掺In纳米ZnO、CdS薄膜结构、光学特性分析

采用真空气相沉积法在玻璃衬底上制备纳米级ZnO和CdS薄膜.研究掺In和热处理对ZnO、CdS薄膜结构、光学特性的影响.实验给出,适当掺杂能够明显改善纳米ZnO、CdS薄膜的物相结构,ZnO薄膜的晶粒尺寸随掺杂含量的增加而减小,CdS薄膜晶粒尺寸随掺杂含量的增加而变大,但薄膜的光透射性有所降低.在短波范围内,ZnO薄膜的光透率好于CdS薄膜;在500 nm～1000 nm范围内,CdS薄膜的光透率好.掺In后ZnO薄膜的光学带宽从3.2eV减小至2.85 eV;掺In后CdS薄膜光学带宽从2.42 eV减小至2.35eV.     

Bi2-xSbxTe3温差电材料薄膜的电化学制备、表征及性能研究

采用电化学控电位沉积的方法制备了Bi2-xSbxTe3温差电材料薄膜.通过ESEM、XPS、XRD、EDS等方法对电沉积薄膜的形貌、结构和组成进行了研究,并测试了在不同电位下制备的Bi2-xSbxTe3薄膜的温差电性能.研究结果表明,在含有Bi3+、HTeO+2和SbO+的溶液中,采用控电位沉积模式,可实现铋、锑、碲三元共沉积,生成锑掺杂的Bi2Te3化合物Bi2-xSbxTe3.通过调节沉积电位,可控制电沉积Bi2-xSbxTe3薄膜的掺杂浓度,从而影响材料的温差电性能.控制沉积电位为-0.5V条件下制备的温差电材料薄膜的塞贝克系数最大,为213μV·K-1,其组成为Bio.5Sb1.5Te3.随着沉积电位的负移,电沉积出的Bi2-xSbxTe3薄膜的结晶状态将逐渐由等轴晶转变为树枝晶.研究证明,电沉积方法可以制备出性能优异的薄膜温差电材料.     

CoSnS2薄膜的制备及性能研究

采用两种方法制备了CoSnS2薄膜。在两步电沉积法中，先沉积SnS薄膜，再在其上制备CoS沉积薄膜，最后进行退火处理形成厚度约为1250nm的CoSnS2薄膜。在三元共沉积法中，加入EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸二钠)配合剂来调整Sn、Co、S的沉积电势以实现这三种元素的共沉积，从而一步形成厚约620nm的CoSnS2薄膜。探讨了薄膜的制备机理和制备条件对薄膜结构特性和光学特性的影响。得到的薄膜为多晶γ-Co6S2(立方晶系)和SnS(斜方晶系)结构，其直接光学带隙和间接光学带隙分别在1．05～1．25eV和0．11～0．71eV之间可调。     

BN薄膜的制备及BPXN1-X薄膜的紫外光敏特性

采用热丝和射频等离子体辅助化学气相沉积方法(HF-PECVD),以单晶硅为衬底在低温(< 500℃)条件下沉积氮化硼(BN)薄膜材料.通过傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 X射线衍射(XRD)及扫描电镜(SEM)对薄膜样品的组成和结构进行了分析,探讨了温度和等离子体对沉积BN薄膜的影响.此外,用紫外-可见光分光光度计(UV)测试了石英衬底上生长磷掺杂氮化硼(BPXN1-X)薄膜样品的紫外吸收特征,分析了磷掺杂对 BN光学能隙的调节作用以及 BPXN1-X薄膜在紫外空间探测领域的应用前景.结果表明,以单晶硅和光学石英玻璃为衬底在低温条件下用 HF-PECVD方法可以沉积较高质量的 BN薄膜,BN的光学能隙宽度通过磷的掺杂可以得到连续调节,在紫外空间光探测领域具有很大的应用潜力.     

掺Zn改善SnS2光电薄膜的性能

热蒸发制备Zn掺杂SnS2薄膜,研究不同Zn含量及热处理条件对薄膜的物相结构、表面形貌和光电性能的影响。实验给出用Sn∶S=1∶1.08(wt)混合粉末沉积的薄膜,经380℃、15min热处理后得到简单正交晶系的SnS2薄膜;9(wt%)掺Zn后的薄膜热处理条件为370℃、20min。Sn、S和Zn分别以正4价、负2价和正2价存在于薄膜中。SnS2薄膜的直接光学带隙为2.12eV,掺Zn后为2.07eV;薄膜的电阻率从未掺Zn时的4.97×102Ω.cm降低到2.0Ω.cm,下降了两个数量级,所有SnS2薄膜导电类型均为N型。     

