中间包内流体停留时间分布测定方法的探讨

在连铸中间包的水模型实验中，对两种不同的停留时间分布的测定方法进行了比较分析。结果表明，只有将电导电极置于水口出流部位的测定方法才能客观地反映中间包内流体的流场分布情况。     

Upward Molten Flow for Optimization of Fluid Flow in Continuous Casting Tundish

Fluid flow pattern and buoyancy force support the motion of nonmetallic inclusions toward the tundish slag. Upward molten flow was investigated. To understand the fundamentals of the process, physical modelling was carried out with the utilization of a 1∶4 scale model. Numerical modelling was carried out in line with the physical modelling to examine details of the flow pattern and rotational effect caused by the upward flow with the commercial CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) package environment, FLUENT. The two-equation k-ε model was used to simulate the turbulence. Multiphase fluid flow was numerically simulated by using the Volume of Fluid (VoF) method. The simulation can predict free surface waves and other phenomena, which can be used to optimize these important metallurgical operations.     

中间包连浇过程非稳态流场与温度场的数值模拟研究

通过计算得出在浇注过程中连铸中间包包壁瞬态热量损失作为边界条件的基础上,建立了连铸中间包内钢液流动与传热耦合数学模型,对连浇过程中中间包内非稳态的温度场和流场进行了数值模拟,考察了中间包连浇5个包次过程中钢液热量损失、温度分布以及流场情况,为现场操作和工艺优化提供依据和指导。     

Effects of Salt Tracer Amount,Concentration and Kind on the Fluid Flow Behavior in a Hydrodynamic Model of Continuous Casting Tundish

The hydrodynamic modeling method that widely used to simulate the fluid flow was reconsidered and discussed in this paper. The effects of injected salt tracer amount, concentration and kind on the fluid flow behavior in a hydrodynamic model tundish were investigated. The results were compared with the mathematical modeling calculation results, that the tracer density effect was eliminated. The residence time distribution (RTD) curve of tracer introduced deviated to the left side of the calculated curve, besides the deviation was increased as dimensionless tracer amount (the ratio of tracer amount to hydrodynamic model tundish volume) increased from 0.202 × 10^?3 to 1.008 × 10^?3. The results of tracer concentration study were similar, namely the deviation was increased with concentration increased; on the other hand, the deformation of a “stair‐shape” RTD curve occurred when tracer concentration was much lower (at dimensionless tracer amount of 0.168 × 10^?3 with converting to saturated solution). Besides, the effect of tracer kind on the accuracy of hydrodynamic modeling was also studied; the measurements of KCl solution with lower density than that of NaCl solution exhibited more of accuracy. Finally, the optimized tracer in hydrodynamic model tundish of present work is saturated KCl solution with dimensionless tracer amount of 0.202 × 10^?3.     

小方坯连铸中间包流场温度场的数值模拟研究

采用湍流理论,建立中间包温度场的数学模型,计算获得了昆钢7^#小方坯连铸中间包耦合的流场及温度场,并研究了中间包在设置挡墙前后钢液流动及传热行为的变化。流场计算表明,使用合适的挡墙,钢液在中间包的停留时间变长,各水口处钢液的流动模式趋于一致;温度计算表明,设置挡墙后,各流钢液温度差异明显缩小。     

Fluid Flow and Mixing in Non-Isothermal Water Model of Continuous Casting Tundish

Fluid flow and mixing of molten steel in a twin-slab-strand continuous casting tundish were investigated using a mixing model under non-isothermal conditions.This model led to a set of ordinary differential equations that were solved with a Runge-Kutta algorithm.Steady state water modeling was carried out under non-isothermal conditions.Experimental data obtained from the water model were used to calibrate the mixing model.Owing to the presence of a mixed convection in the non-isothermal conditions,a channelizing flow would be created in the fluid inside the tundish.A mixing model was designed that was capable of predicting RTD（residence time distribution）curves for different cases in non-isothermal conditions.The relationship between RTD parameters and the Tu（tundish Richardson number）was obtained for various cases under non-isothermal conditions.The results show that the RTD parameters were completely different under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions.The comparison of the RTD curves between the isothermal and non-isothermal conditions presents that the extent of mixing in the tundish in non-isothermal conditions is lower than the mixing extent in isothermal conditions.     

板坯连铸中间包流场模拟分析

针对鞍钢板坯连铸中间包,采用ANSYS系列软件对不同拉速下及增容后的中间包内的钢液流场进行了数值模拟计算.采用水模实验并利用粒子图像测速系统(PIV)对该中间包流场进行测试,其结果和数值模拟结果一致.     

