基于统计量的加权函数图像重建方法

针对图像重建的问题,提出了一种基于统计量的加权函数图像重建方法.考虑到退化图像不仅含有高斯噪声,且含有拉普拉斯噪声,利用最大似然估计的思想估计高斯噪声和拉普拉斯噪声的方差构造基于统计量的高斯和拉普拉斯权重函数;由于在图像重建过程中,噪声分布发生变化,整合L1,L2范数,设计了一种自适应加权函数;结合双边全变差(BTV)正则化算法,设计了一种自适应加权函数图像恢复方法.实验结果表明:相比基于L1-L2混合误差模型(HEM),方法的峰值信噪比(PSNR)和结构相似度(SSIM)分别平均提高了约2.07 dB,0.02,对含有多种噪声的退化图像能够取得比较理想的结果.     

结合自适应核回归和全变差的乘性噪声去除

为了更好地去除图像中的乘性噪声,提出一个新的三阶段乘性噪声去除算法。第一阶段在图像的对数域用自适应的掌舵核回归(SKR)对图像进行去噪处理;第二阶段用全变差(TV)方法对第一阶段处理的结果进行补充处理;第三阶段通过指数变换和误差纠偏,把图像变回到真实的图像域。新方法具有掌舵核回归与全变差两种方法的优点,实验结果证明了其去除乘性噪声的有效性。     

NLTV:非局部数字全变差滤波算法

在图像平滑处理过程中,如何设计保持图像边缘和纹理细节的数字图像去噪滤波器一直是人们关注的热点问题。本文在统一描述数字全变差滤波算法（DTV）和数字双边全变差算法（DBTV）的滤波机制的基础上,利用图像像素间的近-远程相关性,分别定义近程相关性和远程相关性两个度量,建立了一种非局部图像滤波自适应双边加权机制,提出一种同时适合高斯噪声和脉冲噪声的非局部数字全变差滤波算法（NLTV）。实验验证了新算法在抑制噪声的同时具有较好的边缘细节和纹理保持性能。     

数字双边全变差滤波及非线性去噪

为了更好地滤噪,在研究基于数字滤波器的图像去噪问题的基础上,首先简洁地建立了双边滤波与最优能量泛函之间的理论联系,同时导出一类广义双边滤波器;然后基于双边滤波在阶数大邻域中的双重异性加权滤波机制,推广了Chan提出的数字全变差(TV)模型,提出了一种数字双边TV模型;随后,建立了基于数字双边TV模型的最优能量泛函,并且导出了适于高斯噪声和脉冲噪声两种情形的非线性数字双边全变差滤波器。实验结果显示,无论是在视觉效果方面,还是去噪后图像的峰值信噪比方面,双边全变差滤波都是对双边滤波和全变差滤波极为合理而有效的推广。尤其对于脉冲噪声,该双边全变差滤波的去噪性能明显优于中值滤波器,具有重要的实用价值。     

局部加权全变差下的盲去模糊

图像去模糊是图像处理和分析中的基本问题之一,其本身是一个不适定问题,通常需要使用正则化方法来提高求解过程的稳定性.为了解决去运动模糊问题,从图像的局部特性出发,提出一种基于局部加权全变差(LWTV)的正则化方法,并给出了一种基于交替迭代的有效解法.针对非盲去卷积问题,为了克服传统全变差(TV)正则化方法的不足,以图像局部的变化信息为权值,在加大对图像中平坦区域的惩罚力度的同时,减小对图像中边缘区域的惩罚力度;针对模糊核估计问题,首先利用相对全变差(RTV)方法提取图像的显著性结构,然后利用显著性结构进行初步模糊核估计,再采用LWTV模型进行临时清晰图像估计,通过以上3步交替迭代获得最终的模糊核.实验结果表明,该方法可以在去除模糊及噪声的同时,很好地保持图像边缘并抑制振铃效应.     

