典型刀具材料的高温摩擦磨损特性的研究现状

金属切削过程中产生的高温是刀具材料磨损加剧并且出现化学磨损(氧化、扩散和溶解等)的主要原因,因此刀具材料的高温摩擦磨损性能是开发、选择刀具材料的重要标准。本文阐述了国内外针对典型刀具材料高温摩擦磨损研究的现状,并对目前所存在的问题和不足提出了刀具材料高温摩擦磨损研究的方向及侧重点。     

干摩擦条件下WC-Ni/SiC摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能研究

在MMU-10屏显式材料端面摩擦磨损试验机上采用环-环接触摩擦方式,研究了WC-Ni硬质合金与SiC陶瓷材料异配对摩擦副在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能,并与WC-Ni/WC-Ni硬质合金自配对摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能进行对比.利用扫描电子显微镜与能谱仪对摩擦副的磨损表面进行了观察和分析.结果表明:在相同试验条件下,对比WC-Ni/WC-Ni硬质合金自配对摩擦副,WC-Ni/ SiC摩擦副的摩擦因数稍低点;WC-Ni/ SiC摩擦副的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损,而WC-Ni/WC-Ni摩擦副磨损机制为粘着磨损兼氧化磨损;由于WC-Ni/WC-Ni摩擦副的磨损表面发生氧化反应和焊合效应,配对效果劣于WC-Ni/ SiC摩擦副.     

外加电控制YG8/TC4摩擦副的试验研究

用配置在车床上的摩擦磨损试验辅助装置研究了热电回路的状态,外加电压大小、方向对刀具工件摩擦副——YG8硬质合金/TC4钛合金的摩擦磨损性能的影响。试验结果表明,断开热电回路和在摩擦副间施加反向调零电压对于减小摩擦系数,抑制YG8刀片的磨损,减小TC4圆盘摩擦表面的Ra值都有显著的效果,同时在摩擦副间施加反向电压时的摩擦磨损性能要优于施加正向电压,施加±6V时摩擦副的性能要优于±4V,这可以为钛合金的切削研究提供试验参考。     

GF/PTFE自润滑纤维复合材料磨损性能热衰退研究

针对高频摆动关节轴承摩擦热对自润滑纤维复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,研制了高频使用条件下的玻璃纤维增强聚四氟乙烯(GF/PTFE)自润滑纤维复合材料,利用MYB～500高频高载摆动摩擦磨损试验机,对其进行不同摩擦温度下的摩擦磨损性能测试,研究摩擦热作用下材料自润滑性能和磨损性能衰退特征,分析磨损产物和摩擦表面以及不同摩擦温度下材料的磨损机理。结果表明,摩擦热对材料自润滑性能影响显著,适当的摩擦温度范围能够保证材料的自润滑性能,摩擦温度和摩擦因数之间互为耦合作用,对材料的磨损性能具有一定的影响;高摩擦热作用于自润滑过程及机理的改变,造成材料的磨损性能衰退现象。因此,不同温度下材料的磨损特征具有明显的差异化,其中低摩擦温度下(60～120℃)材料自润滑性能优异,磨损率很低;140℃摩擦温度条件下材料摩擦磨损性能开始衰退;材料在高摩擦温度下(140～180℃)的磨损初期自润滑性能良好、磨损轻微,而中后期磨损严重。微观分析表明,低摩擦温度下材料的磨损机理以轻微粘着和疲劳磨损为主;高摩擦温度下材料的磨损以片状剥落、纤维剪切破坏为主,且磨损面局部损伤特征明显,磨损严重。     

纳米硬质合金与大理石的摩擦磨损特性

采用在线电解修整(ELID)磨削技术对纳米硬质合金刀具进行磨削,并利用摩擦磨损试验机研究了纳米硬质合金WC-10Co与大理石的摩擦磨损特性。结果表明,纳米硬质合金整体摩擦系数小,耐磨性好;WC-10Co的磨损机理表现为鱼鳞状塑性流动,而普通硬质合金的磨损机理则是晶粒大片脱落。纳米硬质合金性能优异,有望成为矿产资源钻探领域的新型刀具材料。     

自润滑关节轴承摩擦磨损性能的研究进展

综述近10年来国内、外对自润滑关节轴承摩擦磨损行为的研究成果,总结了不同条件下材料的摩擦磨损机理,对影响自润滑关节轴承摩擦磨损性能的因素进行了分析,并提出了对其研究中存在的问题及研究方向.     

