碱土金属改性HZSM-5催化乙醇脱水制乙烯的反应研究

考察了碱土金属镁、钙、钡和锶浸渍改性的固体酸性催化剂HZSM-5分子筛在乙醇脱水制乙烯反应中的催化性能,发现锶改性HZSM-5催化效果最佳,然后在此基础上对反应条件进行了优化实验。结果表明0.5%Sr/HZSM-5的催化性能最好,在220℃、质量空速2.5 h-1、乙醇浓度50%的反应条件下,乙醇的转化率为99.3%,乙烯的选择性高达99.3%。     

过渡金属改性HZSM-5催化乙醇脱水制乙烯

分别考察了过渡金属铁、锰和钴改性HZSM-5对乙醇脱水制乙烯的影响,并对催化效果最好的催化剂进行了反应条件的优化.结果表明:Co/HZSM-5的催化性能最好,使用该催化剂在220℃、质量空速2.5 h-1、乙醇体积分数为60%的反应条件下,乙醇的转化率和乙烯的选择性分别高达99.6%和99.3%.     

改性HZSM-5分子筛在乙醇脱水制生物乙烯工业小试中的应用研究

主要研究了改性HZSM-5分子筛在固定床反应器上催化乙醇脱水制生物乙烯的应用情况,考察了反应温度、质量空速、乙醇质量浓度以及催化剂粒度等工艺条件对改性HZSM-5分子筛催化性能的影响,同时考察了催化剂的单程寿命。结果显示,反应温度在200~300℃,乙醇质量空速为1.2 h~(-1)的条件下,采用470 g/L的乙醇溶液,催化剂粒度在10~20目之间,乙醇转化率为99%以上,乙烯选择性为98%以上,单程可连续运转1 104 h,表明改性HZSM-5在乙醇脱水工业小试中的催化性能优异。     

稀土改性HZSM-5催化乙醇脱水制乙烯

采用浸渍法制备La、Ce、Sm、Eu等稀土（RE）金属改性的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂（RE/HZSM-5）,考察它们在乙醇脱水制乙烯反应中的催化性能.通过X射线衍射（XRD）、N2吸附-脱附（BET）和氨程序升温脱附（NH3-TPD）等手段对其物化性能进行表征,并讨论反应温度对La/HZSM-5催化性能的影响.结果表明：少量稀土引入不破坏HZSM-5分子筛的骨架结构,只对表面酸性产生了较大的影响;表面酸量决定RE/HZSM-5催化乙醇脱水制乙烯的性能,酸量的增大有利于乙醇转化率的提高;在不同稀土改性的催化剂中,2%La/HZSM-5的催化性能最佳,在反应温度240℃、55%原料乙醇、进料质量空速（WHSV）2.5h^-1的条件下,乙醇转化率和乙烯选择性分别达到99.3%和98.6%.     

SAPO-11/HZSM-5对乙醇脱水制乙烯反应的催化性能

测定HZSM-5与SAPO-11复合催化剂(SAPO-11/HZSM-5)对乙醇脱水制乙烯反应的催化性能,考察反应工艺条件;对比HZSM-5、SAPO-11和SAPO-11/HZSM-5催化乙醇脱水制乙烯反应性能;分析三种催化剂表面酸量及酸强度,以及对反应产物组成的影响。结果表明:SAPO-11/HZSM-5催化乙醇脱水制乙烯反应的适宜条件为:压力0.1 MPa,温度240℃,空速1.2 h-1,乙醇浓度99.7%;乙醇转化率、乙烯选择性分别为99.19%和98.77%;气相产物中乙烯含量达到98.92%,C3、C4组分含量分别为0.37%和0.40%,未检测到C5以上组分。SAPO-11/HZSM-5催化乙醇脱水制乙烯反应温度比HZSM-5、SAPO-11低60℃。适度增加催化剂表面弱酸量及强度,并使其具有相当比例的强酸量,有利于提高乙醇脱水制乙烯反应活性和乙烯选择性。     

