磁回旋材料柱结构光子晶体平板的单向边界模式

研究了在外加恒定磁场下,旋磁材料柱按蜂窝状晶格排列的光子晶体平板的边界所支持的电磁表面波模式。研究首先表明,在光子晶体平板的光子能带结构中,最低二条能量曲线原有的简并点,可以用外加磁场来解除,从而在这二个能带之间形成一个禁带。进一步的研究表明,基于这个光子禁带,光子晶体板平板边界所支持的表面波模式只能单方向传播,归因于系统的时间反演对称性被外磁场所破坏。这个三维系统中的单向边界模式,在平板的法向方向上,是依赖于等效全反射效应而被约束的。     

Chasi-Guided Modes and Related Radiation Losses in Optical Dielectric Waveguides with External Higher Index Surroundings

Mode filter actions are found theoretically in an optical dielectric waveguide consisting of a core and a thin cladding layer which is further surrounded by an external higher index region. The propagating waves, which are usually considered to be cutoff modes, can be guided with a small amount of loss under a certain condition. These waves are defined here as quasi-guided modes. These modes tend to the guided modes of the guide when the cladding thickness increases infinitely. A method is given to estimate the losses. As an example, the radiation losses are formulated for a symmetric slab waveguide, and are found to be approximately proportional to the cube of the mode number of the quasi-guided mode. Therefore, losses of the quasi-guided modes depend strongly on the mode number. It is suggested that fibers with large core diameters can be used as quasi-single mode fibers by covering the clad-type multimode fibers with external higher index surroundings and choosing the parameters properly.     

AlGaAs-based two-dimensional photonic crystal slab with defectwaveguides for planar lightwave circuit applications

An AlGaAs-based near-infrared 2-D photonic crystal (PC) with an air-bridge structure featuring defect waveguides has been developed. For the sample without defect waveguides, measurements of the optical transmission characteristics in the wavelength range from 850 nm to 1100 nm showed a deep attenuation due to a bandgap with 30-35 dB attenuation and transmittance of nearly 100% for the guided modes. Optical propagation properties of defect waveguides were obtained by two methods: measurements of transmission spectra and plan-view observations of the optical beam trace along the waveguide with an infrared-vidicon camera. 3-D finite-difference time-domain simulations for the band structure and transmission spectra in the air-bridge slab with and without defect waveguides have revealed the appearance of four defect propagation modes specific to the defect waveguide, between two slab modes for the defect-free photonic crystal slab. These defect modes were experimentally identified in the measured transmission spectra     

混合柱形二维光子晶体禁带特性研究

研究了正方形和圆形介质柱混合排列的二维光子晶体的能带特性.运用平面波展开法在正方形和正三角形晶格下将混合柱形与统一柱形光子晶体的禁带特性进行计算比较.仿真结果表明:对于正方形晶格,混合柱形使光子晶体的TM模高阶能带向低频方向移动,禁带的宽度和位置介于正方形柱体和圆形柱体之间.在正三角形晶格中,混合柱形光子晶体出现了明显...     

Investigation of Infrared Photonic Crystal Slab with Defect Waveguides

This paper deals with the two dimensional (2-D) infrared photonic crystal slab with an air-bridge structure featuring defect waveguides in which the optical propagation properties were obtained by measurements of transmission spectra. 3-D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations have revealed the appearance of four defect propagation modes for the band structure and transmission spectra in the air-bridge slab. These defect modes were experimentally identified in the measured transmission spectra.     

Single-mode operation of two-dimensional photonic crystal laser with central post

Two-dimensional slab photonic crystal lasers with central posts are realized. In this structure, those modes with antinode at the center are suppressed by the presence of the central post. From a five-lattice-long photonic crystal cavity, single-mode operation is experimentally observed. Thermal characteristics are drastically improved in comparison to those of the free-standing slab structure.     

