阳台对低层建筑风压作用下自然通风影响的数值研究

本文将通风量和工作平面平均风速作为衡量房间通风效果的指标,采用计算流体力学方法,分析了阳台对低层建筑风压作用下自然通风的影响.首先通过实验数据验证了数学模型的可靠性,数值模拟结果与实验结果具有良好的一致性.而后,通过模拟得到以下结论:对于单侧通风建筑,阳台能够极大地提高建筑中部及下部房间的通风性能;对于双侧通风建筑,阳台对室内通风性能的影响较小;阳台可以诱导空气进入房间更深的区域,在工作平面形成更为均匀的风环境.     

上出风壁挂式空调器舒适性的数值模拟及实验研究

本文结合壁挂式房间空调器的使用特点,运用CFD方法模拟室内空调热环境,对上出风壁挂式空调器的热舒适性进行了研究分析;同时通过搭建房间环境热舒适实验室,对模拟和实验结果进行对比和分析,验证数值计算模型的准确性.     

多房间建筑室内火灾数值模型的验证

介绍单层多房间建筑室内火灾数值模拟的验证研究。模型的计算值与Luo和Beck的实验结果进行了比较。为了考虑火灾的燃烧的过程，采用Laminar Flamelet方法。多房间建筑内热辐射的计算则使用DOM（discret ordinates method）方法。在验证工作中，最困难的工作是通风不良条件下火灾的模拟。由于在低含氧量的情况下，火焰的燃烧特性并没有得到很好的认识，因此对燃烧模型并没有引入任何的修改，以便保留处理燃烧过程方法的通用性以及便于检验Laminar Flamelet燃烧模型的能力。模拟结果与Luo和Beck的实验值能很好吻合。     

封闭阳台对高层住宅自然通风的影响及优化策略研究 ——以济南地区为例

阳台作为功能性的建筑构件,在提供实用空间的同时,对调节室内的物理环境起着重要作用.以济南地区为例,结合设定的模拟方案,运用CFD模拟的方法分析阳台外挑宽度、阳台窗开启扇的位置、尺寸等对自然通风的影响,提出1.5m阳台外挑宽度、开启扇正对阳台后房间布置、适当增加开启扇面积等优化措施,力求进一步改善室内通风效果,优化室内通风环境.     

小尺寸房间及走廊内烟气流动规律模拟研究

为研究房间-走廊内烟气流动规律,更直观准确地反映房间内发生火灾后烟气在房间及走廊中的流动状态,为人员疏散及救援提供技术指导,设计小尺寸房间及走廊条件下的烟气流动模型进行实验,并运用FDS火灾模拟软件对相同尺寸的房间及走廊模型烟气流动进行数值模拟。结果显示实验模拟与数值模拟的小尺寸房间及走廊烟气流动规律一致。根据实验及计算机模拟结果给出了火灾初期房间及走廊中人员疏散与自救的若干意见。     

基于Modelica风机盘管空调系统动态控制过程仿真平台的开发与验证

为准确仿真风机盘管空调系统的实际运行过程及控制特性,本文利用Modelica语言和劳伦兹伯克利实验室Buildings Library建立了包括空调房间模型、风机盘管换热模型以及典型控制模型的动态仿平台。通过设计数据和已有文献的实验数据对模型进行验证,结果表明所建模型具有良好的准确性,空调房间负荷预测值与设计值的误差在3%以内;风机盘管出口运行参数模拟值与实测值的误差在5.05%以内,换热量误差在6.65%以内。通过对夏季典型日进行动态仿真,结果表明所建仿真系统可真实模拟风机盘管空调系统的实际运行控制过程。该仿真系统的开发不仅为风机盘管空调系统优化控制研究提供了准确的动态仿真平台,同时也为暖通专业人员的技术培训提供了有效的虚拟实践工具。     

