铝镁系阻燃剂对沥青的影响及其阻燃机理研究

用氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁阻燃剂制备铝镁系阻燃沥青,研究氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、复合铝镁阻燃沥青的阻燃性能及铝镁系阻燃剂对沥青物理性能,高、低温流变性能的影响。结果表明,复合铝镁阻燃剂比单一氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁阻燃剂具有更好的阻燃效果;铝镁系阻燃沥青具有良好的物理性能和热储存稳定性;复合铝镁阻燃剂可以提高SBS改性沥青的高温性能,但会轻微影响低温性能;铝镁系阻燃剂可以提高沥青的热分解温度与开始燃烧的温度,并且在沥青燃烧时可以减少有毒烟气的释放,达到阻燃及环保的作用。     

铝镁系阻燃剂对沥青的影响及其阻燃机理研究

用氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁阻燃剂制备铝镁系阻燃沥青,研究氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、复合铝镁阻燃沥青的阻燃性能及铝镁系阻燃剂对沥青物理性能,高、低温流变性能的影响。结果表明,复合铝镁阻燃剂比单一氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁阻燃剂具有更好的阻燃效果;铝镁系阻燃沥青具有良好的物理性能和热储存稳定性;复合铝镁阻燃剂可以提高SBS改性沥青的高温性能,但会轻微影响低温性能;铝镁系阻燃剂可以提高沥青的热分解温度与开始燃烧的温度,并且在沥青燃烧时可以减少有毒烟气的释放,达到阻燃及环保的作用。     

氢氧化镁/氢氧化铝/三聚氰胺磷酸盐协效无卤膨胀型阻燃硅橡胶的制备与性能研究

以碱催化平衡聚合法制备的α,ω-二羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷为基胶,制备氢氧化镁/氢氧化铝/三聚氰胺磷酸盐(MP)协效无卤膨胀型阻燃硅橡胶,并对其结构和性能进行研究。结果表明:氢氧化镁/氢氧化铝/MP可产生阻燃协同作用,能够使复合硅橡胶的阻燃性能、热稳定性能和抑烟性能进一步增强。氢氧化镁/氢氧化铝/MP阻燃硅橡胶不仅具有优异的阻燃性能,还能保持良好的物理性能,当复合阻燃剂氢氧化镁/氢氧化铝/MP并用比为12/18/30时,复合硅橡胶的综合性能最佳。     

微卤阻燃LDPE的研究

研究了氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁和红磷等对低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)阻燃性能、力学性能和成型加工性能的影响。结果表明:氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁和红磷等阻燃剂(经表面改性或细化处理)与LDPE树脂具有较好的相容性,表现出良好的阻燃效果;随着阻燃剂用量的增加,LDPE的阻燃性能明显提高,但其力学性能和加工性能则逐渐下降。当复合阻燃剂氢氧化铝/氢氧化镁/红磷的质量比为50/25/6时,其对LDPE可产生良好的协同阻燃效果。     

三聚氰胺-磷酸-氢氧化铝复合盐与氢氧化镁复配物对EVA的阻燃效果及力学性能影响研究

实验制备了一种三聚氰胺-磷酸-氢氧化铝复合盐;采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、热失重(TGA)对其进行了分析;将其与氢氧化镁按适当比例组成复合阻燃剂,研究了复合阻燃剂对乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)的阻燃效果及其对EVA力学性能影响;极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL94)测试显示,三聚氰胺-磷酸-氢氧化铝复合盐的加入大幅提高了氢氧化镁对EVA的阻燃效果,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率等力学性能测试显示三聚氰胺-磷酸-氢氧化铝复合盐有利于保持EVA树脂力学性能。     

无机阻燃剂的新秀

北京科技大学研发出一种无机阻燃剂新品——无水碳酸镁,为含氧化镁≥46.8％的高纯品。合成方法简单,可在常温常压下生产,有望替代氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁无机阻燃剂。无机阻燃剂是无卤阻燃剂的重要类型,其中氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁则是重要品种,两者的阻燃机理都是在达到热分解温度时迅速分解、吸热降温、释放出水蒸气灭火。     

聚氨酯/镁铝水滑石复合材料的制备及阻燃性能研究

采用液相沉淀法制备镁铝水滑石,并对制备出的镁铝水滑石阻燃剂的表面进行改性,然后利用原位聚合法制备出镁铝水滑石聚氨酯纳米复合材料,测试其阻燃性能,并与聚氨酯添加氢氧化铝复合材料进行对比分析,得出添加等量的镁铝水滑石和氢氧化铝,镁铝水滑石阻燃剂填充聚氨酯复合体系的阻燃效果要优于Al(OH)3阻燃剂。     

SA／CaSt改陛氯氧化镁／MCA阻燃抗熔滴PA6的性能研究

以硫酸镁与氨水为原料,采用硬脂酸／硬脂酸钙作为复合改性剂,合成改性氢氧化镁阻燃剂。将制备的改性氢氧化镁与三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐（MCA）添加到尼龙（PA6）中,通过挤出造粒制备复合阻燃（PA6）。分别研究不同阻燃剂配比对复合材料力学性能、耐热性能、阻燃性能及机理的影响。结果表明：随着MCA／改性氢氧化镁比例的增大,复合阻燃PA6的拉伸性能与冲击性能均先上升后下降,当两者比例为1：1时,力学性能达到最优。同时,两阻燃剂协同作用,使尼龙6阻燃机理由解聚分解转化为直接炭化分解,有效抑制燃烧流滴现象,提高了复合材料的综合阻燃性能。     

硅橡胶阻燃材料的研究

分别探讨了氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁和硼酸锌等无机阻燃剂的用量对硅橡胶的阻燃性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明：当用量超过15份时，3种阻燃剂都能满足电缆附件的阻燃要求；在相同的用量下，氢氧化铝的阻燃性能优于氢氧化镁和硼酸锌；氢氧化铝用量为30份时，硅橡胶综合性能达到最佳。并且考察了软化剂1，2-丙二醇用量对硅橡胶综合性能的影响，得出其最佳用量为2份。     

氯氧镁复合物阻燃环氧树脂的研究

通过极限氧指数法、UL94垂直燃烧测试,研究了氯氧镁(MOC)与氢氧化镁(MH)、氢氧化铝(ATH)、碱式碳酸镁的复合物协同阻燃环氧树脂(EP)的阻燃性能.结果表明,当MOC和ATH的质量比为1:1,总质量分数为44.4%时,环氧树脂的极限氧指数(LOI)为28.3%,达到UL94 V-0阻燃等级,为四种配方中最佳组合.该阻燃剂是通过稀释、冷却、隔离、吸附等方式协同作用而阻燃.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。