Out-of-plane scattering in photonic crystal slabs

Photonic crystal slabs combine a slab waveguide with an in-plane photonic crystal. Light is then confined in-plane by the photonic crystal and out-of-plane by the slab waveguide. The etched structures will cause light to scatter out of the waveguide plane. We studied the out-of-plane scattering losses using a two-dimensional approximation of this three-dimensional structure, with etched slots instead of holes. Our simulation techniques include mode expansion with perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary conditions. We show that the losses increase with higher index contrast, but that with very high-index contrasts light can be coupled into lossless Bloch modes     

等离子体填充二维金属光子晶体色散特性研究

 提出了等离子体填充的二维金属光子晶体模型,采用时域有限差分法研究了等离子体填充的二维正方晶格和三角晶格金属光子晶体的色散和带隙特性.对比分析了两种结构中等离子体密度对TM及TE模式传播特性的影响规律.研究发现,由于背景等离子体的引入,二维金属光子晶体的色散曲线明显往高频方向移动,等离子体密度的改变可同时控制TE和TM模的带隙位置和禁带宽度.这些特性使得二维等离子体金属光子晶体在设计可调谐光子晶体器件方面具有潜在的应用价值.     

Out-of-plane losses of line-defect photonic crystal waveguides

A numerical model is presented for computing the out-of-plane losses of a general class of two-dimensional photonic crystals superimposed. onto a slab confinement structure. The usefulness of this model is demonstrated by calculating the propagation loss of a single-row-defect waveguide composed of hexagonal air holes etched into two different slab structures. The results are interpreted in terms of a simple coupled-mode-theory picture in which loss is due to resonant coupling between the fundamental and certain radiative slab modes. These calculations show that low-loss photonic crystal waveguides should be possible by carefully designing the slab waveguide     

平板型光子晶体液晶微谐振腔的温度特性

在二维光子晶体薄板的中心空气孔中填充厚度与光波长相当的液晶材料,形成平板型光子晶体液晶微谐振腔结构。用时域有限差分法研究了液晶微谐振腔的温度特性,并用Matlab编程进行了数值计算。计算结果表明,由于液晶折射率是温度的函数以及微腔对光波传输的约束,当温度升高时微谐振腔的透射峰波长向长波长方向移动,透射峰半高宽度减小,品质因子增大,谐振波长和品质因子随填充因子与平板厚度的变化曲线向增大方向移动,接近液晶相变点时微腔的温度特性变化更迅速。平板型光子晶体液晶微谐振腔的温度特性,为可调光子晶体器件的设计提供了理论基础。     

Light propagation characteristics of straight single-line-defectwaveguides in photonic crystal slabs fabricated into asilicon-on-insulator substrate

Straight single-line defect optical waveguides in photonic crystal slabs are designed by the finite difference time-domain method and fabricated into a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. By employing an airbridge structure, clear light propagation for both polarizations is observed without any leakage along the waveguide. This experimental result is well explained by photonic bands of pure guided modes. Minimum propagation loss is estimated to be 11 dB/mm. This value is lower than that reported so far for three-line-defect waveguides with an SOI slab structure and almost comparable to that for an index confinement waveguide with a rectangular Si core. This propagation loss is dominated by the scattering loss by some irregularities. However, photonic crystal waveguides have the possibility of an essential lower scattering loss than in the index confinement waveguide because of the inhibition of radiation modes by the photonic bandgap     

光子晶体结构对量子阱红外探测器光吸收增强效应的研究

针对量子阱红外探测器(QWIP)光吸收效率较低 的问题,研究了基于光子晶体的耦合结构对 QWIP光吸收效率的增强效应。通过建立吸收效率计算模型并使用有限元方法,研究了光子晶 体结构中谐 振模式的光场分布,以及光子晶体结构参数对QWIP吸收效率的影响规律。通过综合优化,利 用光子晶体的谐振增强效应,理论上可以获得约88%的QWIP光吸收效 率。     

Properties of the slab modes in photonic crystal optical waveguides

We show that by placing a slab of semiconductor material between two photonic bandgap (PBG) mirrors, waveguide modes at frequencies out of the PBG can be obtained. These modes are similar to the modes of a conventional dielectric slab waveguide. Using these modes, we can obtain very good coupling between a PBG waveguide and a dielectric slab waveguide with similar slab properties. We discuss the properties of these slab modes and outline the guideline for the optimization of the PBG waveguides based on these properties     

新型正方晶格基横模光子晶体面发射激光器

高功率基横模垂直腔面发射激光器（VCSEL）在光通信、传感、原子频标和光电混合集成等领域有着重要的应用,将光子晶体结构引入到VCSEL中,通过设计结构尺寸和分布,可以有效控制VCSEL的横向模式。课题组将正方形排列的光子晶体结构引入到VCSEL中,实现对VCSEL的横向模式和基横模出光功率控制,获得高基横模出光功率器件。通过采用平面波展开法（PWE）和全矢量三维时域有限差分方法（FDTD）对正方晶格结构光子晶体的合理设计,获得正方形排布光子晶体周期、占空比和刻蚀深度等重要参数。成功地制备出基横模出光功率大于3 mW,边模抑制比大于40 dB的正方晶格光子晶体VCSEL。     

