一种CO_2调控变黏聚合物合成及变黏机理分析

将甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)与丙烯酰胺(AM)进行水溶液原子自由基共聚,制备出一种黏度可控聚合物P(AM-DMAEMA)。其最佳合成条件为:单体质量分数20%,聚合温度40℃,引发剂质量分数0.2%,聚合时间4.0 h。聚合物分子结构采用1HNMR进行表征;通过溶液电导率、Zeta电位及粒径分析实验证实其具有CO2可逆调控性能,并对聚合物溶液黏度变化性能及变黏机理进行了分析。结果表明,P(AMDMAEMA)水溶液具有CO2调控变黏性能和较好的CO2结合稳定性。     

C.I.分散红92合成研究

以1-氨基-2-苯氧基-4-羟基蒽醌、氯磺酸、氯化亚砜、3-乙氧基丙胺为原料及Na2CO3为缚酸剂合成了C.I.分散红92。研究了氯磺酸、氯化亚砜用量及温度对氯磺化的影响,研究了3-乙氧基丙胺用量、pH值及温度对胺化缩合的影响。通过实验得到了较佳的反应条件,原料摩尔比是1-氨基-2-苯氧基-4-羟基蒽醌:氯磺酸:氯化亚砜:3-乙氧基丙胺为1:8:0.6:1;氯磺化温度为30℃～35℃;胺化缩合pH值为7～8,温度为15℃～20℃。并通过HPLC、1H-NMR、IR和MS对目标产品进行了分析。以1-氨基-2-苯氧基-4-羟基蒽醌计,总收率大于91%,目标产品HPLC纯度大于99%,溶剂回收率为95%。     

环氧树脂固化促进剂的研究

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和3-二甲氨基丙胺为单体、甲苯为溶剂,合成了环氧树脂(EP)的固化促进剂——甲苯-2,4-二(N,N′-二甲氨基丙脲)。为了验证自制促进剂的性能,以EP/双氰胺/促进剂为基体,并辅以填料、增韧剂、沉淀硫酸钡和流平剂等助剂,制备了粉末涂料。结果表明:制备促进剂的最佳工艺条件为n(TDI)∶n(3-二甲氨基丙胺)=1∶1.8、3-二甲氨基丙胺/甲苯溶液的滴加时间为1.5 h;当w(促进剂)=2.0%、固化温度为160℃时,粉末涂料的固化时间为6.5 min、胶化时间约100 s,并且其硬度、附着力和柔韧性俱佳,完全满足生产要求和使用要求。     

图书信息

混凝土和砂浆用的无氯稳定低粘度促凝剂 该促凝剂含≥1种无碱和无氯的铝盐,其中含≥1种铝离子配位粘合剂和≥1种的缓蚀剂.铝盐选自硫酸铝、硝酸铝、甘醇酸铝、乳酸铝、乙酸铝、甲酸铝、羟基甲酸铝或它们的混合物.配位粘合剂选自次氮基三乙酸、乙二胺四乙酸、葡萄酸、庚糖酸、膦酸或它们的混合物.缓蚀剂选自炔烃、丁炔二醇、炔丙醇、3-(甲氨基)丙胺、3-(二甲氨基)丙胺、3-(二乙氨基)丙胺、环己胺、N-甲基环己胺、N-乙基环己胺、1-(二甲氨基)-2-丙醇、1-(乙氨基)-2-丙醇、1-(环己氨基)-2-丙醇、3-氨基-1-丙醇、2-氨基乙醇、2,2′-亚氨基二乙醇、2-(甲氨基)乙醇、2-(二甲氨基)乙醇、2-(乙氨基)乙醇和2-(二乙氨基)乙醇.增稠剂选自膨润土、有机皂土、生物聚合物、藻酸盐、聚乙二醇醚、丙烯酸盐类或氨基甲酸甲酯类增稠剂、羧酸酯或它们混合物以水溶液方式也可加入到促凝剂中.制成的促凝剂适合于水泥基的灰砂、混凝土、灰砂粉刷料和喷浆混凝土. CA.134:315040     

EP基粉末涂料用固化促进剂的合成及固化动力学研究

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和3-二甲氨基丙胺为单体、甲苯为溶剂,合成了一种环氧树脂(EP)基粉末涂料用固化促进剂甲苯-2,4-二[N,N-二甲氨基丙脲]。以凝胶时间为衡量指标,优选出促进剂的最佳用量。采用动态DSC(差示扫描量热)法研究了EP/固化剂/促进剂体系的固化反应动力学,并运用温度-升温速率(T-β)外推法求得该体系的固化工艺参数。结果表明:促进剂的最佳质量分数为3%(相对于EP而言),涂膜在165℃/5 min条件下可完全固化;EP/固化剂/促进剂体系的表观活化能为80.295 kJ/mol,反应级数为0.92,凝胶温度为64℃,固化温度为133℃,后固化温度为190℃。     

