不同碳系导电材料在水泥净浆中优化设计研究

研究了掺不同功能材料水泥净浆的电阻率,并通过SEM观察了掺导电材料水泥净浆的微观形貌.研究结果表明:石墨、炭黑分别替代10％、25％、40％、50％和60％的碳纤维时,导电性能波动较大,但趋于增加,石墨最优替代比例约为40％,炭黑的最优替代比例约为25％ ～40％;石墨、炭黑适量替代碳纤维,填充在碳纤维之间,改善了浆体导电性能,其自身的结构没有发生变化.     

碳纤维复合炭黑导电砂浆导电性能及其电热功能研究*

本研究介绍了碳纤维复合炭黑导电砂浆的制备方法、导电性能和电热功能研究。导电砂浆作为一种新型的功能性建筑材料，具有导电性能和电热功能，可以应用于感应加热、防冰除雪等多种场景。为了改善导电砂浆的性能，试验探究了采用碳纤维和炭黑复合的制备方法，并分析了碳纤维掺量对导电砂浆电阻率和电热功能的影响。实验结果表明，最佳的碳纤维掺量为胶凝材料质量分数的1%，炭黑掺量为胶凝材料质量分数的0.4%，在通入10 V交流电压下1 h后，试样温度升高13.3℃。电性能测试还证实了碳纤维复合炭黑导电砂浆具有低电阻率和高发热功率密度，具有较强的融雪或除冰能力。然而，为了将这一试验成果应用于更大的场景，还需要进一步研究导电砂浆试样。     

碳纤维炭黑导电混凝土的接地特性研究

选取碳纤维和炭黑作为导电相制备导电混凝土,对导电混凝土的导电性能、导电稳定性及力学性能等基本接地特性进行了研究,同时制备导电混凝土接地模块,并研究了其并联接地的降阻效果.研究结果表明:当碳纤维和炭黑掺量均为0.1％、电极面积为10％时,导电混凝土具有良好的导电性能;混凝土电阻率随龄期增长趋于稳定,稳定值为530 Ω·cm左右,电阻率在-40～ 50℃范围内的变化幅度小于5％,导电性能稳定;导电混凝土28 d抗压强度达到35 MPa,抗折强度达到6 MPa,满足接地材料的力学性能要求;采用并联接地的形式敷设导电混凝土接地模块对接地电阻存在集合效应,当敷设间距为30～60 cm时,集合系数小于1.5,并联接地的降阻效果较好.     

复合炭系电热涂料的制备及电热性能研究

为开发出电热性能优良、适用范围较宽、性能稳定的电热涂料，以炭黑、碳纤维、石墨烯为导电填料，丙烯酸乳胶为粘结剂，制备了水性炭系电热涂料。分析了 3种导电填料对涂层电热性能的影响，并对涂层的表面温度、体积电阻率、升温速率、附着力、耐热性以及表面形貌进行了测试。结果表明：在 24 V电压下，涂层尺寸为 60 cm×30 cm，厚度约为 0. 2 mm，炭黑添加量为 1. 5%，碳纤维添加量为 0. 6%，石墨烯添加量为 2. 5%时，涂层具有优良的电热性能，表面温度为 108. 1 ℃，体积电阻率为 2. 2 Ω·cm，附着力达到 0级，贮存稳定性和耐热性能均较好，初步具有工业应用价值。     

多层石墨烯/钢纤维复合砂浆导电性能研究

制备了多层石墨烯(MG)/钢纤维(SF)复合砂浆.利用四电极法测试复合砂浆的电阻率,研究了测试时间、MG和SF掺量、养护龄期和含水量对砂浆电阻率的影响,并通过扫描电镜观察多层石墨烯在砂浆中的微观形貌.结果表明:砂浆外通电流后,内部产生的极化效应导致测试电阻率随导电时间增长而增大,导电填料抗氧化性越强,极化效应越小;砂浆的电阻率随MG和SF掺量的变化出现了渗流现象,运用GEM理论拟合了单掺MG和SF砂浆的电导率与其掺量的关系;MG和SF的协同作用可以增加导电链条、提高导电能力,其中复掺SM比单掺MG电阻率降低21.7％～41.8％;养护龄期越长,砂浆导电能力越差;砂浆干燥状态下的电阻率比湿润状态增加了29％～199％,复掺不同导电填料或增加导电填料含量,都能降低含水量对电阻率的影响.     

不饱和聚酯树脂/炭黑/碳纤维复合材料的导电性能研究

本文研究了由炭黑、短切碳纤维填充的不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料的导电性能,得到了乙炔炭黑、短切碳纤维用量与复合材料电阻率的关系,对其导电机理进行了分析.     