基于最大后验概率和鲁棒估计的图像恢复推广变分模型

基于最大后验概率和MRF理论的图像恢复描述框架,提出一个面向图像恢复的推广变分模型.模型中将噪声建模为广义正态分布,利用最大似然法估计形状参数自动选择合适的范数作为数据保真项;将图像梯度场的分布建模为混合密度类,利用鲁棒估计理论构造一个耦合全变差积分和Dirichlet积分的图像先验模型作为正则化项.利用推广泛函的凸性,讨论了该推广模型的最优解存在性.最后提出结合梯度加权最速下降和半点格式的数值迭代算法.实验结果表明,推广模型能自动区分污染图像中的噪声分布特性,对于高斯噪声和脉冲噪声的污染图像都能取得很好的恢复效果.通过计算峰值信噪比和边缘保护指数,分析和评价了推广模型与目前其他变分方法的性能.     

基于偏微分方程的医学超声图像去噪方法

研究了各向异性扩散方程在医学超声图像去噪中的应用。在理论上对去噪原理进行了分析,并在此基础上采用改进的针对乘性噪声的各向异性扩散算法对医学超声图像去噪,实验结果表明,该方法在有效去除噪声的同时较好地保留了医学超声图像中的重要细节信息,使图像的细节部分清晰。该方法可以有效地去除超声图像斑纹噪声,提高图像的质量。     

新型梯度倒数加权滤波器

受经典梯度倒数加权滤波器的启发 ,提出了一种应用于图像去噪的新型非线性数字滤波器 ,称之为新型梯度倒数加权滤波器 .该数字滤波器解决了总体变差最小模型的全局最优解问题 .大量的实验表明 ,该滤波器在抑制大部分噪声的同时很好的保留了图像的细节信息     

一种抑制SAR图像相干斑的空域滤波算法

为在保护SAR图像边缘特征的同时有效抑制乘性相干斑噪声,提出了一种空域滤波新算法。该算法以负指数衰减型加权滤波模型为基础,通过将SAR图像多种局部统计参量巧妙结合作为联合衰减因子,形成与SAR图像区域分布特性相适应的负指数型加权系数;同时采取两次滤波策略,先由预滤波削弱SAR图像相干斑噪声并估计获得更精准的局部统计参量,然后借助精细局部统计参量再对原SAR图像实施精细滤波。实验结果表明,与多种抑斑算法相比,该算法在SAR图像抑斑与边缘保护方面均获得了更好的性能。     

异型纤维图像去噪分析

为了去除异型纤维图像中的噪声,首先分析了异型纤维图像中的噪声模型,然后针对噪声模型提出了一种能同时去除异型纤维图像中高斯和脉冲混合噪声的去噪算法.该算法在全变差(Total Variation,TV)算法的基础上进行了算法改进,综合了中值滤波的优点,在达到去噪目的的同时,较好地处理了去除噪声、保留边缘细节信息这对在图像去噪中存在的矛盾.同时,对参数的选取也做了分析,较好地平衡了去噪效果和处理效率问题.数值对比实验中的视觉效果和客观标准均表明了该去噪算法的有效性。     

自适应非局部数据保真项和双边总变分的图像去噪模型

针对常见去噪方法容易造成特定区域过度平滑、奇异结构残余噪声以及产生阶梯效应和对比度损失等问题,提出一种自适应非局部数据保真项和双边总变分的图像去噪模型,建立了自适应非局部正则化能量泛函和相应的变分框架。首先,对噪声图像利用自适应权值的非局部均值求得数据拟合项;其次,引入双边总变分正则化项,利用正则化系数来适度平衡数据拟合项和正则化项的影响;最后,通过能量函数最小化对不同的噪声统计快速求得最优解,从而达到降低残余噪声并纠正过度平滑的目的。通过理论分析和针对模拟噪声图像与真实噪声图像的实验结果表明,所提出的图像去噪模型能够较好地处理具有不同统计特性的图像噪声,与自适应非局部均值滤波去噪相比,所提算法的峰值信噪比（PSNR）值最多可以得到0.6 dB的改善;与全变分正则化图像去噪算法比较,所提算法的主观视觉效果明显更好,在去噪的同时图像纹理和边缘等细节信息保护得更好,PSNR值最多可以提高10 dB,而多尺度结构相似性度（MS-SSIM）指标可以提升0.3。因此,所提出的图像去噪模型可以在理论上更好地探讨如何合理处理噪声和图像内容本身的高频细节信息,在视频和图像分辨率提升等领域也具有良好的实际应用价值。     

