Vibration of circular plate with multiple eccentric circular perforations by the Rayleigh-Ritz method

The free vibration of a circular plate with multiple perforations is analyzed by using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. Admissible functions are assumed to be separable functions of radial and tangential coordinates. Trigonometric functions are assumed in the circumferential direction. The radial shape functions are the boundary characteristic orthogonal polynomials generated following the Gram-Schmidt recurrence scheme. The assumed functions are used to estimate the kinetic and the potential energies of the plate depending on the number and the position of the perforations. The eigenvalues, representing the dimensionless natural frequencies, are compared with the results obtained using Bessel functions, where the exact solution is available. Moreover, the eigenvectors, which are the unknown coefficients of the Rayleigh-Ritz method, are used to present the mode shapes of the plate. To validate the analytical results of the plates with multiple perforations, experimental investigations are also performed. Two unique case studies that are not addressed in the existing literature are considered. The results of the Rayleigh-Ritz method are found to be in good agreement with those from the experiments. Although the method presented can be employed in the vibration analysis of plates with different boundary conditions and shapes of the perforations, circular perforations that are free on the edges are studied in this paper. The results are presented in terms of dimensionless frequencies and mode shapes.     

Resonance methods for microwave studies of dielectrics (Review)

The general properties of microwave resonators with dielectric inclusions, which are important in dielectric measurements, are described. The methods for measuring the permittivity and dielectric losses in isotropic and uniaxial dielectrics with the use of cavity, open, and dielectric resonators are considered. Approximations that are often used in the theory and practice of measurements and limit accuracy are analyzed. The formulas used in calculations and results of measurements of the dielectric parameters of various samples, including films, coatings, and substrates, in the range 1.5–75.0 GHz are presented. The possibilities of local measurements and measurements of parameters of media are discussed.     

卷到卷制造中基板横向振动研究进展

运动基板的横向振动问题已经成为严重限制卷到卷制造效率和质量的关键。详细介绍了卷到卷制造中运动基板横向振动问题的研究概况。讨论了运动基板横向振动的建模方法,以Hamilton原则为例,推导了基板横向振动的控制方程,结合解析求解和数值求解方法,计算横向振动的频率和模态。分析了基板张力、速度、材料特性、中间支撑和外界环境等因素对基板自由振动特性及动态稳定性的影响。研究了基板参数振动特性,考虑基板张力和速度两个主要参数的波动,阐述了基板横向振动被动控制和主动控制方法。联合基板纵向张力控制和侧向纠偏控制,讨论了横向振动控制在卷到卷制造中的工程应用。最后,展望卷到卷制造工程应用中基板横向振动研究的关键问题。     

液压柱塞泵运动副磨损特性研究综述

针对液压柱塞泵的3对主要运动副:柱塞-缸体副(柱塞副)、缸体-配流盘副(配流盘副)、斜盘-滑靴副(滑靴副),对国内外围绕3对运动副磨损特性相关的研究进行了汇总和总结。柱塞泵运动副间隙的润滑形式为粘弹性动力润滑(EHL),磨损特性与油膜、介质、污染、运动副材料及表面形貌等密切相关。主要介绍了柱塞泵运动副的润滑磨损理论研究,影响磨损特性的运动副油膜特性相关研究成果,以及适用于柱塞泵运动副的磨损模型。对比分析了柱塞泵磨损特性研究常用的解析方法、仿真方法、实验方法,介绍了每种方法的优势及局限性。最后对影响柱塞泵运动副磨损特性的关键因素进行了总结,给出了有待解决的问题及研究方案。     

不锈钢盖拉深的模具设计与数值模拟

用D ynaform软件对不锈钢盖成形过程进行了模拟,通过模拟,使拉深工艺与模具结构更合理,减少了试模、修模的次数,防止了缺陷,降低了生产成本。模拟结果与拉深产品相吻合,产品质量良好,满足了生产要求。     

工程设计的发展趋势和未来

论述了工程设计的发展趋势。介绍了未来社会环境与需求，现代设计概念与方法学和工程设计管理。     

薄壁封闭环热弯模型值的计算

用ANSYS软件建立薄壁封闭环的三维实体模型,并对其啮合过程进行了有限元分析和计算算出了薄壁封闭环的啮合力、应力及各点的x方向位移和y方向位移,通过矩阵运算求出各点的径向位移;然后建立卡环修正后的三维实体曲线形模型,重新计算环上各点的径向位移,再修正;通过两次修正逼近计算得出了啮合后误差小于0．03mm的薄壁封闭环的热弯模型值,为卡环的精密设计和造提供了理论依据。     

航空关节轴承挤压翻边固定的仿真和试验研究

对航空关节轴承挤压翻边安装固定进行了仿真和试验研究,通过ANSYS对轴承挤压翻边和轴向推出力进行了仿真,分析了轴承挤压翻边后相关参数的变化及其影响,对仿真分析结果进行了验证,试验结果与仿真分析的结果基本一致.结果表明,轴承与轴承座间隙配合时,轴承挤压翻边安装会降低轴承的空载启动力矩,现有安装工艺能够满足航空轴承安装固定...     