Finite-difference time-domain calculation of the spontaneousemission coupling factor in optical microcavities

We present a general method for the β factor calculation in optical microcavities. The analysis is based on the classical model for atomic transitions in a semiconductor active medium. The finite-difference time-domain method is used to evolve the electromagnetic fields of the system and calculate the total radiated energy, as well as the energy radiated into the mode of interest. We analyze the microdisk laser and compare our result with the previous theoretical and experimental analyses. We also calculate the β factor of the microcavity based on a two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal in an optically thin dielectric slab. From the β calculations, we are able to estimate the coupling to radiation modes in both the microdisk and the 2-D photonic crystal cavity, thereby showing the effectiveness of the photonic crystal in suppressing in-plane radiation modes     

光子晶体薄板波导导模的固有损耗特性研究

利用波导模展开法计算了强介质比光子晶体薄板波导中的固有损耗。在导模高群速度的频段中,辐射损耗随着晶体中空气比的增加而增加,随着波导宽度的增加或薄板厚度的增加而减小,而且可以计算得到在靠近模式色散中微小带隙处的损耗与复频率的关系,计算得到的损耗与si薄板中所测的结果十分吻合。     

Design and fabrication of silicon photonic crystal optical waveguides

We have designed and fabricated waveguides that incorporate two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal geometry for lateral confinement of light, and total internal reflection for vertical confinement. Both square and triangular photonic crystal lattices were analyzed. A three-dimensional (3-D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis was used to find design parameters of the photonic crystal and to calculate dispersion relations for the guided modes in the waveguide structure. We have developed a new fabrication technique to define these waveguides into silicon-on-insulator material. The waveguides are suspended in air in order to improve confinement in the vertical direction and symmetry properties of the structure. High-resolution fabrication allowed us to include different types of bends and optical cavities within the waveguides.     

正方形PCF的模式特性及其光栅反射谱特性

利用有限元法分析了包层结构为圆形空气孔呈正方形对称排列的光子晶体光纤(PCF)的有效传输模式,并仿真解析出各波长下有效传输模的有效折射率及变化规律。结合模耦合理论和传输矩阵法,对基于PCF的Bragg光栅(PCFBG)的反射谱特性进行了仿真和分析,并对比了PCF包层不同占空比下的PCFBG反射谱。选择高斯函数对各反射谱进行切趾优化。理论计算和仿真结果证明,各模式有效折射率随着波长的增加而近似线性降低,不同占空比的PCFBG反射谱之间的差异较为明显。在此基础上,可进一步研究正方形包层结构的PCFBG的调谐特性,并应用于可调谐的多通道OADM。     

基于Berreman矩阵研究一维掺有各向异性材料缺陷的光子晶体偏振特性

为了研究具有各向异性材料缺陷层的光子晶体禁带特性,构造了具有各向异性材料缺陷层（AB）10F（BA）10 型一维光子晶体,利用Berreman 传输矩阵进行了数值计算。研究发现,随着缺陷层F 厚度d的增加,在700~1 000 nm 禁带中出现的两个缺陷模发生红移,缺陷模透射系数呈阶段性变化。改变缺陷层内单轴晶体方位角 ,X偏振光产生的缺陷模往长波方向移动,透射系数在一定波长范围内规律变化,而Y偏振光产生的缺陷模始终不变。另方位角在0~90范围内变化,则该禁带内产生新的缺陷模。缺陷模的这些特征对全方位过滤器的设计有一定价值。     

Investigation of the effects of process-induced disorder location on planar photonic crystal waveguide properties

The effects of process-induced disorder location on planar photonic crystal waveguide properties are numerically investigated using three-dimensional finite difference time domain simulation by introducing random fluctuations of the hole radius, size, position, and shape of air-holes of two-dimensional planar photonic crystal slab. Results reveal that bandgap properties are extremely robust with respect to disorder. It is shown that the very first rows of holes play a major role in the amount of disorder-induced optical loss, and that keeping the first two rows of holes unchanged leads to a blue-shift of slow light waveguide properties.