富锌酵母的制备及分析

通过在培养基中添加Zn2+的方法制备富锌酵母。测定富锌酵母生物量及锌含量。对培养条件进行了优化,确定了最优培养条件为培养温度28℃、摇床转速220r/min、培养基锌添加量600mg/L、接种量体积分数为10%(v/v)、培养起始pH值为6.0、培养时间60h。在此优化条件下获得的富锌酵母生物量可达到(8.712±1.033)g/L,锌含量可达(7.890±0.802)mg/g,锌总含量达到了(69.261±15.401)mg/L。对空白酵母和富锌酵母进行红外光谱分析,比较了酵母富集Zn2+前后吸收峰的变化。并对富锌前后酵母中的17种氨基酸的组成进行分析。     

富锗酵母培养条件优化及分析

该研究通过向麦芽汁培养基中添加GeO2培养啤酒酵母的方法来制备富锗酵母.测定富锗酵母的生物量及锗含量来评价其品质.对培养条件进行了优化.确定培养条件为:培养温度28℃,摇床转速200r/min,培养基锗离子添加浓度为100mg/L,培养基的装液量80mL/250mL三角瓶,种子液接种量10％(v/v),培养基初始pH值为为6.0,培养时间60h.优化培养条件制备所得的富锗酵母生物量可以达到(3.85+0.17)g/L,而其锗含量可以达(758.6+31.6)μg/g,其中有机锗含量为92.8％.采用红外光谱法分析空白酵母粉和富锗酵母粉,比较酵母富集Ge元素前后红外吸收峰的变化.     

富铬酵母培养条件优化及分析

通过在培养基中添加Cr3 制备富铬酵母,测定富铬酵母生物量及铬的含量进行培养条件优化实验,结果表明,培养温度28℃,摇床转数220r/min,培养基CrCl3·6H2O添加量为20mg/L,装液量50mL/250mL三角瓶,接种量5%(v/v),pH值为6.0,培养时间72h,获得的富铬酵母生物量可达(12.11±0.14)g/L,铬含量可达(184.68±0.07)μg/g,铬总含量达到了(2236.48±26.62)g/L。其中有机铬含量为88.9%。对空白酵母和富铬酵母进行红外光谱分析,比较了酵母富集Cr3 前后吸收峰的变化,并对空白酵母和富铬酵母中的17种氨基酸的组成进行了分析。     

甘蔗糖蜜培养高铁营养酵母发酵条件优化的研究

以甘蔗糖蜜为碳源发酵生产高生物量高富铁酵母,通过单因素实验和正交实验设计,确定优化的培养条件为温度28℃,pH5.0,接种量8%,装液量200mL/500mL,培养时间72h,在此最优发酵条件下,该菌株的生物量为13.46g/L,铁含量为7.97mg/g,细胞总铁含量可达到107.28mg/L。     

蛹虫草富铁液体深层发酵条件的优化

蛹虫草和铁元素被证明对人体有着重要的生理作用。通过设计单因素和多因素正交试验,探讨蛹虫草富铁液体深层发酵条件的优化。试验证实,蛹虫草富铁液体深层发酵的最佳培养基配方为:大豆粉35 g/L、蔗糖30 g/L、KH_2PO_41.5 g/L、Mg SO_41.5 g/L、硫胺素5×10~(-5) g/L、Fe SO_4·7H2O 0.3 g/L。最佳培养条件为:pH6,温度26℃,发酵3 d,接种量5%,装液量100 mL/250 mL三角瓶。在此发酵条件下,测得富铁蛹虫草生物量为18.93 g/L,富集铁为16.01 mg/g。     

红酵母生物合成类胡萝卜素的培养条件优化

采用红酵母(Rhodotorula mucilaginosa)发酵生产类胡萝卜素,对其培养基及培养条件进行了研究。得到2组适合红酵母生长的培养基,其中葡萄糖组各组分最佳添加量:3%葡萄糖,2.0%蛋白胨,1.5%酵母膏,生物量、色素含量和产量分别为11.38g/L、120.63μg/g、1.37mg/L,最佳培养条件为pH值为6.0,温度30℃,转速160r/min,培养时间168h,此条件下的生物量、色素含量和产量分别为14.38g/L、176.6μg/g、2.54mg/L,其中产量提高了85.4%。最后优化了蔗糖组各组分的最佳添加量:4%蔗糖,1.5%磷酸氢二铵,1%酵母膏,产量为2.53mg/L。     

金属离子对法夫酵母产虾青素影响的研究

为了研究金属离子对法夫酵母产虾青素的影响并优化出有利于法夫酵母产虾青素的金属离子,用单因子实验方法研究不同离子对法夫酵母产虾青素的影响并用正交实验方法对金属离子进行了配比优化。在培养基中添加Zn2+和Mn2+能增加细胞干重,在培养基中添加Zn2+、Fe3+、Mn2+和Cu2+能使培养液中虾青素的浓度增加,在培养基中添加Fe3+和Cu2+能使细胞中虾青素的含量增加。在培养基中添加3μmol/L的Mn2+、1μmol/L的Zn2+、1μmol/L的Fe3+、5μmol/L的Cu2+有利于法夫酵母虾青素的合成,用这些金属离子批式培养法夫酵母,总细胞得率为0.349 g/g(葡萄糖),总虾青素得率为0.266 mg/g(葡萄糖),细胞内虾青素最高含量为0.81 mg/g。     

酵母富铁发酵条件的研究

通过对636酿酒酵母进行驯化,得到耐铁能力强,富铁率高的驯化菌株。对选出富铁能力强的酵母在28℃下培养24h,从碳源、氮源、Vc、EDTA-2Na、pH、接种量、装液量进行发酵条件优化。在优化条件下,驯化的菌株生物量31．35g／L、铁含量24．22mg／g、总铁含量759.39mg／L、富集率58．76％．     

高生物量富硒产朊假丝酵母培养基优化

对富硒产朊假丝酵母发酵培养基进行优化,获得高生物量富硒酵母。从6种发酵培养基中确定G改良培养基为最佳培养基。利用Plackett-Burman设计法从影响富硒产朊假丝酵母生长的12个因子中筛选出葡萄糖、蛋白胨、KH2PO4、CuSO4添加量这4个关键因子。再利用Box-Behnken试验设计及响应面分析法确定关键因子的最佳水平及交互作用。试验得出各关键因子的最优组合为葡萄糖30 g/L、蛋白胨17 g/L、KH2PO4 6.5 g/L、CuSO4 0.01 g/L。结果表明,培养基优化后酵母生物量为12.01 g/L,有机硒含量为1 337.46 μg/g,谷胱甘肽为134.27 mg/L。将培养基中亚硒酸钠添加量由25 μg/mL提高至30 μg/mL,酵母生物量为11.21 g/L,有机硒为1 673.32 μg/g,谷胱甘肽为126.80 mg/L。     

富铁酵母的选育研究

通过对10株酿酒酵母菌株进行初筛、复筛、驯化得到1株富铁能力强的9F菌株。对9F菌株的发酵条件进行优化得到:10°Bx的麦芽汁,8g/L尿素,0.02g/L磷酸二氢钾,1200g/mLFe2 ,培养基初始pH值自然,装液量50mL/250mL,32℃发酵24h,生物量达11.08g/L,铁含量达32.56mg/g酵母,富集率达到30.10%,同时得到该菌株生长规律和动力学关系式。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the