闭孔泡沫铝力学特性及其在汽车碰撞吸能中的应用研究进展

汽车低能耗、安全和轻量化已经成为汽车领域研究的热点问题,闭孔泡沫铝作为一种轻质吸能金属材料,在低密度下具有良好的比刚度和比强度,同时具有良好的抗冲击性和能量吸收性,已逐渐引起汽车产业界地重视。简述泡沫铝单轴压缩试验中弹性模量、抗压强度、屈服强度、平台应力、致密化应变等参数的定义和试验标准;综述闭孔泡沫铝的本构方程的研究现状,重点讨论屈服面模型;总结泡沫铝的微观结构有限元建模方法,比较商业软件中集成的宏观材料模型。归纳吸能材料的特点,分析闭孔泡沫铝的吸能能力和抗冲击能力;综述应变率和冲击速度对泡沫铝吸能特性有无影响的研究进展,并对可能存在的影响进行解释。总结闭孔泡沫铝在汽车轻量化和碰撞安全性领域的应用,具体分析典型的案例。指出当前闭孔泡沫铝的力学特性及其在汽车结构中应用存在的问题与难点,总结并提出本研究领域可以借鉴的研究方向。     

制造系统的对象与行为建模

提出了基于对象及关系、行为及控制流的制造系统建模方法。将制造系统所涉及的对象划分为信息元素、对象和对象视图,使用对象关系描述对象间的直接联系,使用完整性规则表述语义规则;将制造系统所涉及的行为划分为领域过程、事务过程、作业和功能操作,领域过程由事件触发,使用程序规则集描述过程的控制流。采用面向对象的N—元组的形式,制造系统的对象和行为通过一致的框架进行描述,从而得到完整而精确的具体表达。     

Economics and success factors of flexible manufacturing systems: The conventional explanation revisited

This article analyzes costs and relative benefits of several hundred flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) in the world. The analyses are based on the computerized data bases, which make it easy to correlate different cost and benefit indicators with each other and to look for regular patterns and tendencies in the applications. Both investment cost distributions and the system complexity distributions are analyzed. The relative benefits and advantages and their relationships are shown. Finally, technical and economic explanations for successful implementation strategies are given.The results show that there are two classes of economically successful systems. The small-scale and technically compact systems are usually used in small-batch production for the replacement of semimanual production. The main benefits are increased capacity and productivity as well as quality improvements. The large-scale and technically complex systems are used in large-volume production for the replacement of fixed automation and transfer lines. The benefits are mainly due to the increased potential for flexibility and capital savings.     

液阻悬置动态特性实验方法及实测分析

论述了液阻悬置及其主要部件的静态和动态力学特性的实验测试和数据处理方法，探讨了液阻悬置特性的评价参数；对惯性通道一活动解耦盘式、惯性通道式液阻悬置及其橡胶主簧进行了静态和动态力学特性测试，分析了液阻悬置的三向静刚度与其橡胶主簧的三向静刚度的关系，研究了预载荷、激振幅值和激振频率对液阻悬置及其橡胶主簧动态力学特性的影响；对惯性通道-活动解耦盘式和惯性通道式液阻悬置的动态特性进行了比较分析，研究了活动解耦盘对液阻悬置动态特性的影响；在不同的激振工况下，测量了上液室的动态压强和温度。     

Mathematical modeling of fluxgate magnetic gradiometers

Issues of designing fluxgate magnetic gradiometers are considered. The areas of application of fluxgate magnetic gradiometers are determined. The structure and layout of a two-component fluxgate magnetic gradiometer are presented. It is assumed that the fluxgates are strictly coaxial in the gradiometer body. Elements of the classical approach to the mathematical modeling of the spatial arrangement of solids are considered. The bases of the gradiometer body and their transformations during spatial displacement of the gradiometer are given. The problems of mathematical modeling of gradiometers are formulated, basic mathematical models of a two-component fluxgate gradiometer are developed, and the mathematical models are analyzed. A computer experiment was performed. Difference signals from the gradiometer fluxgates for the vertical and horizontal position of the gradiometer body are shown graphically as functions of the magnitude and direction of the geomagnetic field strength vector.     