Water Modeling of Swirling Flow Tundish for Steel Continuous Casting

A conventional turbulence inhibitor is compared with a swirling chamber from the points of view of fluid flow and removal rate of inclusion in the tundish. Comparing the RTD curves, inclusion removals, and the stream-lines in water model experiments, it can be found that the tundish equipped with a swirling chamber has a great effect on improving the flow field, and the floatation rate of inclusion is higher than the tundish with a turbulence inhibitor. Because of the introduction of the swirling chamber, the flow field and inclusion removal in a two-strand swirling flow tundish are asymmetrical. Rotating the inlet direction of swirling chamber 60 degree is a good strategy to improve the asymmetrical flow field.     

Water Modeling of a Swirling Flow Tundish for Steel Continuous Casting

 A conventional turbulence inhibitor is compared with a swirling chamber from the points of view of fluid flow and removal rate of inclusion in the tundish. Comparing the RTD curves, inclusion removals, and the streamlines in water model experiments, it can be found that the tundish equipped with a swirling chamber has a great effect on improving the flow field, and the floatation rate of inclusion is higher than the tundish with a turbulence inhibitor. Because of the introduction of the swirling chamber, the flow field and inclusion removal in a two-strand swirling flow tundish is asymmetrical. Rotating the inlet direction of swirling chamber 60 degree is a good strategy to improve the asymmetrical flow field.     

连铸中间包不同控流装置使用效果比较的模拟研究

采用水力学数学模拟的方法,研究了3号多孔挡墙和U挡墙对昆钢小方坯连铸中间包流动特性的影响。水力学模拟依据相似原理,用"刺激—响应"实验方法,测定不同工况下停留时间分布(RTD)曲线,得到两种挡墙对中间包流体流动的影响。然后用数学模拟的方法验证水力学模拟的合理性。研究结果表明:3号多孔挡墙可以延长1号、2号水口响应时间及平均停留时间,缩短了3号水口响应时间及平均停留时间,控制各流流动趋于一致。中间包内流体流动特性得到明显改善。使用U挡墙后,钢液的平均停留时间Ta有了大幅增加,但各水口的初次响应时间差距较大,各流的流动特征一致性较差。因而,3号多孔挡墙控流效果优于U挡墙。     

连铸中间包内钢液流动及其控制

对连铸中间包内钢液流动现象进行了水模拟研究和速度分布测量。研究表明,注入的钢流下降时吸收周围液体,形成扩张角10°～12°的射流,是中间包内流动的动量源。挡墙设置能改变钢液流动方向,是控制钢液流动的有效手段。对不同类型的挡墙设置方案。用示踪剂分布方法测量了流动特点及夹杂物的去除率,探讨了合理的挡墙设置位置。     

Mathematical Modelling of Fluid Flow in a Continuous Casting Tundish with regard to Extraordinary Casting Conditions

The quality of the steel (degree of cleanness in the finished material) can be influenced to a great extent by the flow conditions in the continuous casting tundish and the resulting conditions for the separation of non‐metallic inclusions. Whereas in the literature a lot of numerical simulations about the flow patterns of regular casting tundishes have been published, the effects of disturbances like the absence of a strand or the progressive wear of the flow control devices in the tundish on the flow behaviour will be investigated here. It will be shown that the absence of single strands exerts much less influence on the total flow behaviour in the tundish than variances of the flow control devices.     

有限元数值模拟在连铸中间包操作中的应用

建立了三维湍流数学模型,应用有限元软件对连铸中间包内的流场进行了数值模拟,研究了中间包液面深度对中间包流场的影响.计算结果表明,中间包的液面应保持适当高度,过低容易引起中间包液面不稳,不利于夹杂物上浮;过高则容易引起溢钢.     

