of about 4 A/dm² and the temperature not exceeding 25°C. The effect of a decrease in the discharge rate of the Sn²⁺ ions into the alloy at deposition from electrolyte without organic additives was discovered, that is stipulated by deceleration of crystallization stage of tin on foreign substrate. When the alloy is deposited from electrolyte containing a composition of organic additives, the effect of super-polarization of discharge of Sn²⁺ ions is reduced.     

Pb(Ⅱ)在LiCl-KCl-MgCl_2-PbCl_2熔盐体系中的电化学行为(英文)

在LiCl-KCl-PbCl2-MgCl2熔盐体系中借助循环伏安和计时电位技术对Pb(Ⅱ)的电化学行为以及Pb、Mg、Li的共沉积过程进行探讨,用不同的方法测算得到铅离子在熔盐中的扩散系数。循环伏安和计时电位的研究结果均表明,Li在先析出的Pb上发生欠电位沉积,生成液态的Li-Pb合金,而在熔盐中加入MgCl2后,会有相应的Mg-Li-Pb合金生成。用恒电流密度(6.21A/cm2)电解2h制备Mg-Li-Pb合金,并运用XRD对所得合金进行分析测试。结果表明,在Mg-Li-Pb合金中存在β-Li、PbLi3、Mg2Pb等合金相,并可以通过控制熔盐中PbCl2和MgCl2的浓度来改变合金相的组成。     

铁锰二元合金耐液锌腐蚀机理

研究了四种不同Mn含量的铁锰二元合金在450℃液锌中的腐蚀行为,探讨了Mn对铁锌反应的影响规律。结果表明,铁锰二元合金在液锌中的腐蚀属于溶解性腐蚀。随着锰含量的增加,腐蚀速率有较大变化。含锰量为10wt%的合金,其腐蚀速率为5.79×10-3g.cm-2.h-1,含锰量为15wt%的合金,其腐蚀速率为3.64×10-2.gcm-2.h-1。锰含量为10wt%时,腐蚀产物由致密的δ相层和块状的ζ相层组成,致密的较厚的δ相层的存在,降低了铁锌反应速率,合金表现出较好的耐液锌腐蚀能力,而锰含量为15wt%时,腐蚀产物由大量疏松的颗粒状ζ相分布在液锌相中组成,疏松的组织恶化了合金的耐液锌腐蚀能力。     

Melting characteristics of magnesium—lithium alloys

Mg-Li-Al alloys containing 4–14 wt% Li and 1.5 wt% Al have been prepared by melting Mg/Mg-Al master alloy and Li separately under MgCl2 + KCl + MgO + CaF₂ and LiCl + LiF flux covers, respectively, and mixing the two together. The observed lithium loss and the pick-up of impurity elements in the melt have been correlated with various physico-chemical phenomena occurring during melting. The effect of holding time on melt composition was also examined. The results indicate that it is possible to control the alloy composition within specified limits by the selection of proper melting fluxes and crucible materials and by restricting the holding time to the minimum possible. These findings suggest that flux-cover melting is a viable route for the production of sound cast ingots of highly reactive magnesium—lithium alloys.     

Preparation of Al-Sr Master Alloy in Aluminum Electrolysis Cell

1 ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｌ Ｓｒｍａｓｔｅｒａｌｌｏｙｉｓａｋｉｎｄｏｆｍｏｄｉ ｆｉｅｒｓｕｎｄｅｒｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ .Ｉｔｈａｓｍａｎｙａｄ ｖａｎｔａｇｅｓｏｖｅｒｏｔｈｅｒｍｏｄｉｆｉｅｒｓ .Ｉｔｓｍｏｄｉｆｙｉｎｇｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｃａｎｌａｓｔｆｉｖｅｔｏｓｅｖｅｎｈｏｕｒｓａｎｄｆｏｒｓｅｖｅｒａｌｔｉｍｅｓ ,ａｎｄｌｉｔｔｌｅｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｉｓｏｂ ｓｅｒｖｅｄｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｍｏｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｃｏｕｒｓｅ[1 ].Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ ,ｉｔｉｓｃｏｍｍｏｎｌｙｕｓｅｄｉ…     

