冷轧双相钢CR340/590DP冲压开裂原因及分析

冷轧双相钢CR340/590DP在冲压成形过程中容易出现局部开裂和缩颈隐裂现象。通过材料成分和力学性能对比,落料剪切面、断口形貌和金相组织分析可知,落料剪切面撕裂区局部微裂纹是冲压成形过程中的起裂点;冲压板料在张力和压力条件下剪切面灰色撕裂区均出现裂纹,裂纹产生位置和冲压过程板料受力方向无关;落料剪切产生的应力集中是冲压道次裂纹产生的基础;混晶及带状组织对冲压成形不利;细化晶粒、改善带状组织和马氏体均匀分布更有利于冲压过程材料的均匀变形,避免冲压开裂。通过优化冲压工艺和材料组织等措施,使开裂率由85%降至5%以内。     

H62制紧固座开裂原因分析

H62制紧固座在装配线上发现裂纹,为研究裂纹产生的原因和机理,采用金相、化学、断口扫描及能谱分析等方法,对裂纹及其断口进行了分析。通过分析调查发现：零件生产时正值南方高温闷热潮湿的季节,零件冲压成型后放置了3个月时间,应力未得到及时消除。零件在残余应力及南方潮湿的大气环境共同作用下产生应力腐蚀开裂。本研究通过对裂纹宏观现象及微观机理的分析,得出了裂纹产生的原因：零件在残余拉应力及潮湿的大气、O2及CO2的共同作用下产生应力腐蚀。     

高强汽车大梁钢纵梁翼面开裂原因分析

为分析热轧高强汽车大梁钢纵梁成型过程中翼面开裂的原因，通过宏观观察，采用扫描电镜、金相、低倍检验等方法进行检测，并对开裂处的裂纹进行分析。结果表明：纵梁翼面开裂的主要原因是翼面端部表面加工质量差，存在划伤和微裂纹，在连续辊压成型过程中翼面端部受到附加拉应力，在两者的共同作用下产生裂纹扩展从而引起纵梁翼面开裂。针对此种开裂情况，建议采取措施改善热轧板的加工剪切质量，以有效避免因剪切质量造成的开裂。     

汽车高强钢锻件淬火开裂分析与有限元模拟北大核心CSCD

某汽车高强钢锻件在生产中面临淬火开裂问题,急需从生产工艺上回溯开裂原因。对淬火后的某汽车高强钢锻件进行解剖,观察了裂纹形貌、金属流线、微观组织和元素分布,发现断裂处材料流动极不均匀,锻造变形时剧烈的滑移和剪切是导致开裂的主要原因。模拟了某SAE5137H汽车高强钢锻件在浓度为9%的PAG淬火液(聚烷撑乙二醇质量分数为9%的水性淬火介质)中淬火的过程,发现淬火开裂位置的最大等效应力远低于材料的抗拉强度,淬火应力较小。综合裂纹分析的试验结果和有限元分析结果可知,该锻件锻造过程中材料流动不均匀,局部产生剧烈滑移,使材料塑性下降,虽然在锻造后未直接开裂,但在淬火热应力的作用下因塑性不足而导致开裂。根据开裂原因,将位置A开裂处预锻模膛局部凹模圆角半径减小至R8 mm,并对锻件位置B处局部加热,锻件淬火开裂比例显著下降,解决了开裂问题。     

焊管压扁开裂的原因分析

某厂家的焊管在压扁试验过程中开裂,为找出焊管开裂的原因,在实验室对未开裂焊管进行了压扁验证试验,观察了开裂管的宏观形貌。并采用微观断口观察、金相分析及金属流线上升角测定等测试分析手段进行综合分析。结果表明,焊管开裂的主要原因是由于焊管中存在的硫化物夹杂破坏了焊管金属的连续性,在焊接过程中,焊缝处于较大挤压力下,使得金属流线上升角过大且露头,从而引起开裂,裂纹沿着管材的中心偏析位置向内扩展。     

焊接弧坑热裂纹的力学机制分析

应用断裂力学物理量和有限元方法,分析并揭示焊缝弧坑热裂纹开裂力学机理. 通过应力的无量纲化和正交变换,将热—弹塑性有限元分析获得的节点应力等效为应力强度因子计算模型的外载荷,建立了基于应力强度因子参量的焊缝弧坑热裂纹数值分析模型. 计算并比较焊接热应力作用下焊缝含裂纹单元的张开、剪切和撕裂三类应力强度因子,揭示弧坑裂纹断裂机制并断口试验验证. 结果表明,弧坑热裂纹以拉裂模式主导,在热裂纹敏感区间1100~1000 ℃扩展速度最快,且呈“之”字形开裂取向.     

高强汽车大梁钢纵梁翼面开裂原因分析

为分析热轧高强汽车大梁钢纵梁成型过程中翼面开裂的原因,通过宏观观察,采用扫描电镜、金相、低倍检验等方法进行检测,并对开裂处的裂纹进行分析.结果 表明:纵梁翼面开裂的主要原因是翼面端部表面加工质量差,存在划伤和微裂纹,在连续辊压成型过程中翼面端部受到附加拉应力,在两者的共同作用下产生裂纹扩展从而引起纵梁翼面开裂.针对此种...     

飞机起落架扭力臂上轴裂纹分析

某飞机起落架扭力臂上轴在使用后发生裂纹.为了确定该上轴裂纹的原因,对存在裂纹上轴进行了外观检查,断口宏观、微观分析,化学成分分析,金相组织检查、硬度检测以及氢含量测定.结果表明:上轴裂纹是在较大的表面剪切摩擦应力与扭转应力的共同作用下发生的开裂,裂纹开裂后以应力腐蚀的方式扩展.     

用再结晶退火法消除蛇形管托架的冲压裂纹

电站锅炉蛇形管托架在900～1050C烟气中，要承受过热器管重量作用，工作条件恶劣。我厂托架材料用1Cr6Si2Mo耐热不起皮钢，剪切成40～60mm宽，校平后压制成形。压制过程中常发生裂纹和脆性断裂，经济损失严重。为解决这一问题，用正交试验法，优选了在AT3下临界点进行再结晶退火的工艺。1托架在冲压应力下产生裂纹的原因由于托架冷冲压时各部分金属塑性变形不均匀，造成内应力、产生加工硬化现象，使强度和硬度增高，塑性降低。又因宏观应力、晶间应力和晶格畸变应力的存在和叠加，造成复杂的应力状态，引起应力集中而使金属在冲压时产生…     

ZG25铸钢件裂纹产生原因分析

通过金相、扫描电镜及能谱分析,对ZG25铸钢件成型过程中的开裂原因进行分析和研究。金相观察发现,铸件金属凝固过程中,在晶界处的物质发生熔化导致晶界过烧使晶界脆化,产生微观裂纹,裂纹在过烧晶界处萌生并沿晶界迅速扩展,导致铸件开裂。通过扫描电镜并结合能谱分析,在晶界处有Al_2O_3和Fe_2O_3夹杂,积聚在晶界成为裂纹源。结果表明:ZG25铸钢件成型过程中开裂的主要原因是在裂纹中间有夹杂,导致工件在高温下发生开裂。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。