The dependences of phase structure and notch impact strength on conditions of mixing have been compared for the binary blend PP/EPDM and for two ternary blends PP/EPDM/PE possessing different viscosities of polyethylene. At low rates and short times of mixing a phase structure with pronounced inhomogeneities (particles of the dispersed phase having diameters of tens μm) is formed in all blends. Conditions of mixing needed for the formation of a homogeneous phase structure (with particles having diameters of several μm) depend on the average viscosity of the components forming the inclusions (EPDM elastomer or EPDM elastomer/polyethylene). Depending on the conditions of mixing and on the rheological properties of components, substitution of one part of the EPDM elastomer with PE may lead to an increase or decrease in the impact strength of the final blend. 相似文献
Plastic foams with nano/micro‐scale cellular structures were prepared from poly(propylene)/thermoplastic polystyrene elastomer (PP/TPS) systems, specifically the copolymer blends PP/hydrogenated polystyrene‐block‐polybutadiene‐block‐polystyrene rubber and PP/hydrogenated polystyrene‐block‐polyisoprene‐block‐polystyrene. These PP/TPS systems have the unique characteristic that the elastomer domain can be highly dispersed and oriented in the machine direction by changing the draw‐down ratio in the extrusion process. A temperature‐quench batch physical foaming method was used to foam these two systems with CO2. The cell size and location were highly controlled in the dispersed elastomer domains by exploiting the differences in CO2 solubility, diffusivity, and viscoelasticity between the elastomer domains and the PP matrix. The average cell diameter of the PP/TPS blend foams was controlled to be 200–400 nm on the finest level by manipulating the PP/rubber ratio, the draw‐down ratio of extrusion and the foaming temperature. Furthermore, the cellular structure could be highly oriented in one direction by using the highly‐oriented elastomer domains in the polymer blend morphology as a template for foaming.
The linear viscoelastic properties of two types of olefinic thermoplastic elastomer blends were studied using dynamic rheology. The first type consists of a blend of PP, SEBS and oil and has a co-continuous morphology. The second type consists of vulcanised EPDM particles dispersed in a PP matrix. The dynamic rheological behaviour of the blends is a weighted contribution of the properties of the two individual phases. In both blend types, the storage modulus at low frequencies can be correlated to the properties and morphology of the elastomer phase. With increasing PP or oil content in the blend the value of the modulus at low frequencies are reduced. The mechanical models of Coran and Veenstra are able to describe the dynamic moduli. An additional parameter was included to determine the oil concentration in the two phases. The model parameters are correlated to the composition and the morphology. 相似文献
Blends of polypropylene (PP) and thermoplastic rubber (TR) have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (d.s.c.). For blends with PP as the dispersed phase, a multiple crystallization behaviour was observed; two low-temperature crystallization exotherms at about 75° and 45°C were found in addition to the amount PP crystallization exotherm at about 106°C. The occurrence of the crystallization exotherm at 75°C was explained by a homogeneous nucleation mechanism. It is shown that this multiple crystallization behaviour can be utilized in assessing the morphology of the blends, such as the type of the dispersion (phase continuity) and the degree of the dispersion (PP particle size). The d.s.c. approach is not necessarily restricted to PP/TR blend systems, but can also be applied to other blend systems. 相似文献
This paper reports the effect of nanosilica (SiO2) on the morphology of co-continuous immiscible polypropylene (PP)/polyolefin elastomer (POE) blends. The unfilled blends display phase inversion and a co-continuous structure at a ratio of 50/50 PP/POE by weight. Upon addition of SiO2 in the presence of maleated PP compatibilizer a finer structure, consisting of elongated POE particles dispersed within the PP phase is obtained. This transformation is associated to the presence of finely dispersed SiO2 particles that are localized exclusively within the PP matrix. The impact properties, flexural and Young's moduli of the blends increase significantly, pointing to a synergistic effect arising from the presence of the reinforced PP phase, containing high amounts of the finely dispersed elastomeric phase. 相似文献
Batch foaming processes were employed to prepare plastic foams from polypropylene (PP)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) blends. Various amounts of PDMS were added to a PP matrix, and the resulting blends were batch foamed at different saturation pressures using carbon dioxide (CO2) as the blowing agent. Ultimately, the blend foams exhibited better cell morphologies and higher cell densities in comparison with those prepared from PP alone. The increased solubility of CO2 in PDMS made it as a CO2 reservoir to induce more nucleation. When the PDMS content exceeded a certain level, however, it exerted a negative influence on cell density. Moreover, as the saturation pressure was raised, the cell density of the blend foams increased significantly. It was also noted that the addition of PDMS to the PP matrix generated some very small cells in the larger cell walls. 相似文献
Room temperature Izod impact strength was determined for polypropylene (PP)/ethylene-co-octene elastomer (EOR) blends and nanocomposites, containing organoclays based on montmorillonite (MMT), at fixed elastomer content of 30 wt% and 0-7 wt% MMT. A ratio of maleated polypropylene, PP-g-MA to organoclay of unity was used as a compatibilizer in the nanocomposites. The organoclay serves to reduce the size of the EOR dispersed phase particles and facilitates toughening. The Izod impact strength is also influenced by the molecular weight of PP, elastomer octene content, elastomer MFI in addition to MMT content. Nanocomposites based on a low molecular weight polypropylene (L-PP) containing a higher octene content elastomer showed higher impact strength at lower MMT contents compared to those based on a low octene content elastomer. The effect of elastomer octene content on impact strength of high molecular weight polypropylene (H-PP) nanocomposites is not so significant. Elastomers having a melt flow index (MFI) in the range of 0.5-1.0 showed significant improvement in the impact strength of L-PP based nanocomposites. Most H-PP/EOR blends gave ‘super-tough’ materials without MMT and maintain this toughness in the presence of MMT. The critical elastomer particle size below which the toughness is observed is reduced by decreasing the octene content of the elastomer. For the similar elastomer particle sizes in nanocomposites, the impact strength varies as H-PP > M-PP > L-PP. The tensile modulus and yield strength improved with increasing MMT content; however, elongation at break was reduced. The extruder-made TPO showed a good-balance of properties in the presence of MMT compared to reactor-made TPO having similar modulus and elastomer content. 相似文献