自适应正则化活动轮廓模型

针对Chan-Vese模型含有许多参数,分割时需要人为调整参数,耗费大量的人力和时间的问题,提出了一个自适应正则化活动轮廓模型。首先,对Chan-Vese模型的数据项进行简化;其次,使用改进的边界加权H¹正则化代替长度项;最后,形成了一个新的不含任何参数的活动轮廓模型。在分割实验中,该模型对初始轮廓的大小、位置不敏感,具有较强的抗噪性,分割6幅图像的平均时间和迭代次数分别为1.5834 s、19次。实验结果表明,所提模型无需人工调整参数,能够分割强噪声图像和灰度不均图像,并且具有较快的分割速度。     

Super-resolution image reconstruction techniques: Trade-offs between the data-fidelity and regularization terms

Stochastic regularized methods are quite advantageous in super-resolution (SR) image reconstruction problems. In the particular techniques, the SR problem is formulated by means of two terms, the data-fidelity term and the regularization term. The present work examines the effect of each one of these terms on the SR reconstruction result with respect to the presence or absence of noise in the low-resolution (LR) frames. Experimentation is carried out with the widely employed L₂, L₁, Huber and Lorentzian estimators for the data-fidelity term. The Tikhonov and Bilateral (B) Total Variation (TV) techniques are employed for the regularization term. The extracted conclusions can, in practice, help to select an effective SR method for a given sequence of LR frames. Thus, in case that the potential methods present common data-fidelity or regularization term, and frames are noiseless, the method which employs the most robust regularization or data-fidelity term should be used. Otherwise, experimental conclusions regarding performance ranking vary with the presence of noise in frames, the noise model as well as the difference in robustness of efficiency between the rival terms. Estimators employed for the data-fidelity term or regularizations stand for the rival terms.     

Multiplicative noise removal combining a total variation regularizer and a nonconvex regularizer

A novel variational model for removing multiplicative noise is proposed in this paper. In the model, a novel regularization term is elaborately designed which is inherently equivalent to a combination of the classical total variation regularizer and a nonconvex regularizer. The proposed regularization term, on the one hand, can better remove the noise in homogeneous regions of a noisy image and, on the other hand, can preserve edge details of the image during the denoising process. In order to solve the model efficiently, we design an alternating iteration process in which two coupling minimization problems are solved. For each of the two minimization problems, the existence and uniqueness of their solutions are proved under some necessary assumptions. Numerical results are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed regularization term for multiplicative noise removal.     

Mesh Denoising using Extended ROF Model with L1 Fidelity

This paper presents a variational algorithm for feature‐preserved mesh denoising. At the heart of the algorithm is a novel variational model composed of three components: fidelity, regularization and fairness, which are specifically designed to have their intuitive roles. In particular, the fidelity is formulated as an L₁ data term, which makes the regularization process be less dependent on the exact value of outliers and noise. The regularization is formulated as the total absolute edge‐lengthed supplementary angle of the dihedral angle, making the model capable of reconstructing meshes with sharp features. In addition, an augmented Lagrange method is provided to efficiently solve the proposed variational model. Compared to the prior art, the new algorithm has crucial advantages in handling large scale noise, noise along random directions, and different kinds of noise, including random impulsive noise, even in the presence of sharp features. Both visual and quantitative evaluation demonstrates the superiority of the new algorithm.     