La-HZSM-5催化乙醇脱水制乙烯

以HZSM-5分子筛改性得到的3%LA-HZSM-5分子筛为催化剂,在小型的固定床反应器中(φ45 mm×600 mm)考察了乙醇浓度、反应温度和液时空速对乙醇脱水制乙烯反应的影响.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、NH3程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、N2吸附-脱附和热重-差示扫描量热仪(TG-DSC)等手段对3%La-HZSM-5分子筛反应前后催化剂的物性变化进行分析,并考察了催化剂的稳定性.结果表明,该催化剂对乙醇脱水反应具有良好的催化性能,较好的再生性能、强度和稳定性.乙醇脱水反应的合适反应条件为催化剂180 g,乙醇质量浓度50%,液时空速1.1 h-1,反应温度260℃.在此条件下,乙醇转化率和乙烯选择性均高于98%,催化剂单程使用寿命达900 h.     

V-P/HZSM-5催化乙醇流化床脱水制乙烯

分别采用P、V和V-P改性HZSM-5,在自行设计的流化床装置上评价其对乙醇脱水制乙烯的催化性能。采用X射线荧光光谱（XRF）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、吡啶吸附红外光谱（Py-IR）、比表面积分析（BET）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等手段对催化剂的物化性能进行表征,同时考察了不同催化剂制备条件和催化反应条件等工艺因素对催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,V-P复合改性HZSM-5比P和V单独改性的催化效果好,在P和V原子比为7.5、焙烧温度300 ℃、反应温度220 ℃、乙醇进样流速0.1 mL·min^-1和催化剂用量3.0 g条件下,乙醇的转化率和乙烯的选择性分别高达96.9%和93.5%,具有稳定的初期活性。同时,该催化剂对低浓度乙醇的脱水反应表现出较佳的催化活性。     

Zn与Mn复合改性HZSM-5催化低浓度乙醇脱水制乙烯

对浸渍法锌锰复合改性HZSM-5分子筛用于催化低浓度乙醇脱水制备乙烯进行了研究. 探讨了改性溶液类型、HZSM-5原粉硅/铝比和改性条件(改性溶液浓度、浸渍时间、浸渍温度、焙烧温度)对Zn/Mn/ZSM-5催化乙醇脱水效果的影响，通过XRD、孔体积与比表面积、微观形貌分析等方法对改性前后的HZSM-5进行了表征. 结果表明，当HZSM-5原粉硅/铝比为25，改性温度为40℃, Zn(NO3)2和MnCl2浓度分别为2%和6%条件下改性1 h，再于550℃焙烧获得的分子筛催化效果最好，乙醇转化率和乙烯选择性分别达到99%和92%以上. 表征结果表明，Zn2+和Mn2+进入了分子筛骨架中，分子筛能很好地保持原有的结构，并且B酸中心量减少，L酸中心量增多，这有利于乙醇催化脱水制乙烯.     

乙醇催化脱水制乙烯催化剂的制备与性能评价

采用混捏法制备乙醇脱水制乙烯EDE-104催化剂,并引入活性金属氧化物E对催化剂进行改性,通过正交实验得到较优的工艺条件:反应温度360℃,液体空速0.5 h-1,原料乙醇质量分数60%,并在此条件下进行了1 000 h的寿命实验。结果表明,乙醇催化脱水制乙烯催化剂中引入活性金属氧化物E,提高了乙烯选择性,增强了催化剂的稳定性,乙烯选择性97.5%,乙醇单程转化率97.5%,乙烯收率96%。     

生物乙醇制乙烯初探

原油价格的不断攀升以及生物乙醇的飞速发展已对乙烯产业产生影响,也为乙醇脱水制乙烯技术路线的发展创造了机会。本文初步研究了采用改性HZSM-5催化剂、以生物乙醇溶液为原料制备乙烯。考察了反应温度、乙醇质量空速、乙醇浓度对该反应的影响,得到了优化的工艺条件：反应温度230 ℃,乙醇质量空速1.5～1.7 h－1,乙醇浓度80～150 g/L,乙醇转化率达到99%以上,乙烯选择性达到98%以上。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。