结合灰色预测的动态概率矩阵分解（英文）

推荐系统的目标是找出符合用户喜好的物品,但是用户的喜好和物品的特征是动态变化的,这种变化会影响推荐系统的准确性.很多推荐系统只是简单的使用概率矩阵分解模型,缺乏对这个问题的有效解决.本文利用灰色系统理论中的灰色预测模型对用户和物品的动态性建模,继而提出了一个基于概率矩阵分解和灰色预测模型的动态推荐系统.首先,利用概率矩阵分解模型生成各个连续时间窗中用户和物品的隐式向量.接着,利用灰色预测模型得到未来时间窗中用户和物品的隐式向量,继而进行推荐.实验结果说明本文的算法能够有效地对用户和商品的动态性进行建模,且优于一些现存的最好的算法.     

基于评论的隐式社交关系在推荐系统中的应用

传统推荐系统研究很少利用评论数据来提高推荐性能。评论数据富含用户对物品的评价观点,有助于建立用户间或物品间的关联。针对如何利用评论数据改善推荐效果,提出了一种基于评论的隐式社交矩阵分解模型。模型利用评论间的相似性构建用户间和物品间的隐式社交关系,并将该隐式关系集成到社交推荐框架中,改进了传统矩阵分解推荐模型。实验表明,基于评论数据的隐式社交关系在多个数据集上使传统矩阵分解算法的RMSE降低了约3%。特别是当系统面临用户冷启动困境时,即只有少量用户评分数据可被收集到时,推荐提升效果更为显著。这表明丰富的评论数据能够被转化为改善推荐系统的有用知识。     

融合邻域模型与矩阵分解模型的推荐算法

协同过滤推荐算法是目前构建推荐系统最为成功的算法之一,它利用已知的一组用户对物品喜好数据来对推测用户对其他物品的喜好,其中,能够直接刻画用户与项目潜在特征的矩阵分解模型和通过分析物品或者项目间相似度的邻域模型是研究的热点.针对这两个模型存在的不足,提出了一种将邻域模型与矩阵分解模型有效结合的方法,进而构建了一个改进的协同过滤推荐算法,提高了预测准确性.实验结果验证了改进算法的正确性与有效性.     

基于度量学习的多空间推荐系统

隐式反馈具有数据获取成本小、形式广泛的特点,因此在现代推荐系统中被广泛使用.由于用户的隐式反馈通常是稀疏,不平衡,且含义不明确的.因此,想要准确学习用户和物品之间的复杂交互具有挑战性.传统的基于矩阵分解的推荐方法只能建模用户-物品之间的相似性.同时,矩阵分解使用点积运算作为相似度评估方式,而点积运算不满足三角不等式,即不能将用户-物品相似性传递到用户-用户以及物品-物品的相似性建模.因此,矩阵分解不足以在隐式反馈中充分建模用户和物品的关系.尽管现在有基于隐式反馈使用欧式距离来度量用户-物品相似度的度量学习方法,使得对应的推荐方法能够满足三角不等式.但是,现有的度量方法通常会将每个用户或者物品表示为度量空间中的单个点,进而在单个空间内通过用户-物品之间的距离来表征用户-物品之间的相似性.由于在不同的环境下,用户对于同一种类型的物品的偏好也可能存在差异.基于单个空间的用户、物品嵌入向量有可能无法满足用户具有的多种偏好和物品具有的多种属性,进而限制了推荐系统的性能.为了充分刻画用户和物品,我们尝试从多个侧面对于用户和物品进行表示,并提出了一个基于多空间的度量学习(MML)框架.通过设计整合多个空间相似性的度量方式,我们将用户和物品投影到多个空间中进行细粒度的表示.另外,我们设计了一种经过校准的优化策略,包括经过校准的最大间隔损失函数和经过校准的采样方法.在保持多空间度量学习表示能力的同时,确保框架的有效性.最后,模型通过训练好的用户、物品向量,对于稀疏的用户-物品交互矩阵进行填补.在动态更新空间权重的同时,可以赋予模型新的训练视角,最终实现端到端的训练.通过四个真实世界推荐数据集上进行的大量实验表明,MML可以在Recall和nDCG衡量指标上将目前最优的对比算法提高40%以上.     