本期导读

纳米流体与微织构耦合作用对刀具材料摩擦磨损性能的影响研究P3-10朴占鹏张克栋周驰驰奚子杰王澳封封合理的表面织构可有效改善摩擦副界面间的摩擦状态。为研究纳米流体与表面微织构耦合作用对硬质合金刀具材料摩擦性能的影响,采用"两步法"将纳米Fe3O4颗粒添加到水基切削液基础液,制备出质量分数为0.5%的Fe3O4纳米流体,并利用激光微加工技术在光滑的YG6X硬质合金样件表面制备出不同尺寸参数的沟槽型与凹坑型表面微织构。     

关节轴承磨损性能试验研究进展

总结了关节轴承的磨损性能试验以及摩擦磨损试验机的研究进展。影响关节轴承摩擦磨损性能的主要因素为载荷、摆频、摆动角度、温度、轴承材料和自润滑材料材质及含量,并根据已有的研究工作对将来试验机的发展趋势提出了一些看法。     

硬质合金涂层刀片磨损寿命的评估计算

使用CP425牌号硬质合金涂层刀具进行切削速度、进给速度和切削深度三因素三水平正交磨损试验。通过对磨损试验结果的分析,得出影响CP425牌号硬质合金涂层刀片磨损性能的重要次序。并利用泰勒公式和MATLAB软件,得出刀片磨损寿命的评估计算公式,有利于指导选择最优的切削参数。     

硬质合金刀具表面磁控溅射TiN涂层的摩擦磨损性能研究

对硬质合金刀具进行磁控溅射离子镀TiN 处理,并将其与未镀层硬质合金刀具试样在相同的条件下进行滑动摩擦实验,比较其摩擦磨损性能并分析了磨损机制.结果表明,磁控溅射离子镀TiN涂层能使刀具获得高硬度层,有效降低刀具表面的摩擦因数,明显提高硬质合金刀具的耐磨性能.     

晶粒尺寸对WC硬质合金刀具材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

研究了三种不同晶粒尺寸的硬质合金材料的摩擦磨损性能,测量了摩擦系数,采用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了硬质合金磨损表面的形貌变化。结果表明,随着滑动速度和载荷的提高,硬质合金的摩擦系数呈下降的趋势;相同条件下,随着晶粒的减小,硬质合金的摩擦系数略有升高。粗晶粒的硬质合金主要磨损机制为WC晶粒脱落造成的磨粒磨损,细晶粒硬质合金磨损机制主要表现为塑性变形。     

WC-Ni3Al硬质合金切削奥氏体不锈钢的切削力及磨损研究

采用正交试验法对WC-Ni3Al硬质合金刀具切削奥氏体不锈钢过程中的切削力及磨损性能进行研究,并对切削深度、进给量以及切削速度对切削力的影响进行分析。利用指数回归分析建立主切削力的经验公式,结合切削用量显著性分析对主切削力进行了对比分析。试验表明:切削深度对切削力的影响最大;与WC-Co硬质合金相比,WC-Ni3Al硬质合金刀具的切削力以及后刀面磨损均优于WC-Co刀具。     

Comparison of the wear resistance of selected steels and cemented carbide cutting tool materials in machining wood

An experimental investigation is described where specimens of selected steels and cemented carbides are tested to simulate cutting green wood and cured wood. Extensive results are presented that show quantitatively the progressive wear of several Stellites, steels and cemented carbides as a function of time for sliding under wet and dry conditions.A simple theoretical analysis of tool wear that applies to cutting green wood with cemented carbide tools is described. The analysis, which indicates the important parameters in the wear process, is used to predict the effect of carbide particle size on wear rate. Comparisons are made between the predicted and experimentally determined wear rates for two groups of cemented carbide materials. Good agreement is found between experimental measurements and theoretical predictions. It is shown that wear depends on carbide particle size. Superior wear resistance of cemented carbides is attributed to the high hardness and low chemical reactivity of the carbide phase. The improved wear resistance of the Stellites is attributed to the low reactivity of the matrix.     

Effects of Co content and WC grain size on wear of WC cemented carbide

WC cemented carbides are used extensively to improve abrasion resistance. Co content and WC grain size influence the mechanical properties of the cemented carbides. In this study, the effects of Co content and WC grain size of cemented carbide on wear were examined. We prepared 13 different cemented carbides with different Co content and WC grain size. Wear tests were carried out against 0.45% carbon steel under dry condition at 98 N and 232 mm/s. From the results, we found that wear increased with both Co content and WC grain size. Specific wear rate of the cemented carbides tested was in the range of 10⁻⁷ mm³/(N m). We discussed the wear properties with hardness and the mean free path of the cemented carbide. These two parameters alone cannot explain the wear property.     