磨削表面形貌及其加工工艺参数的关系

采用平面磨床在20钢、45钢、40Cr钢试件表面进行磨削加工,通过粗糙度测试仪测量加工试件表面形貌,采用表面形貌统计参数中的轮廓高度算术平均值Ra、微观不平度十点高度Rz、轮廓微观不平度的平均间距Sm、轮廓支承长度率tp对表面形貌进行评价,分析了表面形貌参数与磨削加工工艺参数、试件材料的关系。结果表明,磨削表面形貌与加工过程中的工艺参数密切相关。     

Models of vibrational transfer and filtration of vibroimpact processes

Examples of the appearance of vibrational motion modes, which lead to excess noise and premature wear of machine parts and mechanisms are presented. Models of mechanical filters of various types are considered, and the problems of the nonlinear and linear filtration of wave-vibrational processes are discussed. The models of the vibration-conducting media, involving the nonlinear vibrational guides of a complex structure, are presented. The analytical studies of the problems associated with the passage of periodically strongly nonlinear (vibroimpact) processes through the multidimensional machine designs, which are modeled by means of discrete 2D mechanical systems with regular structures, or multidimensional mechanical filters for low frequencies, are performed. The physical sense of the derived solutions is obtained, the computational formulas are derived, and the main dynamic effects are discussed. The notion of filter metrics is introduced.     

液压挖掘机保护结构计算机仿真与实验

液压挖掘机司机保护结构对于保证操作人员的安全是十分重要的,加装司机保护结构是国产挖掘机进入欧美市场的必要条件．为使挖掘机司机保护结构制造企业在设计阶段掌握产品性能,避免设计失误,采用动态模拟方法对挖掘机司机室顶部保护结构受落物冲击过程进行了仿真,对前保护结构进行了静态模拟．建立了保护结构的非线性有限元模型,讨论了接触算法和载荷施加方法,得出了顶保护结构受冲击点的位移时间历程曲线以及前保护结构在载荷下的位移和吸能曲线．在实验台上对该结构进行了试验,试验结果和仿真结果吻合较好．保护结构的仿真为结构设计提供了依据．     

Thermodynamic analysis of wide thrust bearings operating in laminar inertial flow regimes

Wide thrust bearings operating in laminar inertial flow regimes are studied. Isothermal and thermohydrodynamic performances of the bearing are analysed. Integro-differential equations of motion, continuity and energy equations are solved to yield pressure, mass-mean velocity and temperature distributions. The effects of contraction ratio and film Reynolds number on the pressure field, load bearing capacity, flow rate and frictional resistance force of the bearing are examined. The effect of film temperature variation on the performance of the bearing is studied and the result is compared with the isothermal case. Viscous heating is seen to reduce significantly the load bearing capacity. The effects of including the inertial terms are also considered. The results for inertial and non-inertial cases are plotted and compared. The results show that, with the inclusion of the inertial terms, the load bearing capacity does increase. Comparisons with some experimental data are made and reasonable agreement is observed.     

Natural frequencies,modes and critical speeds of axially moving Timoshenko beams with different boundary conditions

In this paper, natural frequencies, modes and critical speeds of axially moving beams on different supports are analyzed based on Timoshenko model. The governing differential equation of motion is derived from Newton's second law. The expressions for various boundary conditions are established based on the balance of forces. The complex mode approach is performed. The transverse vibration modes and the natural frequencies are investigated for the beams on different supports. The effects of some parameters, such as axially moving speed, the moment of inertia, and the shear deformation, are examined, respectively, as other parameters are fixed. Some numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the comparisons of natural frequencies for four beam models, namely, Timoshenko model, Rayleigh model, Shear model and Euler–Bernoulli model. Finally, the critical speeds for different boundary conditions are determined and numerically investigated.     

液液萃取-C18固相膜萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用测定地下水中半挥发性有机物

采用液液萃取法和C₁₈固相膜萃取法对水样进行前处理,利用气相色谱/质谱联用技术进行分析测定,通过回收率实验和精密度实验对两种前处理方法进行比较。在加标回收实验中，液液萃取法的加标回收率普遍低于65%，不符合US EPA标准（70%~130%），而C₁₈固相膜萃取法的加标回收率都在70%~120%之间，符合US EPA标准；在精密度实验中，液液萃取法的相对标准偏差在30%以内，而C₁₈固相膜萃取法的相对标准偏差均不超过20%，两者均符合US EPA标准（<30%），但是C₁₈固相膜萃取法的实验效果更好。从实验中得出，C₁₈固相膜萃取法是地下水样较好的前处理方法。利用所研究的方法分析了北京市某生活区的地下水样，在该水样中检出了63种有机化合物，包括1种酯类、1种醇类、2种酸类、2种酚类、2种氯代烃、25种苯系物、4种烯烃、14种烷烃和12种多环芳烃。     

滑片式空气压缩机压力和功率的分析与试验

对滑片式空气压缩机工作时的压力状态和功率组成进行分析研究,并通过与应用压力温度传感器和电流表的检测方法得到的试验数据进行比较来验证研究结果。在理论分析中,压力平衡状态被分成6个主要部分,功率组成分成4个主要部分,对每部分的压力和功率过程进行分析,建立理论计算模型,分别求解得到各个部分的参数:为验证理论分析的有效性,对两种不同类型压缩机在正常工作条件下的内部工作状态进行测试;将计算结果与试验数据进行比较后的结果表明,两者有较好的一致性,因此研究结果可用来预测滑片式压缩机的工作状态。