《应用化工》第30卷(1期～6期)主要目次

混凝土和砂浆用的无氯稳定低粘度促凝剂 该促凝剂含≥1种无碱和无氯的铝盐,其中含≥1种铝离子配位粘合剂和≥1种的缓蚀剂.铝盐选自硫酸铝、硝酸铝、甘醇酸铝、乳酸铝、乙酸铝、甲酸铝、羟基甲酸铝或它们的混合物.配位粘合剂选自次氮基三乙酸、乙二胺四乙酸、葡萄酸、庚糖酸、膦酸或它们的混合物.缓蚀剂选自炔烃、丁炔二醇、炔丙醇、3-(甲氨基)丙胺、3-(二甲氨基)丙胺、3-(二乙氨基)丙胺、环己胺、N-甲基环己胺、N-乙基环己胺、1-(二甲氨基)-2-丙醇、1-(乙氨基)-2-丙醇、1-(环己氨基)-2-丙醇、3-氨基-1-丙醇、2-氨基乙醇、2,2′-亚氨基二乙醇、2-(甲氨基)乙醇、2-(二甲氨基)乙醇、2-(乙氨基)乙醇和2-(二乙氨基)乙醇.增稠剂选自膨润土、有机皂土、生物聚合物、藻酸盐、聚乙二醇醚、丙烯酸盐类或氨基甲酸甲酯类增稠剂、羧酸酯或它们混合物以水溶液方式也可加入到促凝剂中.制成的促凝剂适合于水泥基的灰砂、混凝土、灰砂粉刷料和喷浆混凝土. CA.134:315040     

用于CO_2吸收的离子液体的合成、表征及吸收性能

以N-甲基咪唑和3-溴丙胺氢溴酸盐为起始原料,合成了一种含氨基的离子液体(ionic liquid,IL)——1-(1-氨基丙基)-3-甲基咪唑溴盐(简写为[NH2p-mim]Br),总产率为90.1%,溴含量为0.980 mol Br/mol IL,胺含量为0.948 mol NH2/mol IL。探讨了合成工艺,并通过1HNMR、13CNMR、IR和MS对产物结构进行了表征。吸收实验结果表明,该离子液体能够有效地吸收CO2,在40℃和106 kPa下,质量分数为45%的离子液体水溶液吸收CO2至饱和时,溶液中CO2的摩尔分数可达0.444 mol CO2/mol IL,接近理论吸收量0.5 mol CO2/mol IL;在90℃的真空状态下,吸收的CO2能够完全解吸,重复吸收实验表明,该离子液体吸收CO2的能力无明显下降。     

13C NMR定量分析一乙醇胺（MEA）与CO2的吸收和解吸特性

13C NMR是一种有效的测定有机胺与CO2反应过程中离子浓度变化的检测手段。本文采用13C NMR分析了一乙醇胺(MEA)吸收与解吸CO2过程,吸收与解吸实验温度分别在313K和393K下进行。结果表明,吸收CO2过程中生成了MEA氨基甲酸盐、质子胺MEAH+与HCO3-/CO32-,并且CO2与MEA反应时先生成MEA氨基甲酸盐,当溶液吸收的CO2担载量达到0.455molCO2/mol胺时,才产生HCO3-/CO32-离子。在MEA吸收CO2过程中,MEA氨基甲酸盐的摩尔分数先增加后减少。在解吸过程中,MEA氨基甲酸盐的摩尔分数同样先增加后减少。HCO3-/CO32-在解吸过程中很容易就能被解吸,而生成的MEA氨基甲酸盐中大约有75%在解吸过程中并没有被解吸。     

一种阳离子型合成鞣剂的制备及其鞣革性能

以丙酮和水为混合溶剂,三聚氯氰和3-二甲氨基丙胺为原料,合成了N,N'-2-(4,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪基-2-氨基)-二甲基丙胺(TAMP).通过FTIR和1HNMR对合成产物结构进行了表征.以脱灰软化的绵羊皮为材料,通过单因素实验确定了适宜鞣制工艺条件为:TAMP鞣剂用量20％(以灰皮质量计,下同),鞣制过程采...     

DPA DEAPA DBU

DPA(3—二甲氨基丙胺),DEAPA(3—二乙氨基丙胺),DBU(双环脒—DBU)是我厂广大职工在反击右倾翻案风斗争中研制出的三项新品种。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.