Wear Behavior of Ceramic Powder and Solid Lubricant Cladding on Carbon Steel Surface

Thick composite coatings of carbides on a metal matrix are ideal for use in components that are subjected to severe abrasive wear. It is a metal matrix composite (MMC) that is reinforced by an appropriate ceramic phase, a solid lubricant coating to reduce friction and to protect the opposing surface. This study tested the wear behavior of a carbon steel surface after cladding by a gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) method to enhance wear resistance. The microstructures, chemical compositions, and wear characteristics of the cladded surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The coating was uniform, continuous, and almost defect-free, and particles were evenly distributed throughout the cladding layer. The results of wear tests indicate that the friction coefficient of the TiC coating is lower than that of AISI 1020 carbon steel. Thus, the wear depth of the TiC coating is only one tenth of that exhibited by the AISI 1020 carbon steel. The experiments confirm that the cladding surfaces of TiC particles reduce the wear rate and friction.     

WC-10Co-MoS2@Ni自润滑硬质合金与钛合金的摩擦学性能研究

为探究WC-10Co-MoS2@Ni自润滑硬质合金与TC4钛合金的摩擦学性能，通过热压烧结制备不同含量MoS2@Ni的硬质合金试样，采用扫描电子显微镜、三维轮廓仪、维氏硬度计等分析自润滑硬质合金的组织结构和力学性能，利用往复式摩擦试验机研究干摩擦、切削液环境和深冷环境下硬质合金与钛合金的摩擦学性能。结果表明：随着硬质合金中MoS2@Ni含量的增加，表面孔隙减少，力学性能缓慢下降；在干摩擦、切削液环境和深冷环境下，摩擦因数均随MoS2@Ni含量的增加而降低；钛合金和硬质合金在干摩擦时由于钛合金的黏附，阻碍了MoS2发挥润滑作用，磨损形式以黏着和氧化为主；在切削液环境中磨损形式以磨粒磨损和黏着磨损为主，而在深冷环境下减少了氧化和黏着，其磨损形式主要为磨粒磨损，并伴有分层磨损现象。     

Influence of electrical discharge machining on the reciprocating sliding wear response of WC-Co cemented carbides

A number of commercially available WC-Co-based cemented carbides with 6 up to 12 wt.% Co were machined and surface finished by grinding as well as by wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) in demineralised water through a number of consecutive gradually finer EDM regimes. Comparative dry reciprocating sliding wear experiments on both wire-EDM and ground samples against WC-Co pins were conducted, using a pin-on-plate test rig, in order to investigate the influence of the EDM process on the tribological behavior. The worn surfaces of the investigated cemented carbides were scanned topographically and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The post-mortem obtained wear volumes were compared to the online measured wear in order to determine correlations between wear volume and wear rate on the one hand and sliding distance on the other hand. The experimental results revealed a profound influence of surface finish conditions and distinctive EDM regimes on the wear behavior of WC-Co cemented carbides.     

Exploitation of wear- and corrosion-resistant cvd-coatings

Hard, friction reducing, wear- and corrosion-resistant coatings, in particular TiC, TiN, Ti(C,N), Cr₇C₃, borides and combinations of these substances in composite layers, can be applied to steel, Ni(Co) alloys and cemented carbides by cvd and pvd. This paper discusses friction and wear in ambient and more hostile environments, notably ultra-high vacuum and at about 350°C in a He-atmosphere. The corrosion behaviour of TiC in sulphuric acid and in sea water is also covered. Applications of these coatings in machine elements and tooling are described.     

基于 STFT 的织构涂层硬质合金表面振动解析方法

针对织构涂层复合工艺对硬质合金表面改性时存在消极振动的问题,提出一种基于织构涂层表面摩擦振动行为的解析 方法来探索织构涂层复合工艺改性效果。 因此,搭建了微织构 AlSiTiN 涂层硬质合金-钛合金磨盘摩擦磨损试验平台,基于短 时傅里叶变换(STFT)与灰度算法对摩擦振动变化规律性映射和振动行为平稳时段进行了获取,进而分析了微织构 AlSiTiN 涂 层工艺参数对硬质合金的改性效果。 试验研究得出了微织构及 AlSiTiN 涂层对硬质合金表面耐磨改性效果最为积极的时间 段,即自接触摩擦起第 5~ 25 min 的稳定作用时期,得出微织构及 AlSiTiN 涂层参数对硬质合金表面改性的影响机理,优选该复 合改性方法抑制硬质合金表面消极摩擦振动的工艺参数,为提升硬质合金表面性能研究提供新思路。