核壳结构WO_3/V_2O_5纳米线复合薄膜的制备及其电致变色性能研究

采用溶剂热法在氟掺杂的锡氧化物导电玻璃衬底上成功合成制备了长度为400~2000 nm,从基底(80 nm)到尖端(30 nm)锥状塔式WO_3纳米线薄膜,进而通过电化学沉积法在WO_3纳米线表面均匀沉积V_2O_5纳米颗粒,从而得到核壳结构WO_3/V_2O_5纳米线复合薄膜。运用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等手段对复合薄膜进行表征,并运用循环伏安法、计时电流法和紫外可见光谱分析研究了该复合薄膜的电化学性能和光学性能。结果表明,与单一的V_2O_5薄膜相比,该复合薄膜的电致变色性能获得了显著增强。具有更好的循环稳定性、更大的透射率调制幅度(776 nm为67%)和更高的着色效率(776nm为13.5 cm2/C)。该法制备WO_3/V_2O_5核壳纳米结构电致变色综合性能优良,有望在隐身材料和智能变色薄膜材料等领域得到广泛应用。     

DBDCVD法制备a-Si:H的性能研究

本文用介质阻挡放电化学气相沉积(DBDCVD)在室温下进行了非晶氢硅薄膜制备.通过硅烷氢气流量比、DBD放电电压等工艺条件的调整,在玻璃上沉积了系列样品.研究表明,DBDCVD法可以在室温下快速制备非晶氢硅薄膜,最大沉积速率可达0.34nm/s,由于DBDCVD的高能量和室温沉积的特点,薄膜中硅-氢键以SiH2为主.随硅烷反应气体浓度的变化,薄膜的光学带隙可在1.92eV～2.18eV之间调整.     

2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并咪唑锌的合成及其光谱性能研究

合成了一种纯蓝的发光材料2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并咪唑锌(Zn(pbm)2),用元素分析、核磁共振、红外光谱、紫外-可见光吸收光谱、循环伏安曲线、原子力显微镜以及光致发光光谱、热重等表征了材料的结构、光学带隙、能带结构、成膜性能、发光性能以及热稳定性.实验结果表明,配合物具有较好的热稳定性;在DMSO溶液中Zn(pbm)2的紫外吸收峰波长为299、334、357nm;光学带隙为3.03eV.利用真空热蒸镀法可以得到均匀致密的Zn(pbm)2薄膜,其粗糙度为7.05nm.在365nm紫外光的激发下,产生发光峰在445nm附近,半高宽(FWHM)为81nm的纯蓝光发射.     

热原子层沉积技术制备的TiAlC薄膜的性能

为了解以热原子层沉积技术制备的TiAlC薄膜的特性,在不同基底温度下,以硅和二氧化硅为基底材料制备了TiAlC薄膜;采用椭偏仪、分光光度计、X射线光电子能谱、原子力显微镜、X射线衍射仪对薄膜的性能进行了测试。结果表明:随着基底温度的升高,TiAlC薄膜平均透射率逐渐降低,吸收边产生红移,光学带隙由2.56eV降低到0.61 eV;薄膜的沉积速率由0.09 nm/cycle升高到0.20 nm/cycle,表面粗糙度由1.82 nm降低到0.49 nm;不同基底温度下生长的薄膜均为无定型结构;膜层中的氧源于空气的自然氧化,且膜层的氧化程度与膜层中TiC的含量及膜层的致密性有关;TiAlC薄膜的形成主要源于高温条件下TiC的形成及三甲基铝的分解。     

Bi2-xSbxTe3温差电材料薄膜的电化学制备、表征及性能研究

采用电化学控电位沉积的方法制备了Bi_2-xSb_xTe₃温差电材料薄膜.通过ESEM、XPS、XRD、EDS等方法对电沉积薄膜的形貌、结构和组成进行了研究,并测试了在不同电位下制备的Bi_2-xSb_xTe₃薄膜的温差电性能.研究结果表明,在含有Bi³⁺、HTeO₂⁺和SbO⁺的溶液中,采用控电位沉积模式,可实现铋、锑、碲三元共沉积,生成锑掺杂的Bi₂Te₃化合物Bi_2-xSb_xTe₃.通过调节沉积电位,可控制电沉积Bi_2-xSb_xTe₃薄膜的掺杂浓度,从而影响材料的温差电性能.控制沉积电位为-0.5V条件下制备的温差电材料薄膜的塞贝克系数最大,为213μV·K^-1,其组成为Bi_0.5Sb_1.5Te₃.随着沉积电位的负移,电沉积出的Bi_2-xSb_xTe₃薄膜的结晶状态将逐渐由等轴晶转变为树枝晶.研究证明,电沉积方法可以制备出性能优异的薄膜温差电材料.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.