碳纤维增强水泥基阳极板导电及韧性研究

采用导电水泥基材料取代金属网作为阳极材料用于电化学除盐可有效防止金属网锈蚀、异形结构难以安装等难题.采用不同掺量、不同尺寸碳纤维制备导电水泥基材料,测试其导电性能和断裂能.试验结果表明:水泥基材料电阻率随碳纤维掺量及纤维长度增加而降低,当碳纤维长度6 mm,纤维体积掺量0.8％时水泥基材料电阻率可降低至100 Ω·cm.相比体积掺量为0.2％的水泥基材料而言,当碳纤维掺量提高到0.8％时,其28 d抗压强度提高1.48倍,破坏应变增大50％,断裂能提高1.36倍.     

碳纤维对导电混凝土性能和微结构的影响

导电混凝土较好的导电性能,可用于道路工程除冰,保障交通通行安全.采用碳纤维制备导电混凝土,观察其性能和微结构的变化.研究结果表明:碳纤维的掺用使得混凝土拌合物的工作性变差,但仍然能满足施工要求.随着碳纤维掺量的增加,导电混凝土的抗压强度下降,但劈拉强度增大.导电混凝土的电阻率随碳纤维掺量的增大而降低,持续通电后,呈良好的电热效应和发热效果.掺加碳纤维后,水泥石结构的密实性降低,从而导致其性能发生变化.     

石墨/炭黑复合导电涂料的制备及其导电性能研究

以石墨、炭黑为导电填料,环氧树脂E-20为成膜物质,聚酰胺树脂650为固化剂,制备导电涂料。利用SB100A/21A四探针导体/半导体电阻率测量仪测定涂层电阻率,研究结果表明:当以石墨作为导电填料,含量为40%时涂层的综合性能最优;当以炭黑作为导电填料,含量为50%时,涂层的性能最优;当以石墨炭黑二者复合作为导电填料时,等质量条件下涂层的性能最好。     

CNT-CF/水泥基材料导电性能研究

研究了碳纳米管-碳纤维水泥基材料(CNT-CF/水泥基材料)导电性能,并分析了CNT-CF/水泥基材料导电机制.研究了导电填料含量、水灰比、龄期、湿含量等因素对复合材料导电性能的影响.结果 表明:CNT-CF/水泥基材料导电性能良好,电阻率数量级控制在102 Ω·cm以下.最优导电组合配比为碳纤维掺量0.4wt％,碳纳米管掺量0.5wt％.CNT-CF/水泥基材料电阻率随碳纳米管掺量由0.1wt％增加到0.5wt％而减小,由0.5wt％增加到2.0wt％而增大.试样水灰比的提高在一定程度上能降低CNT-CF/水泥基材料电阻率.CNT-CF/水泥基材料电阻率在龄期0～7d减小趋势,在7～28 d有增大趋势.CNT-CF/水泥基材料湿含量越大,其电阻变化率越大,且二者具有良好的线性关系.     

Synthesis of dysprosium/Mn–Cu ferrite binary nanocomposite: Analysis of structural,morphological, dielectric,and optomagnetic properties

Manganese–copper ferrite (MCFO) and dysprosium (Dy)-doped manganese–copper ferrite nanocomposites (Mn_0.5Cu_0.5Dy_xFe_2−xO₄) (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) were synthesized by sonochemical method. Crystal structure and the structural parameters of the MCFO were analyzed based on the doping concentration of Dy ion. It was observed that the average crystalline size of the synthesized nanocomposite decreases when the concentration of Dy increases. The existing spherical surface morphology of the MCFO and Dy-doped MCFO nanocomposites were obtained through scanning electron microscopy. In the UV spectrum, the pristine MCFO sample showed an absorbance peak at 743 nm whereas the absorbance values of Dy-doped ferrite nanocomposite considerably shifted (blue) toward a lower wavelength (231–222 nm). The dielectric parameters of all ferrite nanocomposites were studied in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5 MHz. The dielectric spectrum revealed that dielectric constant and loss tangent decreased with increased doping concentration of Dy ion. The saturation magnetization also changed with Dy doping in MCFO. The impact of Dy on manganese–copper ferrite changed the optical, dielectric and magnetic properties of the prepared binary ferrite nanocomposite, which can be used for microwave-absorbing material applications.     

Mechanical Properties of Compression Molded Banana Pseudo-stem Filled Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC) Composites

Mechanical strengths of a banana pseudo-stem (BPS) fiber and unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) composite were evaluated to assess the possibility of using it as a new material in engineering applications. Samples were fabricated by the compression molding process with reference to the effect of filler loading. The samples were submitted to mechanical tests to measure tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the composites. The nature of adhesion between the matrix and the reinforcement and information relating the structure of mechanical properties can be obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assessment of the composite fracture surface. The mechanical properties show that the composites did not have good adhesion between filler and matrix; on the other hand, the filler insertion improved the flexural modulus and the material rigidity.     