连铸中间罐采用新型控流装置的模拟试验

结合本钢炼钢厂板坯中间罐的控流装置,通过实验室对比试验研究,开发了新型控流装置——湍流控制器和微细泡气幕挡墙。试验结果表明,二者大大地改善了中间罐流体流动特征参数和流动轨迹。并且还具有防止注流开浇产生喷溅和减轻注流卷吸气体的作用。     

连铸中间包内钢液流动特性分析模型的研究进展

介绍了中间包内钢液流动特性分析模型的研究进展,针对中间包内钢液的去夹杂流动特性,论述了典型的单、多流中间包去夹杂流动特性分析模型,并通过对比分析找出了较优的单、多流中间包去夹杂流动特性分析模型。对于多流中间包内钢液的流动特性,不仅要考虑非金属夹杂物的去除,还要考虑多流中间包内各流流动特性的一致性,对比分析了典型各流流动特性一致性分析模型的特点并找出了合适的分析模型。所找到的合理的去夹杂及各流流动特性一致性分析模型为中间包内钢液流动特性分析提供了理论依据。     

Numerical Simulation for Effect of Inlet Cooling Rate on Fluid Flow and Temperature Distribution in Tundish

 The fluid flow in tundish is a non-isothermal process and the temperature variation of stream from teeming ladle dominates the fluid flow and thermal distribution in tundish. A numerical model was established to investigate the effect of inlet cooling rate on fluid flow and temperature distribution in tundish based on a FTSC (Flexible Thin Slab Casting) tundish. The inlet cooling rate varies from 0.5 to 0.25 ℃/min. Under the present calculation conditions, the following conclusions were made. When the stream temperature from teeming ladle drops seriously (for inlet cooling rate of 0.5 ℃/min), there is a “backward flow” at the coming end of casting. The horizontal flow along the free surface turns to flow along the bottom of tundish. The bottom flow shortens the fluid flow route in tundish and deteriorates the removal effect of nonmetallic inclusions from molten steel. Nevertheless, when the inlet cooling rate decreases to 0.25 ℃/min, the horizontal flow is sustained during the whole casting period. The present research provides theoretical directions for temperature control in teeming ladle and continuous casting tundish during production of advanced steels.     

衡管水平连铸中间包流场分析

根据衡阳钢管水平连铸中间包的实际情况,采用1：1．5的相似比例建立水模拟系统,对水平连铸中间包内钢液流场进行研究．得出水平连铸中间包内钢水流场与弧形连铸中间包内钢水流场的主要区别,提出了优化水平连铸中间包钢水流动的方向。     

Transient Fluid Flow in a Continuous Casting Tundish during Ladle Change and Steady‐state Casting

Transient effects occur during both steady‐state casting as well as transient casting, e.g. a ladle change. These effects are caused by transient boundary conditions at the inlet of the tundish. A time‐dependent inlet temperature causes a free convection flow during steady‐state casting. During transient casting, such as during a ladle change, the mass flow at the inlet is time‐dependent and thus a transient flow develops. In general, transient flow is unwanted because transient flow means a change of conditions for the separation of non‐metallic particles. The analysis of the flow in the tundish is carried out by numerical as well as physical simulations. In this case experimental investigations are carried out on a water model. The results of laser optical investigations using Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) and Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) serve as a validation of the numerical results. The numerical results are then used for the investigation of the thermal melt flow. The effects caused by a changing bath level during transient casting (ladle change) are investigated using the Volume‐of‐Fluid (VoF) model. Beyond this, the interaction between the melt and slag is taken into account, by using the three phase system melt‐slag‐air. In addition to the classical methods a new zonal approach is introduced in this paper. The integral balance localises high turbulence mixing regions as well as the development and intensity of back flows. The levelling of the momentum flux between the inlet and the outlet can also be described.     

六流方坯连铸中间包结构优化水模实验

 通过六流方坯连铸中间包水模实验,研究了不同控流装置对其流动特性的影响。采用笔者提出的多流中间包流动特性分析模型及各流流动特性一致性的分析方法进行了定量描述。结果表明,带横墙和不带横墙的“V”型挡墙均能明显改善各流流动特性的一致性,与不带横墙的“V”型挡墙组合挡坝的数量、高度均对流动特性有影响,在较优的“V”型挡墙与挡坝组合控流装置基础上加入抑湍器后控流效果更佳。通过实验研究,提出了优化方案。     

漩流中间包漩流室内流动状态的研究

分别通过以相似原理为基础,考虑弗劳德数和雷诺数相等,对漩流中间包漩流室内湍流状况的水模型实验研究,以商业软件包为基础,对建立在正交网格上的漩流室内流动进行的以k-ε双方程模型为湍流模型的数值模拟研究,得到了漩流室内的流动状态和旋转速度的分布规律,并系统地研究了漩流室直径、漩流室高度及注人流量对漩流室内的旋转速度的影响。用因次分析的方法分析了水模型和实际中间包内旋转速度之间的相似关系,得到了描述相似规律的准数Rt。为针对不同结构中间包的漩流室优化设计和开发漩流中间包技术提供了理论基础。