阳台阻止火焰竖向蔓延的数值模拟

利用FDS软件,采用大涡模拟、混合物分数燃烧模型和欧拉-拉格朗日粒子运动描述法,对高温烟气与不同深度阳台的作用过程进行模拟,分析不同阳台深度对着火房间上两层室内温度场和CO浓度场的影响,探讨阳台的阻火机理。结果表明,增加阳台深度能够减慢热烟气的运动速度,使其散发到室外环境中的热量损失增加,同时向建筑物固体中传播的热量增加,最终降低室内热烟气层温度。由于阳台深度增加导致烟气运动速度减小,使CO气体向空气中的扩散量增加,同时CO在两层阳台之间充分混合也使得其危险值降低。     

立体绿化住宅建筑热工性能研究

以黄冈居然之家垂直森林城市综合体项目为研究对象,使用Revit建模软件建立围护结构模型,通过Ecotect能耗模拟软件完善模型,并设置环境参数对房间负荷进行热环境分析,研究建筑模型分别在普通墙体和普通屋顶、绿化墙体和绿化屋顶两种不同类型的外部围护结构条件下,室内空调的耗能情况。结果表明,在建筑外覆盖绿色植被,可一定程度上增强建筑物外部围护构件的抗热性能和保温性能;立体绿化可减小建筑模型的全年负荷,还可消耗CO_2,缓解热岛效应。     

带阻挡的空调房间热舒适的可及性研究

本文通过建立相应的数学物理模型,对带有阻隔的空调房间室内空气环境进行了三维数值模拟,得出了室内流场、温度场的分布图,同时引用对流传输的概念,采用热线进一步分析了混合对流房间中流体流动与传递过程,并对模拟房间进行了实验测试,验证了模拟的准确性。     

阳台绿化设计

阳台设计的风格应与相毗邻的房间相谐调,任可显示您的想象力,创造一个绿色的梦幻世界。应该说屋顶绿化的许多设计原则都适用于阳台绿化,所不同的是阳台上还有阳台,比屋顶具有更多的遮蔽,因而雨水不能直接落到阳台植物上。设计之前,需明了您最终期望的阳台是什么样的。首先,阳台是屏蔽的、晒太阳及休憩的场所,如果您站在阳台上,这里的布局和景色使您郁闷不快的心情一扫而空,而心     

Investigation on energy performance and energy payback period of application of balcony for residential apartment in Hong Kong

The provision of balcony to the living room of a residential flat offers a number of merits including improved view enjoyment, enhanced ventilation and increased planting space. In addition, a balcony can act as an overhang and provide solar shading as well as electricity saving of the air-conditioning system. This paper reports the findings on the energy and environmental impact due to the provision of a balcony. In this study, a typical residential flat with balcony constructed at the living room was modeled and the energy performance was investigated with the use of the typical weather data set of a subtropical city, Hong Kong. The effects of balcony's orientation and glazing material of window were also evaluated. It was found that the residential flats facing various orientations (N, E, S, W, NE, SE, SW and NW) can offer substantial energy saving in air-conditioning system due to the shading effect of balcony. The building case with southwest facing balcony and clear glass glazed window gave the highest saving percentage of 12.3% in annual air-conditioning consumption. In terms of cost payback period, the values were estimated as 25.9 years (based on extra construction cost of a balcony) and over 100 years (based on extra purchasing cost), respectively. On the other hand, the energy payback period was 22.4 years for this building case. The provision of balcony to the living room of residential flat was found environmentally feasible in Hong Kong.     

谈居住建筑的阳台设计

结合阳台设计的发展演变,对居住建筑的阳台设计的发展及分类作了探讨,从生活阳台、服务阳台、阳台的栏板、阳台的进深、阳台设计与立面造型六个方面对阳台设计进行了分析,以指导实践。     

封闭阳台的折叠金属孔板遮阳设计

在夏热冬冷地区,活动外遮阳是使住宅封闭阳台成为气候缓冲空间的重要因素,应遵循四个基本原则:遮阳的可调节性;遮阳的通透性;遮阳的经济性;遮阳的美观性.通过比较当前活动外遮阳的不同形式,认为由金属孔板构成的推拉折叠遮阳形式能较好地满足住宅封闭阳台的遮阳要求,提出了封闭阳台折叠金属孔板遮阳设计的基本方法,并对该系统的遮阳散热、视线遮挡及美学特点进行了论述.     