核壳型纳米粒子合成方法及其性能的研究进展

核壳纳米粒子作为复合纳米粒子一个重要的分支,由于其光、磁和催化等方面的优异性能,近年来引起了人们广泛的关注.本文主要介绍了核壳纳米粒子的制备方法及诸多性能,并对核壳纳米粒子的发展进行了展望.     

单向玻璃纤维-铝合金层板的几种力学性能研究

本文用实验方法研究了单向玻璃纤维-铝合金层板的拉伸性能、疲劳性能和冲击性能。利用金属体积分数理论验证了这类层板的拉伸性能。通过对其疲劳性能的实验研究，发现裂纹扩展速率的大小及刚度的下降与加载的最大循环应力密切相关的规律。实验发现该层板具有比铝合金好得多的冲击性能。     

TMPTMA在硅橡胶中的应用研究

研究了助交联剂三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTMA)对硅橡胶硫化性能、力学性能、低温性能和粘接性能的影响。结果表明,加入少量TMPTMA能改善硅橡胶的硫化特性和工艺性,提高硫化胶的硬度,降低硅橡胶的结晶温度,并有效提高硅橡胶与金属的粘接强度;但TMPTMA用量超过一定数值后,由于TMPTMA部分自聚合,在硅橡胶内形成一定的交联网络,造成两相界面粘接力变差,致使硅橡胶的拉伸强度降低。当TMPTMA用量为1份时,硅橡胶具有最佳的综合性能。     

聚氨酯种类对机械性能以及阻尼性能影响研究

分别以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG)、聚氧化丙烯二醇(PPG-1000)为软段,以二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI-50、MDI-100LL),以及扩链剂1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为硬段,采用预聚体法制备了聚氨酯弹性体。并系统研究了聚氨酯体系中各组分的种类对材料机械性能和阻尼性能的影响。     

A new precursor to lightweight porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics with enhanced microwave transmissivity

Nowadays, complicated preparation processes and harsh sintering conditions wave transparent ceramics limit its further development. To solve this problem, we explore a promising precursor by adopting a polymerization-pyrolysis method to prepare porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics at a mild sintering condition (1000 °C). The porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics exhibits enhanced wave transparency at 10–16 GHz with a low dielectric constant (<3), a low loss angle tangent value (<0.01), and simultaneously, a relative high flexible strength of 82 MPa. According to the results of the XRD and FTIR analysis, porous Al₄B₂O₉ crystallization dispersed in the amorphous SiO₂ matrix constructs the main phases of the products. The changes of Al and B elements are confirmed to have an effect on the phase compositions and micro structure of the composite ceramics, which obviously affect the mechanical and dielectric properties of the derived ceramics. The as-prepared porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics could be a potential candidate for next generation electronic window materials due to its low dielectric constant and loss angle tangent value, as well as high flexible strength.     

Effects of support and additive on oxidation state and activity of Pt catalyst in propane combustion

The effects of support and additive on the oxidation state and catalytic activity of Pt catalyst in the low temperature propane combustion were systematically investigated on Pt/MgO, Pt/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SiO₂–Al₂O₃. The catalytic activity varied much with both support materials and additives. The catalyst on the more acidic support showed higher activity, and the catalytic activity on every support materials increased as the electronegativity of additives increased, while some additives decreased the activity. The oxidation state of platinum, estimated by white line intensity of Pt L_III-edge XANES spectrum, also varied with the support and additives, and additives with higher electronegativity greatly prevented the platinum from its oxidation under oxidising atmosphere. Among almost all the catalysts with various supports and various additives, a clear relationship was observed between the oxidation state of platinum and the catalytic activity; the more metallic platinum showed higher activity. Thus, it was concluded that the total electrophilic/electrophobic property derived from those of the support and additive controls the oxidation state of platinum, which intensively affects the catalytic activity; i.e. higher electrophilic property provides less oxidised platinum, resulting in high catalytic activity. The mechanism of this effect was also discussed on the basis of thermochemical data, and it was proposed that the electrophobic materials promote the noble metal oxidation since the noble metal oxo-anion such as PtO^δ− is more stabilised with electrophobic cation.     

阻隔性PET/PEN共聚酯的性能研究

对共聚型阻隔聚酯PETNx(x为共聚酯中NDA占羧酸总质量的百分比)的热性能、流变性能和阻隔性能进行了研究。结果表明,PETNx体系属于假塑性流体。PETNx的CO2气体阻隔性优于常规PET;随着PETNx中NDA含量的增加,共聚物的玻璃化温度呈线性增高。