Effect of current density on composition and structure of electrodeposited Au–Ni alloy coatings

Abstract

The effect of current density on composition and structure of galvanic Au–Ni alloy coatings electrodeposited from weakly acidic additive free electrolyte was investigated. At low current density (up to ～10 mA cm^?2), light yellow coloured alloys enriched with Au are deposited. At higher current density the Ni content is abruptly increased and the coatings become coarse and dark. Deposits with an average content of Ni up to ～50 at-% were obtained. Only a small amount of Ni (up to 20 at-%) takes part in the formation of non-equilibrium super saturated Au–Ni solid solution. The remainder of the Ni is deposited in the interglobular space as an amorphous Ni oxide–hydroxide or as Ni bearing hydroxide salts. Besides Ni, the alloy coatings contain C, N, O, K and H.     

铝含量和退火温度对锆铝合金相组成和力学性能的影响

利用非自耗电弧炉熔炼了Al含量为6.0%,7.0%,8.0%(质量分数)的锆铝二元合金,通过退火过程中的包析反应得到了不同相组成的Zr3Al基合金,借助光学显微镜、XRD分析研究了合金的金相组织和相组成,进行了显微硬度测定和拉伸试验。结果表明:铸态的锆铝合金显微硬度随着铝含量的增加而增大;退火可得到组织均匀的Zr3Al基合金,其显微硬度和抗拉强度主要与相组成和基体晶粒大小有关,而与第二相的形态无关;合金的显微硬度、抗拉强度随着Zr3Al相的增多而增大,延伸率随着Zr3Al相的增多而减小;合金的显微硬度、抗拉强度和延伸率随着Zr3Al晶粒的细化而不同程度地增大。     

CeCl3对含Ce镁合金精炼过程中Ce损耗量的影响

采用含CeCl3的净化熔剂对含Ce的镁合金进行精炼,研究了CeCl3对合金中Ce损耗量的影响规律.结果表明:当熔剂中不含CeCl3时,合金中的Ce损失高达27.7%;而当CeCl3的含量达到15%时,合金中的Ce损失仅为4.5%,CeCl3处理使镁合金中稀土相均匀分布,使Mg17Al12相细化,但相组成没有明显变化;随着CeCl3含量的增加,合金力学性能提高,但过多的CeCl3会在合金中引入熔剂夹杂.并从热力学方面探讨了熔剂与镁液的作用机理,计算了镁熔体中Mg和Ce的活度及熔剂熔体中MgCl2和CeCl3的活度.结果表明,由于CeCl3抑制了合金中Ce与熔剂中MgCl2的反应,从而降低了Ce的损耗.     

Mg-La和Mg-Nd二元合金相稳定性的第一原理研究

La和Nd是镁合金中常用的稀土添加元素,为了帮助理解它们在Mg合金中的强化机制,应用第一原理计算方法,研究了Mg-La和Mg-Nd二元合金的相稳定性.计算结果表明,Mg-La和Mg-Nd合金在Mg₁₂RE和Mg₃RE之间的平衡相分别为Mg₁₇La₂和Mg₄₁Nd₅;La和Nd在Mg中的溶解度大小差别较大,表明者在镁合金中产生强化的机理不同;Mg₃Nd具有比Mg₁₂La更大的弹性模量,因而具有更好的强化效果.     

Ni-Co alloy coatings obtained from methanesulfonate electrolytes

It is found that codeposition of nickel and cobalt with alloy formation from methanesulfonate electrolyte occurs with predominant cobalt deposition. The crystalline alloy structure is considerably distorted as compared to pure alloy-forming metals. It is shown that a significant effect on the structure and properties of nickel-cobalt deposits is produced, apart from the alloy composition, by the current density of coating deposition. Comparison of dependences of the alloy composition on current density for methanesulfonate and sulfate electrolytes indicates a smaller change in the content of components in deposits obtained from methanesulfonate electrolyte. The observed small deviations from the constant value of the composition of the Ni-Co alloy deposited from methanesulfonate electrolyte in the current density range of 1–7 A/dm² together with large microhardness values characteristic for these coatings point to extensive prospects of application of methanesulfonate electrolytes for deposition of nickel-cobalt alloys.