融合标签信息的卷积矩阵分解推荐算法

当今各类推荐系统中存在着冷启动、数据稀疏性的问题,严重影响其推荐质量。为了有效缓解由于数据不完整导致的推荐效果不理想,提出一种融合标签信息的卷积矩阵分解推荐算法TaSoConvMF(Convolutional Matrix factorization Recommendation Algorithm Fusing Social Tagging)。该算法将卷积神经网络融合进概率矩阵分解模型,并利用评分矩阵和标签矩阵联合监督,运用联合概率矩阵分解计算用户-资源、用户-标签、资源-标签三个矩阵的隐式向量,根据评分矩阵多次对模型参数进行优化。该算法通过在豆瓣评分数据集和MovieLens10M数据集上进行多次实验,采用RMSE指标进行评估,预测结果表明推荐效果有所提升。     

融合物品相似性与流形正则化的矩阵分解推荐模型

矩阵分解是推荐系统中应用最为广泛的方法之一,但其对物品隐因子及其相似性学习不够充分.社会网络分析中认为相互连接的个体有一定共性,受此启发提出一个能够借助近邻关系有效学习物品隐因子及其相似性的矩阵分解推荐模型.首先基于评分矩阵对物品相似性计算进行改良,综合同一用户和相似用户的评分共现信息对物品信息建模;然后通过构建相似性优化和流形局部保持正则化项,使物品相似性作用在矩阵分解中,从而充分学习物品隐因子特征及其相似性;最后根据用户和物品隐因子矩阵计算推荐指数.在公开数据集上的实验结果表明,通过流形正则化技术将改良的物品相似性作用在矩阵分解中,可以有效提升推荐效果.     

基于深度神经网络和加权隐反馈的个性化推荐

改进的矩阵分解(SVD++)将用户和物品特征向量的内积作为用户对物品的评分,而内积无法捕捉用户与物品之间复杂的高阶非线性关系.此外,SVD++在融入用户隐式反馈时,未区分不同交互物品对于用户特征表达的贡献.针对上述问题,文中提出基于深度神经网络和加权隐反馈的推荐算法(DeepNASVD++),采用深度神经网络建模用户与物品之间的关系,使用注意力机制计算历史交互物品在建模用户隐式反馈时的权重.在公开数据集上的实验验证文中算法的有效性.     

基于矩阵分解的社交网络正则化推荐模型

社交网站的快速发展和普及使得实现高效的好友推荐成为了一个热点问题,而矩阵分解算法是被业界广泛采用的方法.虽然传统的矩阵分解算法能够带来良好的效果,但是仍然存在一些问题.首先,算法没有充分利用用户之间的社交网络结构化关系;其次,算法依赖的用户-物品评分矩阵只有二级评分不能充分表达用户的喜好.提出了一种基于矩阵分解的社交网络正则化推荐模型,利用社交网络中用户的近邻关系进行建模,并将其作为一种辅助信息融合到矩阵分解模型当中,该模型能够解决传统矩阵分解面临的问题.通过在腾讯微博数据集上进行实验对比,验证了本文提出的方法与传统的推荐方法相比能取得更高的推荐平均准确度.     

基于深度学习的矩阵分解推荐模型

通过对深度学习和矩阵分解技术进行结合,设计一个深度神经网络对用户和物品进行特征提取,形成用户隐向量和物品隐向量的方法,计算这两个隐向量的内积得到用户对物品的评分预测.为提高推荐精度,提出使用显式数据和隐式数据并设计新的损失函数能够同时计算这两类数据损失的方法.在两个公开数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法比基线模型在HR和N...     

融合显式反馈与隐式反馈的协同过滤推荐算法

显式反馈与隐式反馈相结合,可以有效提升推荐性能.但是现有的融合显式反馈与隐式反馈的推荐系统存在未能发挥隐式反馈数据缺失值反映用户隐藏偏好的能力,或者未能保留显式反馈数据反映用户偏好程度的能力的局限性.为了解决这个问题,提出了一种融合显式反馈与隐式反馈的协同过滤推荐算法.该算法分为两个阶段:第1阶段利用加权低秩近似处理隐式反馈数据,训练出隐式用户/物品向量;第2阶段引入了基线评估,同时将隐式用户/物品向量作为补充,通过显隐式用户/物品向量结合,训练得出用户对物品的预测偏好程度.该算法与多个典型算法在标准数据集上进行了实验比较,其可行性和有效性得到验证.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.