封闭阳台的折叠金属孔板遮阳设计

在夏热冬冷地区,活动外遮阳是使住宅封闭阳台成为气候缓冲空间的重要因素,应遵循四个基本原则：遮阳的可调节性;遮阳的通透性;遮阳的经济性;遮阳的美观性。通过比较当前活动外遮阳的不同形式,认为由金属孔板构成的推拉折叠遮阳形式能较好地满足住宅封闭阳台的遮阳要求,提出了封闭阳台折叠金属孔板遮阳设计的基本方法,并对该系统的遮阳散热、视线遮挡及美学特点进行了论述。     

Luminous impact of balcony floor at atrium spaces with different well geometries

The atrium concept allows the exploitation of daylighting by bringing natural light into the center of the buildings, thus enhancing a more even distribution of daylight. The configuration of interior balconies, however, is determined based on the purpose of the interior space and the use of the building, which may defeat the primary daylighting advantages inherent in the atrium concept. The authors have developed insights regarding the critical daylighting performance factors by evaluating the relative effect of various interior balcony configurations on illumination level and its distribution with different atrium geometries. For these, parametric measurements of illumination level with a scale model of a four-sided atrium building and various interior balcony configurations have been conducted under diffuse sky conditions within the sky simulator at a Texas university. This paper represents the atrium performance results in terms of daylight factor, Well index, balcony Well index, the configuration of interior balcony; and the results are compared with basecase atria without any interior balcony. As expected, Well index and balcony depth are the most significant factors in daylighting performance in atrium spaces with interior balconies. For the position not covered by balcony, adequate illumination can be achieved for circulation regardless of building Well index and balcony depth although it may be that involved well indices are relatively low. On the other hand, light attenuation on the position under balcony floor is up to 70–90%, in particular, when the Well index becomes higher than 1 m and balcony floor becomes deeper than 3 m.     

城市住宅阳台设计探讨

通过分析住宅阳台作为室内外过渡空间存在的作用，总结归纳现阶段阳台空间多种功能特点和“类阳台空间”的不同类型，指出完善阳台功能在住宅设计中的重要性。并列举阳台设计中的一些经验和要点，为住宅建筑设计提供借鉴.     

封闭阳台对夏季室内热环境的影响

论述了封闭阳台的夏季热过程。从构成建筑室内热环境的4个要素的角度出发,简单分析了封闭阳台在夏季对室内热环境产生的不利影响,针对如何降低封闭阳台对室内热环境的不利影响提出了几点建议。     

阳台小议

根据阳台的功能，对阳台的使用现状进行了分析，指出了阳台的设计误区，提出了阳台设计的新理念，以构建满足人们居住条件和居住环境的空间，达到实用、节能的目的。     

阳台栏杆的实用性设计浅析

介绍了阳台栏杆的高度、强度及虚实,从规范性的角度对阳台栏杆的设计要点和注意事项加以分析,并对阳台栏杆设计中的预防噪声、预防雷电及美观等方面加以阐述,通过设计力求达到对阳台栏杆的安全、实用及美观的各项功能要求。     

Experimental and numerical thermal analysis of a balcony board with integrated glass fibre reinforced polymer GFRP elements

The thermal behaviour of a balcony board with integrated glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) elements replacing the compression reinforcement rods, is investigated by means of measurement as well as numerical analysis. For this reason a specimen consisting of an externally insulated brick wall and a representative part of a balcony is tested under a steady state temperature gradient of 30 K in a guarded hot box. Additionally to the normative requirements, temperature sensors are placed on critical sites within the construction, prior to the pouring of cement, to help the verification of the numerical analysis carried out simultaneously. Measured and calculated results are compared and some numerical parameter studies are carried out to quantify the advantage of glass fibre reinforced plastic elements over conventional balcony boards from a thermal point of view.