Multiplicative noise removal via adaptive learned dictionaries and TV regularization

Multiplicative noise removal is a key issue in image processing problem. While a large amount of literature on this subject are total variation (TV)-based and wavelet-based methods, recently sparse representation of images has shown to be efficient approach for image restoration. TV regularization is efficient to restore cartoon images while dictionaries are well adapted to textures and some tricky structures. Following this idea, in this paper, we propose an approach that combines the advantages of sparse representation over dictionary learning and TV regularization method. The method is proposed to solve multiplicative noise removal problem by minimizing the energy functional, which is composed of the data-fidelity term, a sparse representation prior over adaptive learned dictionaries, and TV regularization term. The optimization problem can be efficiently solved by the split Bregman algorithm. Experimental results validate that the proposed model has a superior performance than many recent methods, in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio, mean absolute-deviation error, mean structure similarity, and subjective visual quality.     

结合全局和局部信息的活动轮廓模型

利用全局信息的C-V模型对轮廓初始化和噪声不敏感,但不能分割灰度不均的图像;利用局部信息的RSF模型能分割灰度不均的图像,但对轮廓初始化和噪声很敏感。针对该问题,基于C-V模型和RSF模型,提出一个新的水平集正则化项,给出一个用偏微分方程表示的结合全局和局部信息的活动轮廓模型。实验结果表明,该模型能分割灰度不均的图像,且允许灵活的轮廓初始化,抗噪性较强。     

Regularized Negative Correlation Learning for Neural Network Ensembles

Negative correlation learning (NCL) is a neural network ensemble learning algorithm that introduces a correlation penalty term to the cost function of each individual network so that each neural network minimizes its mean square error (MSE) together with the correlation of the ensemble. This paper analyzes NCL and reveals that the training of NCL (when $lambda=1$) corresponds to training the entire ensemble as a single learning machine that only minimizes the MSE without regularization. This analysis explains the reason why NCL is prone to overfitting the noise in the training set. This paper also demonstrates that tuning the correlation parameter $lambda$ in NCL by cross validation cannot overcome the overfitting problem. The paper analyzes this problem and proposes the regularized negative correlation learning (RNCL) algorithm which incorporates an additional regularization term for the whole ensemble. RNCL decomposes the ensemble's training objectives, including MSE and regularization, into a set of sub-objectives, and each sub-objective is implemented by an individual neural network. In this paper, we also provide a Bayesian interpretation for RNCL and provide an automatic algorithm to optimize regularization parameters based on Bayesian inference. The RNCL formulation is applicable to any nonlinear estimator minimizing the MSE. The experiments on synthetic as well as real-world data sets demonstrate that RNCL achieves better performance than NCL, especially when the noise level is nontrivial in the data set.      

Adaptive active contour model driven by image data field for image segmentation with flexible initialization

In this paper, a novel adaptive active contour model based on image data field for image segmentation with robust and flexible initializations is proposed. We firstly construct a new external energy term deduced from the image data field that drives the level set function to move in the opposite direction along the boundaries of object and an adaptive length regularization term based on the image local entropy. The designed external energy and length regularization term are then incorporated into a variationlevel set framework with an additional penalizing energy term. Due to the adaptive sign–changing property of the external energy and the adaptive length regularization term, the proposed model can tackle images with clutter background and noise, the level set function can be initialized as any bounded functions (e.g., constant function), which implies the proposed model is robust to initialization of contours. Experimental results on both synthetic and real images from different modalities confirm the effectiveness and competivive performance of the proposed method compared with other representative models.

     

一种改进的双项自适应总体变差去噪模型

研究经典总体变差去噪模型及其改进的自适应去噪模型,提出一种基于预处理图像局部信息的双项自适应模型。利用空间自适应保真项缓解二阶非线性滤波对细节的过度平滑,通过自适应正则化项减少阶梯效应,使数值更稳定和收敛。实验结果表明,与原方法相比,改进方法具有更好的鲁棒性,在噪声较高的情况下仍能取得较好的去噪效果。